Multiword Expressions - Revision history

Pdturney: Reverted edits by Creek (talk) to last revision by Michells

2012-06-25T11:15:42Z

Reverted edits by Creek (talk) to last revision by Michells

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:15, 25 June 2012
Line 58:		Line 58:


	Nicoletta Calzolari et al.: [http://~~www~~.~~thai-sbobet~~.~~com sbo~~] (2002) in: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2002), pp. 1934–40.		Nicoletta Calzolari et al.: [http://gandalf.aksis.uib.no/lrec2002/pdf/259.pdf ''Towards Best Practice for Multiword Expressions in Computational Lexicons''] (2002) in: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2002), pp. 1934–40.

	Ray Jackendoff: ''The Architecture of the Language Faculty'' (1997), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.		Ray Jackendoff: ''The Architecture of the Language Faculty'' (1997), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Line 70:		Line 70:


	Eric Wehrli: [http://www.~~thai-sbobet~~.com ~~sbobet~~] (2000) in: LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, Vol. 1835, pp. 272-282.		Eric Wehrli: [http://www.springerlink.com/content/wkeg2pxg1kha5uq9/ ''Parsing and Collocations''] (2000) in: LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, Vol. 1835, pp. 272-282.

Creek at 08:36, 25 June 2012

2012-06-25T08:36:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:36, 25 June 2012
Line 58:		Line 58:


	Nicoletta Calzolari et al.: [http://~~gandalf~~.~~aksis~~.~~uib.no/lrec2002/pdf/259.pdf ''Towards Best Practice for Multiword Expressions in Computational Lexicons''~~] (2002) in: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2002), pp. 1934–40.		Nicoletta Calzolari et al.: [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo] (2002) in: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2002), pp. 1934–40.

	Ray Jackendoff: ''The Architecture of the Language Faculty'' (1997), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.		Ray Jackendoff: ''The Architecture of the Language Faculty'' (1997), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Line 70:		Line 70:


	Eric Wehrli: [http://www.~~springerlink~~.com~~/content/wkeg2pxg1kha5uq9/ ''Parsing and Collocations''~~] (2000) in: LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, Vol. 1835, pp. 272-282.		Eric Wehrli: [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet] (2000) in: LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, Vol. 1835, pp. 272-282.

Michells at 15:44, 22 June 2011

2011-06-22T15:44:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:44, 22 June 2011
Line 2:		Line 2:
	MWEs can be regarded as lying at the interface of grammar and lexicon, usually being instances of well productive syntactic patterns but nevertheless showing a peculiar lexical behaviour.<ref>Calzolari et al. (2002), p. 1934.</ref>		MWEs can be regarded as lying at the interface of grammar and lexicon, usually being instances of well productive syntactic patterns but nevertheless showing a peculiar lexical behaviour.<ref>Calzolari et al. (2002), p. 1934.</ref>

	Besides, they are ~~communly~~ used in any field of language – Jackendoff<ref> cf. Jackendoff (1997).</ref> estimates the number of MWEs in a speaker's lexicon as comparable to the number of single words. Examples for MWEs would be idioms as „kick the bucket“, compound nouns as „telephone box“ and „post office“, verb-particle constructions as „look sth. up“ or proper names as „San Francisco“. Due to the high frequency of MWEs there is a growing awareness in the NLP ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing Natural Language Processing]) community for the problems they pose.		Besides, they are commonly used in any field of language – Jackendoff<ref> cf. Jackendoff (1997).</ref> estimates the number of MWEs in a speaker's lexicon as comparable to the number of single words. Examples for MWEs would be idioms as „kick the bucket“, compound nouns as „telephone box“ and „post office“, verb-particle constructions as „look sth. up“ or proper names as „San Francisco“. Due to the high frequency of MWEs there is a growing awareness in the NLP ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing Natural Language Processing]) community for the problems they pose.

