https://aclweb.org/aclwiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Jasonbaldridge&feedformat=atomACL Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T21:47:52ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.2https://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Conference_acceptance_rates&diff=8127Conference acceptance rates2010-09-15T18:58:49Z<p>Jasonbaldridge: /* CONLL */</p>
<hr />
<div>==[[ACL]]==<br />
<br />
=== Main Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1998</td><br />
<td>550</td><br />
<td>137</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>267</td><br />
<td>70</td><br />
<td>26.2%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2001</td><br />
<td>260</td><br />
<td>69</td><br />
<td>27%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2002</td><br />
<td>256</td><br />
<td>66</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>360</td><br />
<td>71</td><br />
<td>20%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>348</td><br />
<td>88</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>423</td><br />
<td>77</td><br />
<td>18%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>630</td><br />
<td>147</td><br />
<td>23%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>588</td><br />
<td>131</td><br />
<td>22.3%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>470</td><br />
<td>119</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>569</td><br />
<td>121</td><br />
<td>21%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2010</td><br />
<td>638</td><br />
<td>160</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
=== Student Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1992</td><br />
<td>48</td><br />
<td>20</td><br />
<td>42%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1993</td><br />
<td>30</td><br />
<td>11</td><br />
<td>37%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1994</td><br />
<td>41</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1995</td><br />
<td>48</td><br />
<td>19</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1996</td><br />
<td>32</td><br />
<td>14</td><br />
<td>44%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1997</td><br />
<td>42</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1998</td><br />
<td>46</td><br />
<td>12</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1999</td><br />
<td>30</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>33%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>36</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>28%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>70</td><br />
<td>26</td><br />
<td>37%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>40</td><br />
<td>15</td><br />
<td>38%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>52</td><br />
<td>16</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>27</td><br />
<td>12</td><br />
<td>44%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>25</td><br />
<td>12</td><br />
<td>48%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
=== Posters/Short Papers ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>56</td><br />
<td>31</td><br />
<td>55%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>630</td><br />
<td>125</td><br />
<td>20%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>356</td><br />
<td>93</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
==[[CICLing]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>??</td><br />
<td>29</td><br />
<td>??</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2001</td><br />
<td>72</td><br />
<td>41</td><br />
<td>57%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2002</td><br />
<td>67</td><br />
<td>35</td><br />
<td>52%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>92</td><br />
<td>43</td><br />
<td>46%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>129</td><br />
<td>40</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>151</td><br />
<td>53</td><br />
<td>35%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>176</td><br />
<td>43</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>179</td><br />
<td>53</td><br />
<td>29%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
==[[COLING]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1998</td><br />
<td>550</td><br />
<td>137</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>323</td><br />
<td>110</td><br />
<td>34%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>630</td><br />
<td>147</td><br />
<td>23%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>600</td><br />
<td>145</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
==[[CONLL]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>35</td><br />
<td>17</td><br />
<td>48.6%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>23</td><br />
<td>11</td><br />
<td>47.8%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>70</td><br />
<td>19</td><br />
<td>27%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
==[[EACL]]==<br />
<br />
=== Main Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>?</td><br />
<td>?</td><br />
<td>26.5%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>264</td><br />
<td>52</td><br />
<td>20%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>360</td><br />
<td>100</td><br />
<td>28%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
=== Student Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1993</td><br />
<td>34</td><br />
<td>6</td><br />
<td>18%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1995</td><br />
<td>37</td><br />
<td>8</td><br />
<td>22%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1997</td><br />
<td>42</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><tr><br />
<td>1999</td><br />
<td>17</td><br />
<td>8</td><br />
<td>47%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>18</td><br />
<td>6</td><br />
<td>33.3%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>33</td><br />
<td>9</td><br />
<td>27%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>38</td><br />
<td>11</td><br />
<td>29%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
==[[EMNLP]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1997</td><br />
<td>??</td><br />
<td>??</td><br />
<td>35%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2002</td><br />
<td>142</td><br />
<td>35</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>???</td><br />
<td>28</td><br />
<td>??%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>247</td><br />
<td>58</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>402</td><br />
<td>127</td><br />
<td>32%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>234</td><br />
<td>73</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>398</td><br />
<td>109</td><br />
<td>27%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>385</td><br />
<td>116</td><br />
<td>30%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>475</td><br />
<td>163</td><br />
<td>34%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
==[[HLT-NAACL]]==<br />
<br />
=== Main Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>166</td><br />
<td>43</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2001</td><br />
<td>110</td><br />
<td>31</td><br />
<td>28%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2002</td><br />
<td>141</td><br />
<td>28</td><br />
<td>20%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>162</td><br />
<td>37</td><br />
<td>23%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>168</td><br />
<td>43</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>402</td><br />
<td>127</td><br />
<td>32%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>257</td><br />
<td>62</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>298</td><br />
<td>72</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>470</td><br />
<td>119</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>260</td><br />
<td>75</td><br />
<td>29%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
=== Student Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>29</td><br />
<td>17</td><br />
<td>59%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
==[[IJCNLP]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>211</td><br />
<td>66</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>289</td><br />
<td>90</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>270</td><br />
<td>75</td><br />
<td>28%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>569</td><br />
<td>121</td><br />
<td>21%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conferences]]</div>Jasonbaldridgehttps://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Conference_acceptance_rates&diff=8126Conference acceptance rates2010-09-15T18:55:03Z<p>Jasonbaldridge: /* Main Session */</p>
<hr />
<div>==[[ACL]]==<br />
<br />
=== Main Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1998</td><br />
<td>550</td><br />
<td>137</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>267</td><br />
<td>70</td><br />
<td>26.2%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2001</td><br />
<td>260</td><br />
<td>69</td><br />
<td>27%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2002</td><br />
<td>256</td><br />
<td>66</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>360</td><br />
<td>71</td><br />
<td>20%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>348</td><br />
<td>88</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>423</td><br />
<td>77</td><br />
<td>18%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>630</td><br />
<td>147</td><br />
<td>23%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>588</td><br />
<td>131</td><br />
<td>22.3%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>470</td><br />
<td>119</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>569</td><br />
<td>121</td><br />
<td>21%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2010</td><br />
<td>638</td><br />
<td>160</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
=== Student Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1992</td><br />
<td>48</td><br />
<td>20</td><br />
<td>42%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1993</td><br />
<td>30</td><br />
<td>11</td><br />
<td>37%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1994</td><br />
<td>41</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1995</td><br />
<td>48</td><br />
<td>19</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1996</td><br />
<td>32</td><br />
<td>14</td><br />
<td>44%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1997</td><br />
<td>42</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1998</td><br />
<td>46</td><br />
<td>12</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1999</td><br />
<td>30</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>33%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>36</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>28%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>70</td><br />
<td>26</td><br />
<td>37%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>40</td><br />
<td>15</td><br />
<td>38%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>52</td><br />
<td>16</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>27</td><br />
<td>12</td><br />
<td>44%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>25</td><br />
<td>12</td><br />
<td>48%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
=== Posters/Short Papers ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>56</td><br />
<td>31</td><br />
<td>55%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>630</td><br />
<td>125</td><br />
<td>20%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>356</td><br />
<td>93</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
==[[CICLing]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>??</td><br />
<td>29</td><br />
<td>??</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2001</td><br />
<td>72</td><br />
<td>41</td><br />
<td>57%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2002</td><br />
<td>67</td><br />
<td>35</td><br />
<td>52%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>92</td><br />
<td>43</td><br />
<td>46%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>129</td><br />
<td>40</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>151</td><br />
<td>53</td><br />
<td>35%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>176</td><br />
<td>43</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>179</td><br />
<td>53</td><br />
<td>29%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
==[[COLING]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1998</td><br />
<td>550</td><br />
<td>137</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>323</td><br />
<td>110</td><br />
<td>34%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>630</td><br />
<td>147</td><br />
<td>23%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>600</td><br />
<td>145</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
==[[CONLL]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>23</td><br />
<td>11</td><br />
<td>47.8%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>70</td><br />
<td>19</td><br />
<td>27%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
==[[EACL]]==<br />
<br />
=== Main Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>?</td><br />
<td>?</td><br />
<td>26.5%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>264</td><br />
<td>52</td><br />
<td>20%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>360</td><br />
<td>100</td><br />
<td>28%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
=== Student Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1993</td><br />
<td>34</td><br />
<td>6</td><br />
<td>18%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1995</td><br />
<td>37</td><br />
<td>8</td><br />
<td>22%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1997</td><br />
