Salud María Jiménez-Zafra

Also published as: Salud M. Jiménez Zafra, Salud M. Jiménez-Zafra, Salud María Jimenez-Zafra, Salud María Jiménez Zafra


2024

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Overview of Third Shared Task on Homophobia and Transphobia Detection in Social Media Comments
Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi | Prasanna Kumaresan | Ruba Priyadharshini | Paul Buitelaar | Asha Hegde | Hosahalli Shashirekha | Saranya Rajiakodi | Miguel Ángel García | Salud María Jiménez-Zafra | José García-Díaz | Rafael Valencia-García | Kishore Ponnusamy | Poorvi Shetty | Daniel García-Baena
Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Language Technology for Equality, Diversity, Inclusion

This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the “Homophobia and Transphobia Detection in Social Media Comments” shared task, which was held at the LT-EDI@EACL 2024. The objective of this task was to develop systems capable of identifying instances of homophobia and transphobia within social media comments. This challenge was extended across ten languages: English, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Gujarati, Hindi, Marathi, Spanish, and Tulu. Each comment in the dataset was annotated into three categories. The shared task attracted significant interest, with over 60 teams participating through the CodaLab platform. The submission of prediction from the participants was evaluated with the macro F1 score.

2023

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UMUTeam and SINAI at SemEval-2023 Task 9: Multilingual Tweet Intimacy Analysis using Multilingual Large Language Models and Data Augmentation
José Antonio García-Díaz | Ronghao Pan | Salud María Jiménez Zafra | María-Teresa Martn-Valdivia | L. Alfonso Ureña-López | Rafael Valencia-García
Proceedings of the 17th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2023)

This work presents the participation of the UMUTeam and the SINAI research groups in the SemEval-2023 Task 9: Multilingual Tweet Intimacy Analysis. The goal of this task is to predict the intimacy of a set of tweets in 10 languages: English, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, French, Chinese, Hindi, Arabic, Dutch and Korean, of which, the last 4 are not in the training data. Our approach to address this task is based on data augmentation and the use of three multilingual Large Language Models (multilingual BERT, XLM and mDeBERTA) by ensemble learning. Our team ranked 30th out of 45 participants. Our best results were achieved with two unseen languages: Korean (16th) and Hindi (19th).

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UMUTeam at SemEval-2023 Task 10: Fine-grained detection of sexism in English
Ronghao Pan | José Antonio García-Díaz | Salud María Jiménez Zafra | Rafael Valencia-García
Proceedings of the 17th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2023)

In this manuscript, we describe the participation of UMUTeam in the Explainable Detection of Online Sexism shared task proposed at SemEval 2023. This task concerns the precise and explainable detection of sexist content on Gab and Reddit, i.e., developing detailed classifiers that not only identify what is sexist, but also explain why it is sexism. Our participation in the three EDOS subtasks is based on extending new unlabeled sexism data in the Masked Language Model task of a pre-trained model, such as RoBERTa-large to improve its generalization capacity and its performance on classification tasks. Once the model has been pre-trained with the new data, fine-tuning of this model is performed for different specific sexism classification tasks. Our system has achieved excellent results in this competitive task, reaching top 24 (84) in Task A, top 23 (69) in Task B, and top 13 (63) in Task C.

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Overview of Second Shared Task on Homophobia and Transphobia Detection in Social Media Comments
Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi | Rahul Ponnusamy | Malliga S | Paul Buitelaar | Miguel Ángel García-Cumbreras | Salud María Jimenez-Zafra | Jose Antonio Garcia-Diaz | Rafael Valencia-Garcia | Nitesh Jindal
Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Language Technology for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion

We present an overview of the second shared task on homophobia/transphobia Detection in social media comments. Given a comment, a system must predict whether or not it contains any form of homophobia/transphobia. The shared task included five languages: English, Spanish, Tamil, Hindi, and Malayalam. The data was given for two tasks. Task A was given three labels, and Task B fine-grained seven labels. In total, 75 teams enrolled for the shared task in Codalab. For task A, 12 teams submitted systems for English, eight teams for Tamil, eight teams for Spanish, and seven teams for Hindi. For task B, nine teams submitted for English, 7 teams for Tamil, 6 teams for Malayalam. We present and analyze all submissions in this paper.