	{{stub}}		{{stub}}

Chrissie at 10:29, 2 December 2010

2010-12-02T10:29:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:29, 2 December 2010
Line 10:		Line 10:


	MWEs can be split up in '''lexicalized phrases''' which have at least in part idiosyncratic syntax or pragmatics, and '''institutionalized phrases''' which are syntactically and semantically compositional. Lexicalized phrases can be further subclassified into '''fixed expressions''', '''semi-fixed expressions''' and '''syntactically flexible expressions'''.<ref>The article follows the schema of classification that is proposed in Sag et al. (2002). Most of the examples are taken from their article~~, too~~.</ref>		MWEs can be split up in '''lexicalized phrases''' which have at least in part idiosyncratic syntax or pragmatics, and '''institutionalized phrases''' which are syntactically and semantically compositional. Lexicalized phrases can be further subclassified into '''fixed expressions''', '''semi-fixed expressions''' and '''syntactically flexible expressions'''.<ref>The article follows the schema of classification that is proposed in Sag et al. (2002). Most of the examples are taken from their article as well.</ref>

Chrissie at 09:17, 2 December 2010

2010-12-02T09:17:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:17, 2 December 2010
Line 47:		Line 47:
	Institutionalized phrases are conventionalized phrases, such as ''salt and pepper'', ''traffic light'' and ''to kindle excitement''. They are semantically and syntactically compositional, but statistically idiosyncratic. Regarding the phrase ''traffic light'', ''traffic'' and ''light'' both retain simpex senses but produce a compositional reading by combining constructionally.		Institutionalized phrases are conventionalized phrases, such as ''salt and pepper'', ''traffic light'' and ''to kindle excitement''. They are semantically and syntactically compositional, but statistically idiosyncratic. Regarding the phrase ''traffic light'', ''traffic'' and ''light'' both retain simpex senses but produce a compositional reading by combining constructionally.

	== 2 Problems for NLP ==		== Problems for NLP ==

	One problem that occurs in NLP given that MWEs are treated by general, compositional methods of linguistic analysis is the '''overgeneration''' problem. A system could deduce from given expressions other putatively possible expressions that are equivalent in meaning but do not exist due to a lack of institutionalization. "A generation system that is uniformed about both the patterns of compounding and the particular collocational frequency of the relevant dialect would correctly generate ''telephone booth'' (American) or ''telephone box'' (British/Australian), but might also generate such perfectly compositional, but unacceptable examples as ''telephone cabinet'', ''telephone closet'', etc."<ref>Sag et al. (2002), p. 2.</ref>		One problem that occurs in NLP given that MWEs are treated by general, compositional methods of linguistic analysis is the '''overgeneration''' problem. A system could deduce from given expressions other putatively possible expressions that are equivalent in meaning but do not exist due to a lack of institutionalization. "A generation system that is uniformed about both the patterns of compounding and the particular collocational frequency of the relevant dialect would correctly generate ''telephone booth'' (American) or ''telephone box'' (British/Australian), but might also generate such perfectly compositional, but unacceptable examples as ''telephone cabinet'', ''telephone closet'', etc."<ref>Sag et al. (2002), p. 2.</ref>

Chrissie at 09:16, 2 December 2010

2010-12-02T09:16:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:16, 2 December 2010
Line 7:		Line 7:


	== 1 Classification of MWEs ==		== Classification of MWEs ==

Chrissie at 09:15, 2 December 2010

2010-12-02T09:15:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:15, 2 December 2010
Line 7:		Line 7:


	== 2 Classification of MWEs ==		== 1 Classification of MWEs ==


Line 13:		Line 13:


	'''2.1 Fixed expressions'''		'''1.1 Fixed expressions'''

	Fixed expressions are fully lexicalized and can neither be variated morphosyntactically nor modificated internally. Examples for fixed expressions are: ''in short'', ''by and large'', ''every which way''. They are fixed, as you cannot say ''in shorter'' or ''in very short.''		Fixed expressions are fully lexicalized and can neither be variated morphosyntactically nor modificated internally. Examples for fixed expressions are: ''in short'', ''by and large'', ''every which way''. They are fixed, as you cannot say ''in shorter'' or ''in very short.''