<td>42</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><tr><br />
<td>1999</td><br />
<td>17</td><br />
<td>8</td><br />
<td>47%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>18</td><br />
<td>6</td><br />
<td>33.3%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>33</td><br />
<td>9</td><br />
<td>27%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>38</td><br />
<td>11</td><br />
<td>29%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
==[[EMNLP]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1997</td><br />
<td>??</td><br />
<td>??</td><br />
<td>35%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2002</td><br />
<td>142</td><br />
<td>35</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>???</td><br />
<td>28</td><br />
<td>??%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>247</td><br />
<td>58</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>402</td><br />
<td>127</td><br />
<td>32%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>234</td><br />
<td>73</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>398</td><br />
<td>109</td><br />
<td>27%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>385</td><br />
<td>116</td><br />
<td>30%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>475</td><br />
<td>163</td><br />
<td>34%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
==[[HLT-NAACL]]==<br />
<br />
=== Main Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>166</td><br />
<td>43</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2001</td><br />
<td>110</td><br />
<td>31</td><br />
<td>28%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2002</td><br />
<td>141</td><br />
<td>28</td><br />
<td>20%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>162</td><br />
<td>37</td><br />
<td>23%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>168</td><br />
<td>43</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>402</td><br />
<td>127</td><br />
<td>32%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>257</td><br />
<td>62</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>298</td><br />
<td>72</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>470</td><br />
<td>119</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>260</td><br />
<td>75</td><br />
<td>29%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
=== Student Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>29</td><br />
<td>17</td><br />
<td>59%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
==[[IJCNLP]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>211</td><br />
<td>66</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>289</td><br />
<td>90</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>270</td><br />
<td>75</td><br />
<td>28%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>569</td><br />
<td>121</td><br />
<td>21%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conferences]]</div>Jasonbaldridgehttps://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Conference_acceptance_rates&diff=8122Conference acceptance rates2010-09-08T17:10:53Z<p>Jasonbaldridge: /* Main Session */</p>
<hr />
<div>==[[ACL]]==<br />
<br />
=== Main Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1998</td><br />
<td>550</td><br />
<td>137</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>267</td><br />
<td>70</td><br />
<td>26.2%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2001</td><br />
<td>260</td><br />
<td>69</td><br />
<td>27%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2002</td><br />
<td>256</td><br />
<td>66</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>360</td><br />
<td>71</td><br />
<td>20%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>348</td><br />
<td>88</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>423</td><br />
<td>77</td><br />
<td>18%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>630</td><br />
<td>147</td><br />
<td>23%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>588</td><br />
<td>131</td><br />
<td>22.3%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>470</td><br />
<td>119</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>569</td><br />
<td>121</td><br />
<td>21%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2010</td><br />
<td>638</td><br />
<td>160</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
=== Student Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1992</td><br />
<td>48</td><br />
<td>20</td><br />
<td>42%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1993</td><br />
<td>30</td><br />
<td>11</td><br />
<td>37%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1994</td><br />
<td>41</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1995</td><br />
<td>48</td><br />
<td>19</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1996</td><br />
<td>32</td><br />
<td>14</td><br />
<td>44%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1997</td><br />
<td>42</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1998</td><br />
<td>46</td><br />
<td>12</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1999</td><br />
<td>30</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>33%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>36</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>28%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>70</td><br />
<td>26</td><br />
<td>37%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>40</td><br />
<td>15</td><br />
<td>38%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>52</td><br />
<td>16</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>27</td><br />
<td>12</td><br />
<td>44%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>25</td><br />
<td>12</td><br />
<td>48%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
=== Posters/Short Papers ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>56</td><br />
<td>31</td><br />
<td>55%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>630</td><br />
<td>125</td><br />
<td>20%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>356</td><br />
<td>93</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
==[[CICLing]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>??</td><br />
<td>29</td><br />
<td>??</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2001</td><br />
<td>72</td><br />
<td>41</td><br />
<td>57%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2002</td><br />
<td>67</td><br />
<td>35</td><br />
<td>52%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>92</td><br />
<td>43</td><br />
<td>46%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>129</td><br />
<td>40</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>151</td><br />
<td>53</td><br />
<td>35%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>176</td><br />
<td>43</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>179</td><br />
<td>53</td><br />
<td>29%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
==[[COLING]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1998</td><br />
<td>550</td><br />
<td>137</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>323</td><br />
<td>110</td><br />
<td>34%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>630</td><br />
<td>147</td><br />
<td>23%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>600</td><br />
<td>145</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
==[[CONLL]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>23</td><br />
<td>11</td><br />
<td>47.8%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>70</td><br />
<td>19</td><br />
<td>27%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
==[[EACL]]==<br />
<br />
=== Main Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>264</td><br />
<td>52</td><br />
<td>20%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>360</td><br />
<td>100</td><br />
<td>28%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
=== Student Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1993</td><br />
<td>34</td><br />
<td>6</td><br />
<td>18%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1995</td><br />
<td>37</td><br />
<td>8</td><br />
<td>22%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1997</td><br />
<td>42</td><br />
<td>10</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><tr><br />
<td>1999</td><br />
<td>17</td><br />
<td>8</td><br />
<td>47%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>18</td><br />
<td>6</td><br />
<td>33.3%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>33</td><br />
<td>9</td><br />
<td>27%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>38</td><br />
<td>11</td><br />
<td>29%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
==[[EMNLP]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>1997</td><br />
<td>??</td><br />
<td>??</td><br />
<td>35%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2002</td><br />
<td>142</td><br />
<td>35</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>???</td><br />
<td>28</td><br />
<td>??%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>247</td><br />
<td>58</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>402</td><br />
<td>127</td><br />
<td>32%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>234</td><br />
<td>73</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>398</td><br />
<td>109</td><br />
<td>27%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>385</td><br />
<td>116</td><br />
<td>30%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>475</td><br />
<td>163</td><br />
<td>34%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
==[[HLT-NAACL]]==<br />
<br />
=== Main Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2000</td><br />
<td>166</td><br />
<td>43</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2001</td><br />
<td>110</td><br />
<td>31</td><br />
<td>28%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2002</td><br />
<td>141</td><br />
<td>28</td><br />
<td>20%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2003</td><br />
<td>162</td><br />
<td>37</td><br />
<td>23%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>168</td><br />
<td>43</td><br />
<td>26%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>402</td><br />
<td>127</td><br />
<td>32%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2006</td><br />
<td>257</td><br />
<td>62</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2007</td><br />
<td>298</td><br />
<td>72</td><br />
<td>24%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>470</td><br />
<td>119</td><br />
<td>25%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>260</td><br />
<td>75</td><br />
<td>29%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
=== Student Session ===<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>29</td><br />
<td>17</td><br />
<td>59%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
==[[IJCNLP]]==<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="20%"><br />
<tr><br />
<th>Year</th><br />
<th>Submitted</th><br />
<th>Accepted</th><br />
<th>Rate</th><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2004</td><br />
<td>211</td><br />
<td>66</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr> <br />
<td>2005</td><br />
<td>289</td><br />
<td>90</td><br />
<td>31%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2008</td><br />
<td>270</td><br />
<td>75</td><br />
<td>28%</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td>2009</td><br />
<td>569</td><br />
<td>121</td><br />
<td>21%</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conferences]]</div>Jasonbaldridgehttps://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=List_of_NLP/CL_courses&diff=5648List of NLP/CL courses2008-08-27T18:48:40Z<p>Jasonbaldridge: Updated UT Austin courses and webpages</p>
<hr />
<div>This page lists university courses that contain substantial content in [[Natural Language Processing]] and [[Computational Linguistics]], and is derived from a [http://www.clt.mq.edu.au/survey/ survey]<br />
sponsored by the [[Association for Computational Linguistics]].<br />
Courses are categorized by level (undergraduate, graduate, or both)<br />
and programming language. The final column gives the year when the<br />
information was confirmed to be accurate. (Entries more than five years<br />
old, and entries with broken hyperlinks, may be culled.)<br />
<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 style="border-collapse: collapse;"<br />
! Country !! Institution !! Course Name !! Level !! Languages !! Datestamp<br />
|-<br />