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Overview of the Shared Task on Hope Speech Detection for Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion
Prasanna Kumar Kumaresan | Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi | Subalalitha Cn | Miguel Ángel García-Cumbreras | Salud María Jiménez Zafra | José Antonio García-Díaz | Rafael Valencia-García | Momchil Hardalov | Ivan Koychev | Preslav Nakov | Daniel García-Baena | Kishore Kumar Ponnusamy
Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Language Technology for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion

Hope serves as a powerful driving force that encourages individuals to persevere in the face of the unpredictable nature of human existence. It instills motivation within us to remain steadfast in our pursuit of important goals, regardless of the uncertainties that lie ahead. In today’s digital age, platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube have emerged as prominent social media outlets where people freely express their views and opinions. These platforms have also become crucial for marginalized individuals seeking online assistance and support[1][2][3]. The outbreak of the pandemic has exacerbated people’s fears around the world, as they grapple with the possibility of losing loved ones and the lack of access to essential services such as schools, hospitals, and mental health facilities.

2022

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Overview of the Shared Task on Hope Speech Detection for Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion
Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi | Vigneshwaran Muralidaran | Ruba Priyadharshini | Subalalitha Cn | John McCrae | Miguel Ángel García | Salud María Jiménez-Zafra | Rafael Valencia-García | Prasanna Kumaresan | Rahul Ponnusamy | Daniel García-Baena | José García-Díaz
Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Language Technology for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion

Hope Speech detection is the task of classifying a sentence as hope speech or non-hope speech given a corpus of sentences. Hope speech is any message or content that is positive, encouraging, reassuring, inclusive and supportive that inspires and engenders optimism in the minds of people. In contrast to identifying and censoring negative speech patterns, hope speech detection is focussed on recognising and promoting positive speech patterns online. In this paper, we report an overview of the findings and results from the shared task on hope speech detection for Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, English and Spanish languages conducted in the second workshop on Language Technology for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (LT-EDI-2022) organised as a part of ACL 2022. The participants were provided with annotated training & development datasets and unlabelled test datasets in all the five languages. The goal of the shared task is to classify the given sentences into one of the two hope speech classes. The performances of the systems submitted by the participants were evaluated in terms of micro-F1 score and weighted-F1 score. The datasets for this challenge are openly available

2020

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Detecting Negation Cues and Scopes in Spanish
Salud María Jiménez-Zafra | Roser Morante | Eduardo Blanco | María Teresa Martín Valdivia | L. Alfonso Ureña López
Proceedings of the Twelfth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference

In this work we address the processing of negation in Spanish. We first present a machine learning system that processes negation in Spanish. Specifically, we focus on two tasks: i) negation cue detection and ii) scope identification. The corpus used in the experimental framework is the SFU Corpus. The results for cue detection outperform state-of-the-art results, whereas for scope detection this is the first system that performs the task for Spanish. Moreover, we provide a qualitative error analysis aimed at understanding the limitations of the system and showing which negation cues and scopes are straightforward to predict automatically, and which ones are challenging.

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Corpora Annotated with Negation: An Overview
Salud María Jiménez-Zafra | Roser Morante | María Teresa Martín-Valdivia | L. Alfonso Ureña-López
Computational Linguistics, Volume 46, Issue 1 - March 2020

Negation is a universal linguistic phenomenon with a great qualitative impact on natural language processing applications. The availability of corpora annotated with negation is essential to training negation processing systems. Currently, most corpora have been annotated for English, but the presence of languages other than English on the Internet, such as Chinese or Spanish, is greater every day. In this study, we present a review of the corpora annotated with negation information in several languages with the goal of evaluating what aspects of negation have been annotated and how compatible the corpora are. We conclude that it is very difficult to merge the existing corpora because we found differences in the annotation schemes used, and most importantly, in the annotation guidelines: the way in which each corpus was tokenized and the negation elements that have been annotated. Differently than for other well established tasks like semantic role labeling or parsing, for negation there is no standard annotation scheme nor guidelines, which hampers progress in its treatment.

2019

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SINAI-DL at SemEval-2019 Task 5: Recurrent networks and data augmentation by paraphrasing
Arturo Montejo-Ráez | Salud María Jiménez-Zafra | Miguel A. García-Cumbreras | Manuel Carlos Díaz-Galiano
Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation

This paper describes the participation of the SINAI-DL team at Task 5 in SemEval 2019, called HatEval. We have applied some classic neural network layers, like word embeddings and LSTM, to build a neural classifier for both proposed tasks. Due to the small amount of training data provided compared to what is expected for an adequate learning stage in deep architectures, we explore the use of paraphrasing tools as source for data augmentation. Our results show that this method is promising, as some improvement has been found over non-augmented training sets.

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SINAI-DL at SemEval-2019 Task 7: Data Augmentation and Temporal Expressions
Miguel A. García-Cumbreras | Salud María Jiménez-Zafra | Arturo Montejo-Ráez | Manuel Carlos Díaz-Galiano | Estela Saquete
Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation

This paper describes the participation of the SINAI-DL team at RumourEval (Task 7 in SemEval 2019, subtask A: SDQC). SDQC addresses the challenge of rumour stance classification as an indirect way of identifying potential rumours. Given a tweet with several replies, our system classifies each reply into either supporting, denying, questioning or commenting on the underlying rumours. We have applied data augmentation, temporal expressions labelling and transfer learning with a four-layer neural classifier. We achieve an accuracy of 0.715 with the official run over reply tweets.