	'''2.2 Semi-fixed expressions		'''1.2 Semi-fixed expressions
	'''		'''

Line 31:		Line 31:


	'''2.3 Syntactically-Flexible Expressions'''		'''1.3 Syntactically-Flexible Expressions'''

	Syntactically-flexible expressions have a wider range of syntactic variability than semi-fixed expressions. They occur in the form of '''decomposable idioms''', '''verb-particle constructions''' and '''light verbs'''.		Syntactically-flexible expressions have a wider range of syntactic variability than semi-fixed expressions. They occur in the form of '''decomposable idioms''', '''verb-particle constructions''' and '''light verbs'''.
Line 43:		Line 43:


	'''2.4 Institutionalized Phrases'''		'''1.4 Institutionalized Phrases'''

	Institutionalized phrases are conventionalized phrases, such as ''salt and pepper'', ''traffic light'' and ''to kindle excitement''. They are semantically and syntactically compositional, but statistically idiosyncratic. Regarding the phrase ''traffic light'', ''traffic'' and ''light'' both retain simpex senses but produce a compositional reading by combining constructionally.		Institutionalized phrases are conventionalized phrases, such as ''salt and pepper'', ''traffic light'' and ''to kindle excitement''. They are semantically and syntactically compositional, but statistically idiosyncratic. Regarding the phrase ''traffic light'', ''traffic'' and ''light'' both retain simpex senses but produce a compositional reading by combining constructionally.

	== 3 Problems for NLP ==		== 2 Problems for NLP ==

	One problem that occurs in NLP given that MWEs are treated by general, compositional methods of linguistic analysis is the '''overgeneration''' problem. A system could deduce from given expressions other putatively possible expressions that are equivalent in meaning but do not exist due to a lack of institutionalization. "A generation system that is uniformed about both the patterns of compounding and the particular collocational frequency of the relevant dialect would correctly generate ''telephone booth'' (American) or ''telephone box'' (British/Australian), but might also generate such perfectly compositional, but unacceptable examples as ''telephone cabinet'', ''telephone closet'', etc."<ref>Sag et al. (2002), p. 2.</ref>		One problem that occurs in NLP given that MWEs are treated by general, compositional methods of linguistic analysis is the '''overgeneration''' problem. A system could deduce from given expressions other putatively possible expressions that are equivalent in meaning but do not exist due to a lack of institutionalization. "A generation system that is uniformed about both the patterns of compounding and the particular collocational frequency of the relevant dialect would correctly generate ''telephone booth'' (American) or ''telephone box'' (British/Australian), but might also generate such perfectly compositional, but unacceptable examples as ''telephone cabinet'', ''telephone closet'', etc."<ref>Sag et al. (2002), p. 2.</ref>

Chrissie: /* 2 Classification of MWEs */

2010-12-01T23:37:23Z

2 Classification of MWEs

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:37, 1 December 2010
Line 10:		Line 10:


	MWEs can be split up in '''lexicalized phrases''' which have at least in part idiosyncratic syntax or pragmatics, and '''institutionalized phrases''' which are syntactically and semantically compositional. Lexicalized phrases can be further subclassified into '''fixed expressions''', '''semi-fixed expressions''' and '''syntactically flexible expressions'''.<ref>The article follows the schema of classification that is proposed in Sag et al. (2002).</ref>		MWEs can be split up in '''lexicalized phrases''' which have at least in part idiosyncratic syntax or pragmatics, and '''institutionalized phrases''' which are syntactically and semantically compositional. Lexicalized phrases can be further subclassified into '''fixed expressions''', '''semi-fixed expressions''' and '''syntactically flexible expressions'''.<ref>The article follows the schema of classification that is proposed in Sag et al. (2002). Most of the examples are taken from their article, too.</ref>


Line 46:		Line 46:

	Institutionalized phrases are conventionalized phrases, such as ''salt and pepper'', ''traffic light'' and ''to kindle excitement''. They are semantically and syntactically compositional, but statistically idiosyncratic. Regarding the phrase ''traffic light'', ''traffic'' and ''light'' both retain simpex senses but produce a compositional reading by combining constructionally.		Institutionalized phrases are conventionalized phrases, such as ''salt and pepper'', ''traffic light'' and ''to kindle excitement''. They are semantically and syntactically compositional, but statistically idiosyncratic. Regarding the phrase ''traffic light'', ''traffic'' and ''light'' both retain simpex senses but produce a compositional reading by combining constructionally.