|Australia ||Macquarie University ||[http://www.comp.mq.edu.au/units/comp248/ Introduction to Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||Prolog ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Australia ||Macquarie University ||[http://www.comp.mq.edu.au/units/comp348/ Document Processing and the Semantic Web ] ||Undergraduate ||Python ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Australia ||Macquarie University ||[http://www.comp.mq.edu.au/units/comp349/ Spoken Language Dialogue Systems] ||Undergraduate ||Prolog ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Australia ||University of Melbourne ||[http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/460/ Human Language Technology ] ||Undergraduate ||Python ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Australia ||University of Melbourne ||[http://webraft.its.unimelb.edu.au/175410/pub/ Computational Linguistics ] ||Undergraduate ||Python ||2006<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|Australia ||University of Sydney ||Statistical Natural Language Processing ||Graduate ||Python ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Austria ||University of Vienna ||Wissensbasierte Sprachverarbeitung ||Graduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Belarus ||Grodno State University ||Introduction to Computational Linguistics ||Undergraduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Belgium ||Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (K.U.Leuven) ||[http://www.kuleuven.be/onderwijs/aanbod2006/syllabi/H02C8AE.htm Text Based Information Retrieval] ||Both || Java, C, MATLAB ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Belgium ||University of Antwerp (UA) ||[http://www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=walter.daelemans&n=17&ct=ood2006e&e=607&detail=BLGERM01O33010 Computational Linguistics] ||Both || Python ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Belgium ||University of Antwerp (UA) ||[http://www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=walter.daelemans&n=17&ct=ood2006e&e=607&detail=BLGERM01O33060 Programming for Artificial Intelligence and Computational Linguistics ] ||Both ||Lisp ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Belgium ||University of Antwerp (UA) ||[http://www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=walter.daelemans&n=17&ct=ood2006e&e=607&detail=BLGERM01O33020 Language Technology ] ||Both || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Brazil ||Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina || Lingüística Computacional ||Graduate ||Perl Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Brazil ||Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina || Lingüística Computacional I/II ||Undergraduate ||Perl Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Brazil ||Universidade Federal de São Carlos ||Topics on Informatics (Introduction on NLP) ||Graduate ||C C++ Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Brazil ||Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) || Tecnologias da Linguagem Humana|| Undergraduate ||Prolog||2005<br />
|-<br />
|Brazil ||Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) || Processamento Automático de Línguas Naturais ||Graduate ||Prolog ||2005<br />
|-<br />
|Canada ||Concordia University ||Statistical Language Processing ||Graduate || Java C++ Perl ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Canada ||Simon Fraser University ||[http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~anoop/courses/CMPT-413-Spring-2005/index.html Computational Linguistics ] || Undergraduate ||Perl ||2005<br />
|-<br />
|Canada ||Simon Fraser University ||[http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~anoop/courses/CMPT-825-Spring-2006/index.html Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate ||Perl ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Canada ||Simon Fraser University ||[http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~anoop/courses/CMPT-882-Fall-2002/index.html Statistical Learning of Natural Language ] ||Graduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Canada ||Université de Montréal ||Grammaires formelles ||Undergraduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Canada ||Université de Montréal ||Indexation et condensation automatiques ||Graduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Canada ||Université de Montréal ||Morphologie computationnelle ||Graduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Canada ||Université. de Montréal ||Syntaxe computationnelle ||Graduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Canada ||University of Alberta || [http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~kondrak/cmput650 Natural Language Processing ]||Graduate ||Perl ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Canada ||University of Montreal ||Computational Linguistics ||Graduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Canada ||University of Ottawa ||[http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~szpak/teaching/5386/ Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate || Prolog Perl||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Canada ||University of Toronto ||[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~suzanne/2501/index.html Computational Linguistics] ||Both||C++ ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Canada ||University of Toronto ||[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~gpenn/csc401 Natural Language Computing ] ||Both ||Python ||2008<br />
|-<br />
|Canada ||University of Toronto ||[http://www.cs.utoronto.ca/~gh/Courses/2528/index.html Advanced computational linguistics ] ||Graduate || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|CHINA ||Nanjing Normal University || Statistical Natural Language Processing ||Graduate || C++ ||2007<br />
|-<br />
|CHINA ||Nanjing University || Machine Translation ||Graduate || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Costa Rica ||Universidad de Costa Rica ||[http://espanol.groups.yahoo.com/group/fl-1036/ Tecnologías y producción textual I ] ||Undergraduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Costa Rica ||Universidad de Costa Rica ||Tecnologías y producción textual ||Graduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Czech Republic ||Charles University ||[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~hajic/courses/pfl043/0203/syllabus.html Statistical methods in NLP ] ||Both ||Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Czech Republic ||Silesian University ||[http://ui.fpf.slu.cz/sylaby.html (BROKEN LINK) Natural Language Processing I/II ] ||Undergraduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Denmark ||University of Southern Denmark, Odense ||[http://visl.hum.sdu.dk/members/sharder/undervisning/compling02/ Introduction to Computational Linguistics ] ||Both ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Estonia ||University of Tartu ||[http://www.cs.ut.ee/~koit/ Computational Models in Language Understanding ] ||Both ||C++ ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Estonia ||University of Tartu ||[http://www.cs.ut.ee/~koit/ Introduction to Computational Linguistics ] ||Both ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Estonia ||University of Tartu ||[http://www.cs.ut.ee/~koit/ Mathematics for Computational Linguists II ] ||Undergraduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Finland ||Helsinki University of Technology ||[http://www.cis.hut.fi/Opinnot/T-61.6090/ Special Course in Language Technology ] || Graduate || || 2006<br />
|-<br />
|Finland ||Helsinki University of Technology ||[http://www.cis.hut.fi/Opinnot/T-61.5020/ Statistical and Adaptive Natural Language Processing ] || Both || || 2006<br />
|-<br />
|Germany ||Saarland University ||[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~hansu/gf02.html Grammar Formalisms ] ||Undergraduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Germany ||Saarland University ||[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~hansu/vlcl01.html Introduction to Computational Linguistics ] ||Undergraduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Germany ||Universität Tübingen ||Computational Linguistics 1: Parsing ||Undergraduate ||Java ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Germany ||University of Bremen ||Introduction to Natural Language Generation ||Undergraduate ||Lisp ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Germany ||University of Bremen ||[http://www.cl.uni-bremen.de/~stefan/Lehre/CL/ Einführung in die Computerlinguistik ]||Undergraduate || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Germany ||University of Bremen ||[http://www.cl.uni-bremen.de/~stefan/Lehre/GE-Trale/ Einführung in die Grammatikentwicklung ]||Both || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Germany ||University of Dusseldorf ||[http://web.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/~kilbury/courses.htm Introduction to Computational Linguistics ] ||Undergraduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Germany ||University of Heidelberg ||[http://kontext.fraunhofer.de/haenelt/kurs/Parsing Parsing ] ||Graduate ||C Java Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Germany ||University Saarbrücken ||[http://www.ps.uni-sb.de/~niehren/Web/Vorlesungen/Oz-NL-SS01/BookHomePage.html Concurrent constraint programming for natural language processing ] ||Both || Mozart Oz ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Greece||Athens University of Economics and Business ||[http://eclass.aueb.gr/TMA102/ Artificial Intelligence]||Undergraduate ||C++ Java Prolog ||2008<br />
|-<br />
|Greece||Athens University of Economics and Business ||[http://eclass.aueb.gr/TMA107/ Logic and Artificial Intelligence]||Graduate ||C++ Java Prolog ||2008<br />
|-<br />
|India ||Assam University ||Natural Language Processing ||Graduate ||C C++ ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|India || Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad || Natural Language Processing || Undergraduate Graduate || Java LISP Prolog Perl || 2005 onwards<br />
|-<br />
|India || Indian Institute of Technology Bombay ||[http://www.cse.iitb.ac.in/~cs460 Natural Language Processing] || both || Java Perl Prolog || 2004 onwards<br />
|-<br />
|Iran || University of Tehran ||[http://ece.ut.ac.ir/Classpages/S87/ECE500/index.htm Intelligent Information Retrieval ] ||both || ||2008<br />
|-<br />
|Iran || University of Tehran ||[http://ece.ut.ac.ir/classpages/F85/NaturalLanguageProcessing/ Natural Language Processing ] ||both || ||2008<br />
|-<br />
|Ireland ||Dublin City University ||[http://www.compapp.dcu.ie/~john/ca261.html Computational Linguistics 2 ] ||Undergraduate ||Java Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Ireland ||Dublin City University ||[http://www.computing.dcu.ie/~away/CL2/cl.html Computational Linguistics I ] ||Undergraduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Israel ||University of Haifa ||[http://cs.haifa.ac.il/~shuly/teaching/index.html Computational Linguistics ] ||Both || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Italy ||University of Bologna ||[http://www.cilta.unibo.it/LingComp/ Linguistica Computazionale ] ||Both || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Italy ||Universita' di Padova ||Natural Language Processing ||Graduate ||C++ Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Italy ||University of Siena||[http://www.ciscl.unisi.it/corsi.htm?id=29 Linguistica Computazionale ] ||Both || C Java PHP ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Japan ||Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ||[http://www.jaist.ac.jp/~gakusei/kyoumu/syll14/k417e.html Methodology for Knowledge Discovery ] ||Graduate ||C Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Japan ||Yamagata University ||[http://www.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp Natural Language Processing ] ||Undergraduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Japan ||Yamaguchi University ||Introduction to Computational Linguistics ||Undergraduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Korea ||Postech ||[http://nlp.postech.ac.kr/Course/CS704/index.html Machine Learning for NLP ] ||Graduate ||C C++ ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Korea ||Postech, Korea ||[http://nlp.postech.ac.kr/Course/CS730b/2001/index.html Statistical Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate ||C C++ ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Mexico ||National Polytechnic Institute ||[http://www.gelbukh.com/clbook/ Computational linguistics] ||Both || ||2005<br />
|-<br />
|Mexico ||National Polytechnic Institute ||[http://www.gelbukh.com/courses/ Information Retrieval] ||Both || ||2005<br />
|-<br />
|New Zealand ||University of Otago ||Computational linguistics ||Graduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Norway ||University of Trondheim ||[http://www.idi.ntnu.no/~natlang/ Natural Language Interfaces ] ||Undergraduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Poland ||Warsaw University ||[https://usosweb.mimuw.edu.pl/kontroler.php?_action=actionx:katalog2/przedmioty/pokazPrzedmiot(prz_kod:3301-JF-21J-SO) Computational Syntax ] ||Undergraduate ||Prolog ||2007<br />
|-<br />
|Poland ||Warsaw University ||[https://usosweb.mimuw.edu.pl/kontroler.php?_action=actionx:katalog2/przedmioty/pokazPrzedmiot(prz_kod:1000-2M07LK) Linguistic Engineering - Constructions ] ||Both ||Perl, Python, etc. ||2007<br />
|-<br />
|Poland ||Warsaw University ||[https://usosweb.mimuw.edu.pl/kontroler.php?_action=actionx:katalog2/przedmioty/pokazPrzedmiot(prz_kod:1000-2M07LS) Linguistic Engineering - Words ] ||Both ||Perl, Python, etc. ||2007<br />
|-<br />
