SherLIiC: A Typed Event-Focused Lexical Inference Benchmark for Evaluating Natural Language Inference

Martin Schmitt, Hinrich Schütze


Abstract
We present SherLIiC, a testbed for lexical inference in context (LIiC), consisting of 3985 manually annotated inference rule candidates (InfCands), accompanied by (i) ~960k unlabeled InfCands, and (ii) ~190k typed textual relations between Freebase entities extracted from the large entity-linked corpus ClueWeb09. Each InfCand consists of one of these relations, expressed as a lemmatized dependency path, and two argument placeholders, each linked to one or more Freebase types. Due to our candidate selection process based on strong distributional evidence, SherLIiC is much harder than existing testbeds because distributional evidence is of little utility in the classification of InfCands. We also show that, due to its construction, many of SherLIiC’s correct InfCands are novel and missing from existing rule bases. We evaluate a large number of strong baselines on SherLIiC, ranging from semantic vector space models to state of the art neural models of natural language inference (NLI). We show that SherLIiC poses a tough challenge to existing NLI systems.
Anthology ID:
P19-1086
Volume:
Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Month:
July
Year:
2019
Address:
Florence, Italy
Editors:
Anna Korhonen, David Traum, Lluís Màrquez
Venue:
ACL
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
902–914
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/P19-1086
DOI:
10.18653/v1/P19-1086
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Martin Schmitt and Hinrich Schütze. 2019. SherLIiC: A Typed Event-Focused Lexical Inference Benchmark for Evaluating Natural Language Inference. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 902–914, Florence, Italy. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
SherLIiC: A Typed Event-Focused Lexical Inference Benchmark for Evaluating Natural Language Inference (Schmitt & Schütze, ACL 2019)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/P19-1086.pdf
Video:
 https://aclanthology.org/P19-1086.mp4
Code
 mnschmit/SherLIiC
Data
SherLIiCMultiNLISNLI