	== 3 Problems for NLP ==		== 3 Problems for NLP ==

Chrissie at 23:35, 1 December 2010

2010-12-01T23:35:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:35, 1 December 2010
Line 2:		Line 2:
	MWEs can be regarded as lying at the interface of grammar and lexicon, usually being instances of well productive syntactic patterns but nevertheless showing a peculiar lexical behaviour.<ref>Calzolari et al. (2002), p. 1934.</ref>		MWEs can be regarded as lying at the interface of grammar and lexicon, usually being instances of well productive syntactic patterns but nevertheless showing a peculiar lexical behaviour.<ref>Calzolari et al. (2002), p. 1934.</ref>

	Besides, they are communly used in any field of language – Jackendoff<ref> cf.Jackendoff(1997).</ref> estimates the number of MWEs in a speaker's lexicon as comparable to the number of single words. Examples for MWEs would be idioms as „kick the bucket“, compound nouns as „telephone box“ and „post office“, verb-particle constructions as „look sth. up“ or proper names as „San Francisco“. Due to the high frequency of MWEs there is a growing awareness in the NLP ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing Natural Language Processing]) community for the problems they pose.		Besides, they are communly used in any field of language – Jackendoff<ref> cf. Jackendoff (1997).</ref> estimates the number of MWEs in a speaker's lexicon as comparable to the number of single words. Examples for MWEs would be idioms as „kick the bucket“, compound nouns as „telephone box“ and „post office“, verb-particle constructions as „look sth. up“ or proper names as „San Francisco“. Due to the high frequency of MWEs there is a growing awareness in the NLP ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing Natural Language Processing]) community for the problems they pose.

	{{stub}}		{{stub}}

Chrissie at 23:34, 1 December 2010

2010-12-01T23:34:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:34, 1 December 2010
Line 2:		Line 2:
	MWEs can be regarded as lying at the interface of grammar and lexicon, usually being instances of well productive syntactic patterns but nevertheless showing a peculiar lexical behaviour.<ref>Calzolari et al. (2002), p. 1934.</ref>		MWEs can be regarded as lying at the interface of grammar and lexicon, usually being instances of well productive syntactic patterns but nevertheless showing a peculiar lexical behaviour.<ref>Calzolari et al. (2002), p. 1934.</ref>

	Besides, they are communly used in any field of language – Jackendoff<ref>~~Ray~~ Jackendoff~~: ''The Architecture of the Language Faculty''~~ (1997)~~, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press~~.		Besides, they are communly used in any field of language – Jackendoff<ref> cf.Jackendoff(1997).</ref> estimates the number of MWEs in a speaker's lexicon as comparable to the number of single words. Examples for MWEs would be idioms as „kick the bucket“, compound nouns as „telephone box“ and „post office“, verb-particle constructions as „look sth. up“ or proper names as „San Francisco“. Due to the high frequency of MWEs there is a growing awareness in the NLP ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing Natural Language Processing]) community for the problems they pose.
	</ref> estimates the number of MWEs in a speaker's lexicon as comparable to the number of single words. Examples for MWEs would be idioms as „kick the bucket“, compound nouns as „telephone box“ and „post office“, verb-particle constructions as „look sth. up“ or proper names as „San Francisco“. Due to the high frequency of MWEs there is a growing awareness in the NLP ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing Natural Language Processing]) community for the problems they pose.

	{{stub}}		{{stub}}