|Portugal ||University of Lisbon ||[http://www.di.fc.ul.pt/sobre/?lei-detalhesdisciplinas#PLN Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Portugal ||University of Lisbon ||[http://www.di.fc.ul.pt/sobre/?lei-detalhesdisciplinas#ILN Interaction in Natural Language ] ||Both ||C Java Perl Prolog Python ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Portugal ||University of Lisbon ||[http://www.di.fc.ul.pt/sobre/?lei-detalhesdisciplinas#MQL Quantitative Language Nodelling ] ||Both ||Java Perl Prolog Python ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Romania ||University A.I. Cuza, Iasi ||[http://www.infoiasi.ro/fcs/en/plan/plan-1-ml.html Introduction to Computational Linguistics, Corpus Linguistics ] ||Graduate ||C C++ Java Lisp Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Slovenia ||University of Ljubljana ||[http://www.ff.uni-lj.si/hp/pj/seminar/bes_in_rac.html Besedilo in ra&#269;unalnik ] ||Undergraduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Spain ||Udako Euskal Unibertsitatea and University of the Basque Country ||[http://www.ueu.org/titulazioak/Hiztek2003/hiztek.htm Hizkuntza-Teknologiak (Language Technologies) ] ||Graduate ||Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Spain ||Universidad Complutense de Madrid || Lingüística Computacional ||Undergraduate ||Lisp Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Spain ||Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ||[http://liceu.uab.es/~joaquim/Tecnologies_Parla.html Tecnologies de la parla (Speech Technologies) ] ||Graduate || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Spain ||Universidad Autónoma de Madrid ||[http://www.eps.uam.es/~ealfon/nlp/ Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural ] ||Graduate || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Spain ||University of the Basque Country ||[http://www.ehu.es/if Lengoaia Naturalaren Prozesamendua (Natural Language Processing) ] ||Undergraduate ||Lisp Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Spain ||Universidade da Coruña ||[http://www.grupocole.org/docencia/ln/ Lenguajes Naturales ] ||Undergraduate ||C Java Perl Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Sweden ||[http://www.gu.se/ Göteborg University] ||[http://www.cling.gu.se/ Computational Linguistics ] ||Undergraduate ||Java Prolog Python Oz Perl||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Sweden ||Linköping University ||[http://www.ida.liu.se/~TDDB71/ Språkteknologi (Language technology) ] ||Undergraduate ||Java Lisp Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Sweden ||Linköping University ||[http://www.ida.liu.se/~TDDB73/ Språkteknologiska system (Language Engineering Systems) ] ||Undergraduate ||Java Lisp ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Sweden ||Lunds tekniska högskola ||[http://www.cs.lth.se/Education/Courses/EDA171/ Language processing and computational linguistics ] ||Undergraduate ||Perl Prolog ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Sweden ||[http://www.gslt.hum.gu.se/ Swedish National Graduate School of Language Technology] ||[http://www.gslt.hum.gu.se/courses/ Ph.D. Courses in Language Technology ] ||Graduate || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Sweden ||Uppsala University ||[http://stp.lingfil.uu.se/utbildning/ Language Technology ] ||Undergraduate ||Java Prolog Python||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Sweden ||Växjö University ||[http://w3.msi.vxu.se/~nivre/teaching/nlp/dac723.html Language Technology ] ||Undergraduate || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Switzerland ||Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ||[http://lithwww.epfl.ch/teaching/rdf/ Pattern Recognition ] ||Undergraduate ||C++ Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Switzerland ||University of Zurich ||[http://www.cl.unizh.ch/siclemat/lehre/ss02/pcl2/ Programming Techniques in Computational Linguistics II ] ||Undergraduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Switzerland ||University of Zurich ||[http://www.cl.unizh.ch/siclemat/lehre/ws0102/pcl1/ Programming Techniques in Computational Linguistics I ] ||Undergraduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Switzerland ||University of Zurich ||[http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/CL/hess/classes/dsa/ Discourse Analysis ] ||Graduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Switzerland ||University of Zurich ||[http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/CL/hess/classes/ecl Introduction to Computational Linguisticss ] ||Undergraduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Switzerland ||University of Zurich ||[http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/CL/hess/classes/mki/ AI Methods in Computational Linguistics ] ||Graduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Switzerland ||University of Zurich ||[http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/CL/hess/classes/sma/ Methods of Semantic Analysis ] ||Undergraduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Switzerland ||Zurich University ||[http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/cl/klenner/lehre/ws0203/fg.html/ Statistical Natural Language Processing ] ||Undergraduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Taiwan ||[http://www.nccu.edu.tw/english/main.php National Chengchi University] || [http://www.cs.nccu.edu.tw/~chaolin/courses/nlp06f.html Natural Language Processing] || Graduate || student choice || 2006<br />
|-<br />
|Taiwan ||National Taiwan University ||[http://nlg.csie.ntu.edu.tw/courses/IR/course_IR.html Information Retrieval and Extraction] ||Both ||Student Choice ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Taiwan ||National Taiwan University ||[http://nlg.csie.ntu.edu.tw/courses/NLP/ Natural Language Processing] ||Both ||Student Choice||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Taiwan ||National Tsing Hua University ||Natural Language Processing ||Graduate ||Foxpro ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Taiwan ||National Tsing Hua University ||Natural Language Processing Lab ||Graduate ||Foxpro ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|Thailand ||Chulalongkorn University ||[http://pioneer.chula.ac.th/~awirote/ling/2209674.htm Computational Linguistics I ] ||Graduate ||Perl Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Turkey ||Middle East Technical University ||[http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/~bozsahin/nli/ceng563/ computational linguistics I ] ||Graduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|Turkey ||Middle East Technical University ||[http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/~bozsahin/nli/ceng584/ cognitive aspects of NLP ] ||Graduate ||C Java Lisp Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||Imperial College ||[http://www.hu.ic.ac.uk/translation Introduction to Language Engineering ] ||Graduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||Loughborough University ||[http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/co/teaching/mcomp.html (BROKEN LINK) Natural Language and Speech Systems ] ||Undergraduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Birmingham ||[http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/internal/modules/current/02495.html Natural Language Processing 1 ] ||Undergraduate ||Prolog ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Birmingham ||[http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/internal/modules/current/11223.html Natural Language Processing and Applications ] ||Both || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Birmingham ||[http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/internal/modules/current/02648.html Natural Language Processing 2 ] ||Both || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Brighton ||[http://www.itri.brighton.ac.uk/courses/MScLex (BROKEN LINK) MSc in Lexical Computing and Lexicography ] ||Graduate ||Awk Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Brighton ||[http://www.itri.brighton.ac.uk/ Lexical Computing and Lexicography ] ||Graduate ||Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Cambridge ||[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Teaching/2005/NLP/ Natural Language Processing ] ||Undergraduate || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Cambridge ||[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/cstit/ MPhil in Computer Speech Text and Internet Technology ] ||Graduate ||C++ Java Perl ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Edinburgh ||[http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/teaching/postgrad/mscslp/ M.Sc. in Speech and Language Processing ] ||Graduate ||Java Perl Prolog Python ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Essex ||[http://courses.essex.ac.uk/lg/LG511 Computatiuonal Linguistics 1 ] ||Graduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Essex ||[http://courses.essex.ac.uk/lg/LG519 Prolog I ] ||Graduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Essex ||[http://courses.essex.ac.uk/lg/LG611 Computational Linguistics II ] ||Graduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Essex ||[http://courses.essex.ac.uk/lg/LG619 Prolog II ] ||Graduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Essex ||[http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/staff/poesio/cc437 Advanced Natural Language Engineering ] ||Graduate ||Java Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Leeds ||[http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/eric/ar32/ Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||C++ Java Perl Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Leeds ||[http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cts Computers and the Translator ] ||Undergraduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Leeds ||[http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cts Principles and Applications of MT ] ||Graduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Sheffield ||[http://www.shef.ac.uk/dcs/postgrad/taught/hlt.html M.Sc. Human Language Technology ] ||Postgraduate || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Sheffield ||[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/intranet/teaching/modules/art/2005-6/stevenson.htm Language Engineering: Information Extraction ] ||Both || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Sheffield ||[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/intranet/teaching/modules/level3/com4250.html Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||Prolog ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Sheffield ||[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/intranet/teaching/modules/level3/com3110.html Text Processing ] ||Both ||Perl ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Sussex ||[http://www.informatics.sussex.ac.uk/courses/nlp/ Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||Prolog Java||2006<br />
|-<br />
|UK ||University of Ulster ||[http://www.infj.ulst.ac.uk/nlp/ Natural Language Processing ] ||Undergraduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Arizona State University ||[http://www.eas.asu.edu/~cse476 (BROKEN LINK) Introduction to Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||Java Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Brigham Young University ||[http://faculty.cs.byu.edu/~ringger/CS401R/ Statistical Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||Java ||2005 <br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Brigham Young University ||[http://faculty.cs.byu.edu/~ringger/CS601R/ Text Mining ] ||Graduate ||Java ||2007<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Brown University ||[http://cog.brown.edu/~mj/classes/cg136/ Introduction to Computational Linguistics ] ||Both ||Python ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Brown University ||[http://www.cs.brown.edu/courses/cs241/ Statistical Natural-Language Processing ] ||Graduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA || Carnegie Mellon University || [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~nasmith/NLP Natural Language Processing] || Undergraduate || various || 2008<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Carnegie Mellon University ||[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/cmt-55/lti/Courses/711/www/ Algorithms for Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Carnegie Mellon University ||[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/cmt-55/lti/Courses/721/2006/www/ Grammars and Lexicons ] ||Graduate || LISP ||2006<br />
|-<br />
| USA || Carnegie Mellon University || [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~roni/11761-s07 Language and Statistics I] || Graduate || || 2007<br />
|-<br />
| USA || Carnegie Mellon University || [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~nasmith/LS2 Language and Statistics II] || Graduate || || 2007<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Carleton College ||[http://www.mathcs.carleton.edu/faculty/jondich/cs395/ (BROKEN LINK) Natural Language Processing ] ||Undergraduate ||C++ Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Cornell University ||[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs172 Computation, Information, and Intelligence ] ||Undergraduate || ||2008<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Cornell University ||[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs324 Computational Linguistics ] ||Undergraduate || ||2008<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Cornell University ||[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs430 Information Retrieval ] ||Undergraduate || ||2008<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Cornell University ||[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs474 Introduction to Natural Language Processing ] ||Undergraduate || ||2008<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Cornell University ||[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs674 Advanced Language Technologies ] ||Graduate || ||2008<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Cornell University || Speech Synthesis by Rule||Graduate || ||2008<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Cornell University ||[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs775/2001sp/default.html Statistical Natural Language Processing: Models and Methods ] ||Graduate || ||2008<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||CUNY Graduate Center ||[http://bb.gc.cuny.edu/ (BROKEN LINK) Language Technology ] ||Graduate ||Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Georgetown University ||[http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/mad87/06/362/ Introduction to Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||Perl ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Georgetown University ||[http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/wilsong/Tools/Ling367.html Computational Linguistics: Tools for Linguists ] ||Both || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Georgetown University ||[http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/mad87/06/561/ Seminar: Computational Linguisics ] ||Graduate ||Python ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Georgetown University ||[http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/mad87/06/420/ Statistical NLP] ||Both ||Python ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Harvard University ||[http://www.courses.fas.harvard.edu/~cs187/ Introduction to Computational Linguistics ] ||Both ||Prolog ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Hunter College CUNY ||[http://bb.hunter.cuny.edu/ Language Technology ] ||Undergraduate ||C++ ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Johns Hopkins University ||[http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~jason/465 Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||student choice ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Johns Hopkins University ||[http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/~sanjeev/520.666/ Information Extraction ] ||Graduate || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Johns Hopkins University ||[http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~jason/465 Seminar in Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Johns Hopkins University ||[http://cs.jhu.edu/~jason/405/ Finite-State Methods in Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Johns Hopkins University ||[http://cs.jhu.edu/~jason/665/ Statistical Language Learning ] ||Graduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||The Ohio State University ||[http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~fosler/794L/ Foundations of Spoken Language Processing ] ||Both ||MATLAB student choice ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||The Ohio State University ||[http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/cgi-bin/syllabus-view.cgi?cgi_state=view;SYLLABUS_ID=598 Computational Linguistics ] ||Both ||Java ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||The Ohio State University ||[http://ling.ohio-state.edu/courses/course_info/?course_no=684.01 Symbolic Computational Linguistics ] ||Both || Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||The Ohio State University ||[http://ling.ohio-state.edu/courses/course_info/?course_no=684.02 Data-Intensive Computational Linguistics ] ||Both || Python ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||The Ohio State University ||[http://ling.ohio-state.edu/courses/course_info/?course_no=684.03 Computational Semantics ] ||Both || Prolog ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Purdue University ||[http://min.ecn.purdue.edu/~ee669/ Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate ||C C++ Java Lisp Perl Python ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Rutgers University ||[http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~mdstone/class/533 (BROKEN LINK) Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||Java Perl Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||San Diego State University ||Computational Corpus Linguistics ||Both ||Python ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||San Diego State University ||Introduction to Computational Linguistics ||Both ||Python ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Smith College ||Introduction to Computational Linguistics ||Undergraduate ||Lisp ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Stanford University ||[http://www.stanford.edu/class/cs224n/ Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||Java ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Stanford University ||[http://www.stanford.edu/class/linguist180/ Introduction to Computer Speech and Language Processing ] ||Undergraduate ||Perl Python Java ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Stanford University ||[http://www.stanford.edu/class/linguist288/ Natural Language Understanding ] ||Both || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Stanford University ||[http://www.stanford.edu/~mjkay/ Human and Machine Translation]||Both || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Stanford University ||[http://www.stanford.edu/~mjkay/ Programming and Algorithms for NLP]||Both || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Stanford University || Finite-State Methods in NLP||Both || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||Stony Brook University ||[http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~cse507 (BROKEN LINK) Introduction to Computational Linguistics ] ||Graduate ||Java Perl Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||SUNY Buffalo ||[http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/faculty/alphonce/Courses/Fall2006/cse467 Computational Linguistics ] ||Both||Lisp Perl||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||SUNY Buffalo ||[http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/675.html Advanced Topics in Computational Linguistics ] ||Graduate ||Lisp ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||The University of Chicago ||[http://humanities.uchicago.edu/faculty/goldsmith/StatNLP/index.htm Statistical NLP ] ||Graduate ||Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of California, Berkeley ||[http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~klein/cs294-5/index.html Statistical NLP ] ||Graduate ||Java ||2005<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of California, San Diego ||[http://ling.ucsd.edu/~kehler/ling165.html Computational Linguistics ] ||Undergraduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of California, San Diego || Natural Language Processing in LISP ||Graduate ||Lisp ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Colorado, Boulder || [http://www.colorado.edu/ling/courses/Fall2003/7800/ Advanced Computational Linguistics] || Graduate ||||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Colorado, Boulder || [http://www.colorado.edu/catalog/catalog05-06/cgi-bin/search.pl?abbr=ling&num=5200 Computational Corpus Linguistics ] || Graduate || Python || 2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Colorado, Boulder || [http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~martin/csci5832.html Natural Language Processing ] || Graduate || Python || 2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Colorado, Boulder || Natural Language Processing ||Undergraduate ||||2000<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Colorado, Boulder ||[http://www.cs.colorado.edu/courses/csci6302.html Speech Recognition and Synthesis ]||Graduate ||||2002<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Central Florida ||Advanced Artificial Intelligence ||Graduate ||Lisp ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Central Florida ||Natural Language Understanding || ||Lisp Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Chicago ||[http://humanities.uchicago.edu/faculty/goldsmith/Industrial/syllabus.htm An Overview of Industrial Linguistics ] ||Graduate ||Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Georgia ||[http://www.ai.uga.edu/~mc/nlpfaq.html Applied Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate ||Python ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Georgia ||[http://www.ai.uga.edu/~mc/nlpfaq.html Natural Language Processing Techniques ] ||Graduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Illinois - Chicago ||[http://www.cs.uic.edu/~bdieugen/teaching.html Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||C Java Lisp Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Illinois - Urbana Champaign ||[http://catarina.ai.uiuc.edu/L406_06/ Introduction to Computational Linguisticss ] ||Both ||||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Illinois - Urbana Champaign ||[http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/#teaching Machine Learning and Natural Language ] ||Graduate ||||2005<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Illinois - Urbana Champaign ||[http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/#teaching Machine Learning] ||Both ||||2005<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Maryland, College Park ||[http://www.clis2.umd.edu/courses/796 (BROKEN LINK) Information Retrieval Systems ] ||Graduate ||C C++ Java ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Maryland, College Park ||[http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~resnik/ling723/ Computational Linguistics I ] ||Graduate || Perl ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Maryland, College Park ||[http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~resnik/ling647/ Computational Linguistics II ] ||Graduate || Perl ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Maryland, College Park ||[http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~resnik/ling848_fa2004/ Seminar in Computational Linguistics ] ||Graduate || ||2004<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Michigan ||[http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~radev/eecs597 Language and Information ] ||Both || ||2004<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Michigan ||[http://tangra.si.umich.edu/~radev/650w05 Information Retrieval ] ||Both || ||2005<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Michigan ||[http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~radev/eecs595 Natural Language Processing ] ||Both || ||2005<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Michigan ||[http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~radev/eecs767 Advanced NLP/IR ] ||Graduate || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Minnesota, Duluth ||[http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/teaching.html Introduction to Natural Language Processing ] ||Undergraduate ||Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Minnesota, Duluth ||[http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/teaching.html Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate ||Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of North Texas ||[http://www.cs.unt.edu/~rada/CSCE5290 Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate ||Perl ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Pennsylvania ||[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cis520 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence ] ||Graduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Pennsylvania ||[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cis630 Advanced Topics in Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate ||C++ Java Perl Python ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Pennsylvania ||[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cse391 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence ] ||Undergraduate ||Prolog ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Pittsburgh ||[http://www.cs.pitt.edu/~litman/courses/CS3730/cs3730.html Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Rochester ||[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~schubert/247-447/ Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||Lisp ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Rochester ||[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/2006_Fall/ Language, Parsing, and Complexity ] ||Both || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Rochester ||[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/2005_Fall/ Speech Recognition and Statistical Natural Language Processing ] ||Both || ||2005<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Rochester ||[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/2004_Spring/ Seminar in AI: Statistical Machine Translation ] ||Graduate || ||2004<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Southern California ||[http://www.isi.edu/~marcu/544/ Introduction to Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate || ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Southern California ||[http://www.isi.edu/~marcu/544/ Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate ||C++ Java Lisp Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Southern California ||[http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/people/cs562-f2006-syll.htm Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate || ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul MN ||Information Retrieval ||Graduate ||C Java Perl Python ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Texas at Austin ||[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/icl Introduction to Computational Linguistics ] ||Undergraduate||Python||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Texas at Austin ||Natural Language Processing||Undergraduate||Python, Java||[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/courses/2008/fall/natural_language_processing 2008]<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Texas at Austin ||Natural Language Processing||Graduate||Java||[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~mooney/cs388/ 2008]<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Texas at Austin ||Computational Linguistics I ||Graduate||Python||[http://www.utexas.edu/courses/jbaldrid/2006/compling1 2006], [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/courses/2007/cl1/ 2007], [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/courses/2008/cl1_08/ 2008]<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Texas at Austin ||Computational Linguistics II ||Graduate||Python Java||[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/cl2 2006], [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/courses/2007/cl2_07/ 2007]<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Texas at Austin<br />