2018

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A review of Spanish corpora annotated with negation
Salud María Jiménez-Zafra | Roser Morante | Maite Martin | L. Alfonso Ureña-López
Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics

The availability of corpora annotated with negation information is essential to develop negation processing systems in any language. However, there is a lack of these corpora even for languages like English, and when there are corpora available they are small and the annotations are not always compatible across corpora. In this paper we review the existing corpora annotated with negation in Spanish with the purpose of first, gathering the information to make it available for other researchers and, second, analyzing how compatible are the corpora and how has the linguistic phenomenon been addressed. Our final aim is to develop a supervised negation processing system for Spanish, for which we need training and test data. Our analysis shows that it will not be possible to merge the small corpora existing for Spanish due to lack of compatibility in the annotations.

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SINAI at SemEval-2018 Task 1: Emotion Recognition in Tweets
Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco | Salud María Jiménez-Zafra | Maite Martin | L. Alfonso Ureña-López
Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation

Emotion classification is a new task that combines several disciplines including Artificial Intelligence and Psychology, although Natural Language Processing is perhaps the most challenging area. In this paper, we describe our participation in SemEval-2018 Task1: Affect in Tweets. In particular, we have participated in EI-oc, EI-reg and E-c subtasks for English and Spanish languages.

2017

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SINAI at SemEval-2017 Task 4: User based classification
Salud María Jiménez-Zafra | Arturo Montejo-Ráez | Maite Martin | L. Alfonso Ureña-López
Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2017)

This document describes our participation in SemEval-2017 Task 4: Sentiment Analysis in Twitter. We have only reported results for subtask B - English, determining the polarity towards a topic on a two point scale (positive or negative sentiment). Our main contribution is the integration of user information in the classification process. A SVM model is trained with Word2Vec vectors from user’s tweets extracted from his timeline. The obtained results show that user-specific classifiers trained on tweets from user timeline can introduce noise as they are error prone because they are classified by an imperfect system. This encourages us to explore further integration of user information for author-based Sentiment Analysis.

2016

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Domain Adaptation of Polarity Lexicon combining Term Frequency and Bootstrapping
Salud María Jiménez-Zafra | Maite Martin | M. Dolores Molina-Gonzalez | L. Alfonso Ureña-López
Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis

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Problematic Cases in the Annotation of Negation in Spanish
Salud María Jiménez-Zafra | Maite Martin | L. Alfonso Ureña-López | Toni Martí | Mariona Taulé
Proceedings of the Workshop on Extra-Propositional Aspects of Meaning in Computational Linguistics (ExProM)

This paper presents the main sources of disagreement found during the annotation of the Spanish SFU Review Corpus with negation (SFU ReviewSP -NEG). Negation detection is a challenge in most of the task related to NLP, so the availability of corpora annotated with this phenomenon is essential in order to advance in tasks related to this area. A thorough analysis of the problems found during the annotation could help in the study of this phenomenon.

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SemEval-2016 Task 5: Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis
Maria Pontiki | Dimitris Galanis | Haris Papageorgiou | Ion Androutsopoulos | Suresh Manandhar | Mohammad AL-Smadi | Mahmoud Al-Ayyoub | Yanyan Zhao | Bing Qin | Orphée De Clercq | Véronique Hoste | Marianna Apidianaki | Xavier Tannier | Natalia Loukachevitch | Evgeniy Kotelnikov | Nuria Bel | Salud María Jiménez-Zafra | Gülşen Eryiğit
Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016)

2015

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A Multi-lingual Annotated Dataset for Aspect-Oriented Opinion Mining
Salud M. Jiménez Zafra | Giacomo Berardi | Andrea Esuli | Diego Marcheggiani | María Teresa Martín-Valdivia | Alejandro Moreo Fernández
Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing

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SINAI: Syntactic Approach for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis
Salud M. Jiménez-Zafra | Eugenio Martínez-Cámara | M. Teresa Martín-Valdivia | L. Alfonso Ureña-López
Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2015)

2014

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SINAI: Voting System for Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis
Salud María Jiménez-Zafra | Eugenio Martínez-Cámara | Maite Martin | L. Alfonso Ureña-López
Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2014)

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SINAI: Voting System for Twitter Sentiment Analysis
Eugenio Martínez-Cámara | Salud María Jiménez-Zafra | Maite Martin | L. Alfonso Ureña-López
Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2014)