||Intro to working with corpora and programming || Both||Python||[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/erk/corpora06.html 2006] [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/courses/2007/corpora07/ 2007]<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Texas at El Paso ||[http://www.cs.utep.edu/nigel/nlp/ Statistical Approaches to Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||Perl ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Utah ||[http://www.cs.utah.edu/classes/cs5340 Natural Language Processing ] ||Both ||C C++ Java Lisp Perl ||2003<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Washington||[http://courses.washington.edu/ling472 Introduction to Computational Linguistics] ||Undergraduate ||Perl ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Washington||[http://courses.washington.edu/ling570/ Shallow Methods in Natural Language Processing]||Graduate ||Python Java C++ Perl||2007<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Washington||[http://courses.washington.edu/ling571/ Deep Processing Techniques for Natural Language Processing] ||Graduate ||Python Java C++ Perl||2007<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Washington||[http://courses.washington.edu/ling572/ Advanced Statistical Methods for Natural Language Processing] ||Graduate ||Python Java C++ Perl||2008<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Washington||[http://courses.washington.edu/ling573/ Systems/Applications] ||Graduate ||Python Java C++ Perl||2008<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Washington||[http://courses.washington.edu/ling567 Knowledge Engineering for NLP] ||Graduate ||tdl ||2006<br />
|-<br />
|USA ||University of Wisconsin-Madison ||Intensive Computational Linguistics ||Both ||C++ Java ||2003<br />
|- <br />
|USA ||University of Wisconsin-Madison ||[http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~jerryzhu/cs769.html Advanced Natural Language Processing ] ||Graduate||student choice||2008<br />
|- |]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Education]]<br />
[[Category:Natural language processing]]</div>Jasonbaldridgehttps://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Combinatory_Categorial_Grammar&diff=5631Combinatory Categorial Grammar2008-08-21T07:01:02Z<p>Jasonbaldridge: /* Introduction */ removed "prominent"</p>
<hr />
<div>== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Steedman2001.jpg|thumb|right|Steedman (2001): The Syntactic Process. MIT Press]]<br />
<br />
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) is an efficiently parseable, yet linguistically expressive grammar formalism. It has a completely transparent interface between surface syntax and underlying semantic representation, including predicate-argument structure, quantification and information structure. <br />
CCG relies on combinatory logic, which has the same expressive power as the lambda calculus, but builds its expressions differently. <br />
<br />
The first linguistic and psycholinguistic arguments for basing the grammar on combinators were put forth by Mark Steedman and Anna Szabolcsi. More recent proponents of the approach are Jacobson and Baldridge.<br />
For example, the [[combinator]] B (the compositor) is useful in creating long-distance dependencies, as in "Who do you think Mary is talking about?" and the combinator W (the duplicator) is useful as the lexical interpretation of reflexive pronouns, as in "Mary talks about herself". Together with I (the identity mapping) and C (the permutator) these form a set of primitive, non-interdefinable combinators. Jacobson interprets personal pronouns as the combinator I, and their binding is aided by a complex combinator Z, as in "Mary lost her way". Z is definable using W and B.<br />
<br />
CCG is known to define the same language class as tree-adjoining grammar, linear indexed grammar, and head grammar, and is said to be mildly context-sensitive.<br />
<br />
One of the key publications of CCG is ''The Syntactic Process'' by Mark Steedman. There are various efficient parsers available for CCG.<br />
<br />
== Software ==<br />
<br />
=== OpenCCG: The OpenNLP CCG library ===<br />
<br />
[http://openccg.sourceforge.net OpenCCG], the [http://opennlp.sf.net OpenNLP] CCG Library, <br />
is an open source natural language processing library written in<br />
Java, which provides parsing and realization services based on Mark Steedman's<br />
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) formalism.<br />
The library makes use of multi-modal extensions to CCG developed by <br />
[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid Jason Baldridge] as part of the [http://grok.sourceforge.net/ Grok] system<br />
(the precursor to OpenCCG). Current development efforts, led by [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mwhite/ Michael White], are focused on making the realizer practical to use in dialogue systems. For the latest news about OpenCCG, check out the <br />
[http://openccg.sourceforge.net/ OpenCCG page] on SourceForge. You can also look at [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/wiki/doku.php/openccg/projects_using_openccg some of the projects using OpenCCG].<br />
<br />
The VisCCG tool for working with grammars is available as part of the OpenCCG source code and distribution. There are [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/wiki/doku.php/openccg several tutorials available for learning how to edit grammars with VisCCG and use OpenCCG].<br />
<br />
=== The C&amp;C Parser and Supertagger ===<br />
<br />
The [http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki C&amp;C CCG parser and supertagger] form <br />
part of the language processing tools developed by James Curran and Stephan Clark.<br />
The tools are written in C++ and have been designed to be efficient enough for large-scale NLP tasks.<br />
<br />
=== StatCCG ===<br />
<br />
StatCCG is a statistical CCG parser (trained on CCGbank) written by Julia Hockenmaier. Executables are available [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/Parser/index.html here]<br />
<br />
=== Boxer ===<br />
<br />
[http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki/boxer Boxer] is developed by [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Johan Bos] and generates formal semantic representations for CCG grammars. Boxer takes as input CCG (Combinatory Categorial Grammar) derivations and produces DRSs (Discourse Representation Structures, from Hans Kamp's Discourse Representation Theory) as output. It is distributed with the C&C tools. Boxer produces standard DRS syntax, uses a neo-Davidsonian analysis for events (with thematic roles from VerbNet), incorporates Van der Sandt's algorithm for presupposition, is 100% compatible with first-order logic (FOL), and normalises cardinal and date expressions. DRSs can be generated in various output formats: resolved or underspecified, in Prolog or XML, flattened or recursive structures, with discourse referents represented by Prolog atoms or variables, and with pretty printed DRSs or not. It is also possible to output FOL formulas translated from the DRSs.<br />
<br />
== CCGbank ==<br />
<br />
CCGbank is a translation of the [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~treebank/home.html Penn Treebank]<br />
into a corpus of Combinatory Categorial Grammar derivations, created by [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr Julia Hockenmaier] and [http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/~steedman Mark Steedman]. You can get it [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/CatalogEntry.jsp?catalogId=LDC2005T13 here] from the [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu Linguistic Data Consortium]. You can also have a look at this [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/CCGbankDemo demo] of the HTML version included in the LDC distribution.<br />
<br />
CCGbank pairs syntactic derivations with sets of word-word dependencies which<br />
approximate the underlying predicate-argument structure.<br />
The translation process and linguistic analyses are explained in the [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/Papers/CCGbank/CCGbankManual.pdf manual].<br />
CCGbank contains 99.44% of the sentences in the Penn Treebank, for<br />
which it corrects a number of inconsistencies and errors in the<br />
original annotation.<br />
<br />
The LDC distribution also contains machine-readable versions<br />
of the data, which contain the syntactic derivations and the corresponding lists of word-word dependencies, <br />
as well as a file that is searchable by [http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/ Doug Rohde]'s [http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/TGrep2/index.html TGrep2] (version 1.15). <br />
<br />
In all versions, the file structure corresponds exactly to that of the original Treebank.<br />
<br />
== Publications ==<br />
<br />
This is a very incomplete list of publications. Follow the links to homepages in the People section to see more, and see the [http://groups.inf.ed.ac.uk/ccg/publications.html CCG site publications page].<br />
<br />
=== Books ===<br />
<br />
* Curry, Haskell B. and Richard Feys (1958), Combinatory Logic, Vol. 1. North-Holland.<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (1996), Surface Structure and Interpretation. The MIT Press.<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (2000), The Syntactic Process. The MIT Press.<br />
<br />
=== Journal Articles ===<br />
<br />
* Jacobson, Pauline (1999), “Towards a variable-free semantics.” Linguistics and Philosophy 22, 1999. 117-184<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (1987), “Combinatory grammars and parasitic gaps”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 5, 403-439.<br />
<br />
=== Articles in books or collections ===<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (1989), "Bound variables in syntax (are there any?)." Semantics and Contextual Expression, ed. by Bartsch, van Benthem, and van Emde Boas. Foris, 294-318.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (1992), "Combinatory grammar and projection from the lexicon." Lexical Matters. CSLI Lecture Notes 24, ed. by Sag and Szabolcsi. Stanford, CSLI Publications. 241-269.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (2003), “Binding on the fly: Cross-sentential anaphora in variable-free semantics”. Resource Sensitivity in Binding and Anaphora, ed. by Kruijff and Oehrle. Kluwer, 215-229.<br />
<br />
=== Conference and workshop papers ===<br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge and Geert-Jan Kruijff. 2002. [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/P/P02/P02-1041.pdf Coupling CCG with Hybrid Logic Dependency Semantics]. In Proceedings of ACL 2002.<br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge and Geert-Jan Kruijff. 2003. [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/E/E03/E03-1036.pdf Multi-Modal Combinatory Categorial Grammar]. In Proceedings of EACL 2003. <br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge, Sudipta Chatterjee, Alexis Palmer, and Ben Wing. 2007. [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/baldridge_etal_geaf07.pdf DotCCG and VisCCG: Wiki and Programming Paradigms for Improved Grammar Engineering with OpenCCG]. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Grammar Engineering Across Frameworks. Stanford, CA.<br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge. 2008. [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/BaldridgeColing08.pdf Weakly supervised supertagging with grammar-informed initialization]. In Proceedings of COLING-2008. Manchester, UK.<br />
<br />
* Fred Hoyt and Jason Baldridge. 2008. [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/P/P08/P08-1038.pdf A Logical Basis for the D combinator and normal form constraints in Combinatory Categorial Grammar]. In Proceedings of ACL/HLT-2008. Columbus, OH. <br />
* Geert-Jan Kruijff and Jason Baldridge. 2004. [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/C/C04/C04-1028.pdf Generalizing Dimensionality in Combinatory Categorial Grammar]. Proceedings of COLING 2004. <br />
<br />
* Mike White and Jason Baldridge. 2003. [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/White-Baldridge-ENLG-2003 Adapting Chart Realization to CCG]. In Proceedings of ENLG 2003. <br />
<br />
=== Dissertations and Masters Theses ===<br />
<br />
* Baldridge, Jason (2002). [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/dissertation.html "Lexically Specified Derivational Control in Combinatory Categorial Grammar."] PhD Dissertation. Univ. of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Gann Bierner (2001). Alternative Phrases: Theoretical Analysis and Practical Applications, PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Julia Hockenmaier (2003). Data and Models for Statistical Parsing with Combinatory Categorial Grammar, PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Beryl Hoffman. 1995. Computational Analysis of the Syntax and Interpretation of ‘Free’ Word-order in Turkish. Ph.D. thesis, University of Pennsylvania. IRCS Report 95-17. <br />
<br />
* Nobo Komagata. 1999. [http://nobo.komagata.net/thesis A Computational Analysis of Information Structure Using Parallel Expository Texts in English and Japanese]. PhD thesis. University of Pennsylvania.<br />
<br />
* Mark McConville (2001) Incremental natural language understanding with Combinatory Categorial Grammar. MSc thesis, School of Cognitive Science, Division of Informatics, University of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Jong C. Park. 1996. [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=923558 A Lexical Theory of Quantification in Ambiguous Query Interpretation]. Ph.D Dissertation, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania.<br />
<br />
== People ==<br />
<br />
* [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid Jason Baldridge] <br />
* [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Johan Bos]<br />
* [http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/~bozsahin/ Cem Bozsahin]<br />
* [http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/work/stephen.clark/ Stephen Clark]<br />
* [http://www.it.usyd.edu.au/about/people/staff/james.shtml James Curran]<br />
* [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr Julia Hockenmaier] <br />
* [http://www.iccs.inf.ed.ac.uk/~steedman/ Mark Steedman]<br />
* [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mwhite/ Michael White]</div>Jasonbaldridgehttps://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Combinatory_Categorial_Grammar&diff=5630Combinatory Categorial Grammar2008-08-20T20:35:46Z<p>Jasonbaldridge: /* OpenCCG: The OpenNLP CCG library */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Steedman2001.jpg|thumb|right|Steedman (2001): The Syntactic Process. MIT Press]]<br />
<br />
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) is an efficiently parseable, yet linguistically expressive grammar formalism. It has a completely transparent interface between surface syntax and underlying semantic representation, including predicate-argument structure, quantification and information structure. <br />
CCG relies on combinatory logic, which has the same expressive power as the lambda calculus, but builds its expressions differently. <br />
<br />
The first linguistic and psycholinguistic arguments for basing the grammar on combinators were put forth by Mark Steedman and Anna Szabolcsi. More recent prominent proponents of the approach are Jacobson and Baldridge.<br />
For example, the [[combinator]] B (the compositor) is useful in creating long-distance dependencies, as in "Who do you think Mary is talking about?" and the combinator W (the duplicator) is useful as the lexical interpretation of reflexive pronouns, as in "Mary talks about herself". Together with I (the identity mapping) and C (the permutator) these form a set of primitive, non-interdefinable combinators. Jacobson interprets personal pronouns as the combinator I, and their binding is aided by a complex combinator Z, as in "Mary lost her way". Z is definable using W and B.<br />
<br />
CCG is known to define the same language class as tree-adjoining grammar, linear indexed grammar, and head grammar, and is said to be mildly context-sensitive.<br />
<br />
One of the key publications of CCG is ''The Syntactic Process'' by Mark Steedman. There are various efficient parsers available for CCG.<br />
<br />
== Software ==<br />
<br />
=== OpenCCG: The OpenNLP CCG library ===<br />
<br />
[http://openccg.sourceforge.net OpenCCG], the [http://opennlp.sf.net OpenNLP] CCG Library, <br />
is an open source natural language processing library written in<br />
Java, which provides parsing and realization services based on Mark Steedman's<br />
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) formalism.<br />
The library makes use of multi-modal extensions to CCG developed by <br />
[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid Jason Baldridge] as part of the [http://grok.sourceforge.net/ Grok] system<br />
(the precursor to OpenCCG). Current development efforts, led by [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mwhite/ Michael White], are focused on making the realizer practical to use in dialogue systems. For the latest news about OpenCCG, check out the <br />
[http://openccg.sourceforge.net/ OpenCCG page] on SourceForge. You can also look at [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/wiki/doku.php/openccg/projects_using_openccg some of the projects using OpenCCG].<br />
<br />
The VisCCG tool for working with grammars is available as part of the OpenCCG source code and distribution. There are [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/wiki/doku.php/openccg several tutorials available for learning how to edit grammars with VisCCG and use OpenCCG].<br />
<br />
=== The C&amp;C Parser and Supertagger ===<br />
<br />
The [http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki C&amp;C CCG parser and supertagger] form <br />
part of the language processing tools developed by James Curran and Stephan Clark.<br />
The tools are written in C++ and have been designed to be efficient enough for large-scale NLP tasks.<br />
<br />
=== StatCCG ===<br />
<br />
StatCCG is a statistical CCG parser (trained on CCGbank) written by Julia Hockenmaier. Executables are available [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/Parser/index.html here]<br />
<br />
=== Boxer ===<br />
<br />
[http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki/boxer Boxer] is developed by [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Johan Bos] and generates formal semantic representations for CCG grammars. Boxer takes as input CCG (Combinatory Categorial Grammar) derivations and produces DRSs (Discourse Representation Structures, from Hans Kamp's Discourse Representation Theory) as output. It is distributed with the C&C tools. Boxer produces standard DRS syntax, uses a neo-Davidsonian analysis for events (with thematic roles from VerbNet), incorporates Van der Sandt's algorithm for presupposition, is 100% compatible with first-order logic (FOL), and normalises cardinal and date expressions. DRSs can be generated in various output formats: resolved or underspecified, in Prolog or XML, flattened or recursive structures, with discourse referents represented by Prolog atoms or variables, and with pretty printed DRSs or not. It is also possible to output FOL formulas translated from the DRSs.<br />
<br />
== CCGbank ==<br />
<br />
CCGbank is a translation of the [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~treebank/home.html Penn Treebank]<br />
into a corpus of Combinatory Categorial Grammar derivations, created by [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr Julia Hockenmaier] and [http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/~steedman Mark Steedman]. You can get it [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/CatalogEntry.jsp?catalogId=LDC2005T13 here] from the [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu Linguistic Data Consortium]. You can also have a look at this [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/CCGbankDemo demo] of the HTML version included in the LDC distribution.<br />
<br />
CCGbank pairs syntactic derivations with sets of word-word dependencies which<br />
approximate the underlying predicate-argument structure.<br />
The translation process and linguistic analyses are explained in the [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/Papers/CCGbank/CCGbankManual.pdf manual].<br />
CCGbank contains 99.44% of the sentences in the Penn Treebank, for<br />
which it corrects a number of inconsistencies and errors in the<br />
original annotation.<br />
<br />
The LDC distribution also contains machine-readable versions<br />
of the data, which contain the syntactic derivations and the corresponding lists of word-word dependencies, <br />
as well as a file that is searchable by [http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/ Doug Rohde]'s [http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/TGrep2/index.html TGrep2] (version 1.15). <br />
<br />
In all versions, the file structure corresponds exactly to that of the original Treebank.<br />
<br />
== Publications ==<br />
<br />
This is a very incomplete list of publications. Follow the links to homepages in the People section to see more, and see the [http://groups.inf.ed.ac.uk/ccg/publications.html CCG site publications page].<br />
<br />
=== Books ===<br />
<br />
* Curry, Haskell B. and Richard Feys (1958), Combinatory Logic, Vol. 1. North-Holland.<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (1996), Surface Structure and Interpretation. The MIT Press.<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (2000), The Syntactic Process. The MIT Press.<br />
<br />
=== Journal Articles ===<br />
<br />
* Jacobson, Pauline (1999), “Towards a variable-free semantics.” Linguistics and Philosophy 22, 1999. 117-184<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (1987), “Combinatory grammars and parasitic gaps”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 5, 403-439.<br />
<br />
=== Articles in books or collections ===<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (1989), "Bound variables in syntax (are there any?)." Semantics and Contextual Expression, ed. by Bartsch, van Benthem, and van Emde Boas. Foris, 294-318.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (1992), "Combinatory grammar and projection from the lexicon." Lexical Matters. CSLI Lecture Notes 24, ed. by Sag and Szabolcsi. Stanford, CSLI Publications. 241-269.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (2003), “Binding on the fly: Cross-sentential anaphora in variable-free semantics”. Resource Sensitivity in Binding and Anaphora, ed. by Kruijff and Oehrle. Kluwer, 215-229.<br />
<br />
=== Conference and workshop papers ===<br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge and Geert-Jan Kruijff. 2002. [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/P/P02/P02-1041.pdf Coupling CCG with Hybrid Logic Dependency Semantics]. In Proceedings of ACL 2002.<br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge and Geert-Jan Kruijff. 2003. [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/E/E03/E03-1036.pdf Multi-Modal Combinatory Categorial Grammar]. In Proceedings of EACL 2003. <br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge, Sudipta Chatterjee, Alexis Palmer, and Ben Wing. 2007. [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/baldridge_etal_geaf07.pdf DotCCG and VisCCG: Wiki and Programming Paradigms for Improved Grammar Engineering with OpenCCG]. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Grammar Engineering Across Frameworks. Stanford, CA.<br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge. 2008. [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/BaldridgeColing08.pdf Weakly supervised supertagging with grammar-informed initialization]. In Proceedings of COLING-2008. Manchester, UK.<br />
<br />
* Fred Hoyt and Jason Baldridge. 2008. [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/P/P08/P08-1038.pdf A Logical Basis for the D combinator and normal form constraints in Combinatory Categorial Grammar]. In Proceedings of ACL/HLT-2008. Columbus, OH. <br />
* Geert-Jan Kruijff and Jason Baldridge. 2004. [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/C/C04/C04-1028.pdf Generalizing Dimensionality in Combinatory Categorial Grammar]. Proceedings of COLING 2004. <br />
<br />
* Mike White and Jason Baldridge. 2003. [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/White-Baldridge-ENLG-2003 Adapting Chart Realization to CCG]. In Proceedings of ENLG 2003. <br />
<br />
=== Dissertations and Masters Theses ===<br />
<br />
* Baldridge, Jason (2002). [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/dissertation.html "Lexically Specified Derivational Control in Combinatory Categorial Grammar."] PhD Dissertation. Univ. of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Gann Bierner (2001). Alternative Phrases: Theoretical Analysis and Practical Applications, PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Julia Hockenmaier (2003). Data and Models for Statistical Parsing with Combinatory Categorial Grammar, PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Beryl Hoffman. 1995. Computational Analysis of the Syntax and Interpretation of ‘Free’ Word-order in Turkish. Ph.D. thesis, University of Pennsylvania. IRCS Report 95-17. <br />
<br />
* Nobo Komagata. 1999. [http://nobo.komagata.net/thesis A Computational Analysis of Information Structure Using Parallel Expository Texts in English and Japanese]. PhD thesis. University of Pennsylvania.<br />
<br />
* Mark McConville (2001) Incremental natural language understanding with Combinatory Categorial Grammar. MSc thesis, School of Cognitive Science, Division of Informatics, University of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Jong C. Park. 1996. [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=923558 A Lexical Theory of Quantification in Ambiguous Query Interpretation]. Ph.D Dissertation, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania.<br />
<br />
== People ==<br />
<br />
* [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid Jason Baldridge] <br />
* [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Johan Bos]<br />
* [http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/~bozsahin/ Cem Bozsahin]<br />
* [http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/work/stephen.clark/ Stephen Clark]<br />
* [http://www.it.usyd.edu.au/about/people/staff/james.shtml James Curran]<br />
* [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr Julia Hockenmaier] <br />
* [http://www.iccs.inf.ed.ac.uk/~steedman/ Mark Steedman]<br />
* [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mwhite/ Michael White]</div>Jasonbaldridgehttps://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Combinatory_Categorial_Grammar&diff=5629Combinatory Categorial Grammar2008-08-20T20:30:36Z<p>Jasonbaldridge: /* Publications */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Steedman2001.jpg|thumb|right|Steedman (2001): The Syntactic Process. MIT Press]]<br />
<br />
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) is an efficiently parseable, yet linguistically expressive grammar formalism. It has a completely transparent interface between surface syntax and underlying semantic representation, including predicate-argument structure, quantification and information structure. <br />
CCG relies on combinatory logic, which has the same expressive power as the lambda calculus, but builds its expressions differently. <br />
<br />
The first linguistic and psycholinguistic arguments for basing the grammar on combinators were put forth by Mark Steedman and Anna Szabolcsi. More recent prominent proponents of the approach are Jacobson and Baldridge.<br />
For example, the [[combinator]] B (the compositor) is useful in creating long-distance dependencies, as in "Who do you think Mary is talking about?" and the combinator W (the duplicator) is useful as the lexical interpretation of reflexive pronouns, as in "Mary talks about herself". Together with I (the identity mapping) and C (the permutator) these form a set of primitive, non-interdefinable combinators. Jacobson interprets personal pronouns as the combinator I, and their binding is aided by a complex combinator Z, as in "Mary lost her way". Z is definable using W and B.<br />
<br />
CCG is known to define the same language class as tree-adjoining grammar, linear indexed grammar, and head grammar, and is said to be mildly context-sensitive.<br />
<br />
One of the key publications of CCG is ''The Syntactic Process'' by Mark Steedman. There are various efficient parsers available for CCG.<br />
<br />
== Software ==<br />
<br />
=== OpenCCG: The OpenNLP CCG library ===<br />
<br />
[http://openccg.sourceforge.net OpenCCG], the [http://opennlp.sf.net OpenNLP] CCG Library, <br />
is an open source natural language processing library written in<br />
Java, which provides parsing and realization services based on Mark Steedman's<br />
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) formalism.<br />
The library makes use of multi-modal extensions to CCG developed by <br />
[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid Jason Baldridge] as part of the [http://grok.sourceforge.net/ Grok] system<br />
(the precursor to OpenCCG). Current development efforts, led by [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mwhite/ Michael White], are focused on making the realizer practical to use in dialogue systems. For the latest news about OpenCCG, check out the <br />
[http://openccg.sourceforge.net/ OpenCCG page] on SourceForge.<br />
<br />
=== The C&amp;C Parser and Supertagger ===<br />
<br />
The [http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki C&amp;C CCG parser and supertagger] form <br />
part of the language processing tools developed by James Curran and Stephan Clark.<br />
The tools are written in C++ and have been designed to be efficient enough for large-scale NLP tasks.<br />
<br />
=== StatCCG ===<br />
<br />
StatCCG is a statistical CCG parser (trained on CCGbank) written by Julia Hockenmaier. Executables are available [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/Parser/index.html here]<br />
<br />
=== Boxer ===<br />
<br />
[http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki/boxer Boxer] is developed by [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Johan Bos] and generates formal semantic representations for CCG grammars. Boxer takes as input CCG (Combinatory Categorial Grammar) derivations and produces DRSs (Discourse Representation Structures, from Hans Kamp's Discourse Representation Theory) as output. It is distributed with the C&C tools. Boxer produces standard DRS syntax, uses a neo-Davidsonian analysis for events (with thematic roles from VerbNet), incorporates Van der Sandt's algorithm for presupposition, is 100% compatible with first-order logic (FOL), and normalises cardinal and date expressions. DRSs can be generated in various output formats: resolved or underspecified, in Prolog or XML, flattened or recursive structures, with discourse referents represented by Prolog atoms or variables, and with pretty printed DRSs or not. It is also possible to output FOL formulas translated from the DRSs.<br />
<br />
== CCGbank ==<br />
<br />
CCGbank is a translation of the [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~treebank/home.html Penn Treebank]<br />
into a corpus of Combinatory Categorial Grammar derivations, created by [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr Julia Hockenmaier] and [http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/~steedman Mark Steedman]. You can get it [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/CatalogEntry.jsp?catalogId=LDC2005T13 here] from the [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu Linguistic Data Consortium]. You can also have a look at this [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/CCGbankDemo demo] of the HTML version included in the LDC distribution.<br />
<br />
CCGbank pairs syntactic derivations with sets of word-word dependencies which<br />
approximate the underlying predicate-argument structure.<br />
The translation process and linguistic analyses are explained in the [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/Papers/CCGbank/CCGbankManual.pdf manual].<br />
CCGbank contains 99.44% of the sentences in the Penn Treebank, for<br />
which it corrects a number of inconsistencies and errors in the<br />
original annotation.<br />
<br />
The LDC distribution also contains machine-readable versions<br />
of the data, which contain the syntactic derivations and the corresponding lists of word-word dependencies, <br />
as well as a file that is searchable by [http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/ Doug Rohde]'s [http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/TGrep2/index.html TGrep2] (version 1.15). <br />
<br />
In all versions, the file structure corresponds exactly to that of the original Treebank.<br />
<br />
== Publications ==<br />
<br />
This is a very incomplete list of publications. Follow the links to homepages in the People section to see more, and see the [http://groups.inf.ed.ac.uk/ccg/publications.html CCG site publications page].<br />
<br />
=== Books ===<br />
<br />
* Curry, Haskell B. and Richard Feys (1958), Combinatory Logic, Vol. 1. North-Holland.<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (1996), Surface Structure and Interpretation. The MIT Press.<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (2000), The Syntactic Process. The MIT Press.<br />
<br />
=== Journal Articles ===<br />
<br />
* Jacobson, Pauline (1999), “Towards a variable-free semantics.” Linguistics and Philosophy 22, 1999. 117-184<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (1987), “Combinatory grammars and parasitic gaps”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 5, 403-439.<br />
<br />
=== Articles in books or collections ===<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (1989), "Bound variables in syntax (are there any?)." Semantics and Contextual Expression, ed. by Bartsch, van Benthem, and van Emde Boas. Foris, 294-318.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (1992), "Combinatory grammar and projection from the lexicon." Lexical Matters. CSLI Lecture Notes 24, ed. by Sag and Szabolcsi. Stanford, CSLI Publications. 241-269.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (2003), “Binding on the fly: Cross-sentential anaphora in variable-free semantics”. Resource Sensitivity in Binding and Anaphora, ed. by Kruijff and Oehrle. Kluwer, 215-229.<br />
<br />
=== Conference and workshop papers ===<br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge and Geert-Jan Kruijff. 2002. [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/P/P02/P02-1041.pdf Coupling CCG with Hybrid Logic Dependency Semantics]. In Proceedings of ACL 2002.<br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge and Geert-Jan Kruijff. 2003. [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/E/E03/E03-1036.pdf Multi-Modal Combinatory Categorial Grammar]. In Proceedings of EACL 2003. <br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge, Sudipta Chatterjee, Alexis Palmer, and Ben Wing. 2007. [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/baldridge_etal_geaf07.pdf DotCCG and VisCCG: Wiki and Programming Paradigms for Improved Grammar Engineering with OpenCCG]. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Grammar Engineering Across Frameworks. Stanford, CA.<br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge. 2008. [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/BaldridgeColing08.pdf Weakly supervised supertagging with grammar-informed initialization]. In Proceedings of COLING-2008. Manchester, UK.<br />
<br />
* Fred Hoyt and Jason Baldridge. 2008. [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/P/P08/P08-1038.pdf A Logical Basis for the D combinator and normal form constraints in Combinatory Categorial Grammar]. In Proceedings of ACL/HLT-2008. Columbus, OH. <br />
* Geert-Jan Kruijff and Jason Baldridge. 2004. [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/C/C04/C04-1028.pdf Generalizing Dimensionality in Combinatory Categorial Grammar]. Proceedings of COLING 2004. <br />
<br />
* Mike White and Jason Baldridge. 2003. [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/White-Baldridge-ENLG-2003 Adapting Chart Realization to CCG]. In Proceedings of ENLG 2003. <br />
<br />
=== Dissertations and Masters Theses ===<br />
<br />
* Baldridge, Jason (2002). [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/dissertation.html "Lexically Specified Derivational Control in Combinatory Categorial Grammar."] PhD Dissertation. Univ. of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Gann Bierner (2001). Alternative Phrases: Theoretical Analysis and Practical Applications, PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Julia Hockenmaier (2003). Data and Models for Statistical Parsing with Combinatory Categorial Grammar, PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Beryl Hoffman. 1995. Computational Analysis of the Syntax and Interpretation of ‘Free’ Word-order in Turkish. Ph.D. thesis, University of Pennsylvania. IRCS Report 95-17. <br />
<br />
* Nobo Komagata. 1999. [http://nobo.komagata.net/thesis A Computational Analysis of Information Structure Using Parallel Expository Texts in English and Japanese]. PhD thesis. University of Pennsylvania.<br />
<br />
* Mark McConville (2001) Incremental natural language understanding with Combinatory Categorial Grammar. MSc thesis, School of Cognitive Science, Division of Informatics, University of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Jong C. Park. 1996. [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=923558 A Lexical Theory of Quantification in Ambiguous Query Interpretation]. Ph.D Dissertation, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania.<br />
<br />
== People ==<br />
<br />
* [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid Jason Baldridge] <br />
* [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Johan Bos]<br />
* [http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/~bozsahin/ Cem Bozsahin]<br />
* [http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/work/stephen.clark/ Stephen Clark]<br />
* [http://www.it.usyd.edu.au/about/people/staff/james.shtml James Curran]<br />
* [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr Julia Hockenmaier] <br />
* [http://www.iccs.inf.ed.ac.uk/~steedman/ Mark Steedman]<br />
* [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mwhite/ Michael White]</div>Jasonbaldridgehttps://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Combinatory_Categorial_Grammar&diff=5628Combinatory Categorial Grammar2008-08-20T20:29:23Z<p>Jasonbaldridge: /* Publications */ added a bunch of dissertations and Baldridge publications -Jason</p>
<hr />
<div>== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Steedman2001.jpg|thumb|right|Steedman (2001): The Syntactic Process. MIT Press]]<br />
<br />
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) is an efficiently parseable, yet linguistically expressive grammar formalism. It has a completely transparent interface between surface syntax and underlying semantic representation, including predicate-argument structure, quantification and information structure. <br />
CCG relies on combinatory logic, which has the same expressive power as the lambda calculus, but builds its expressions differently. <br />
<br />
The first linguistic and psycholinguistic arguments for basing the grammar on combinators were put forth by Mark Steedman and Anna Szabolcsi. More recent prominent proponents of the approach are Jacobson and Baldridge.<br />
For example, the [[combinator]] B (the compositor) is useful in creating long-distance dependencies, as in "Who do you think Mary is talking about?" and the combinator W (the duplicator) is useful as the lexical interpretation of reflexive pronouns, as in "Mary talks about herself". Together with I (the identity mapping) and C (the permutator) these form a set of primitive, non-interdefinable combinators. Jacobson interprets personal pronouns as the combinator I, and their binding is aided by a complex combinator Z, as in "Mary lost her way". Z is definable using W and B.<br />
<br />
CCG is known to define the same language class as tree-adjoining grammar, linear indexed grammar, and head grammar, and is said to be mildly context-sensitive.<br />
<br />
One of the key publications of CCG is ''The Syntactic Process'' by Mark Steedman. There are various efficient parsers available for CCG.<br />
<br />
== Software ==<br />
<br />
=== OpenCCG: The OpenNLP CCG library ===<br />
<br />
[http://openccg.sourceforge.net OpenCCG], the [http://opennlp.sf.net OpenNLP] CCG Library, <br />
is an open source natural language processing library written in<br />
Java, which provides parsing and realization services based on Mark Steedman's<br />
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) formalism.<br />
The library makes use of multi-modal extensions to CCG developed by <br />
[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid Jason Baldridge] as part of the [http://grok.sourceforge.net/ Grok] system<br />
(the precursor to OpenCCG). Current development efforts, led by [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mwhite/ Michael White], are focused on making the realizer practical to use in dialogue systems. For the latest news about OpenCCG, check out the <br />
[http://openccg.sourceforge.net/ OpenCCG page] on SourceForge.<br />
<br />
=== The C&amp;C Parser and Supertagger ===<br />
<br />
The [http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki C&amp;C CCG parser and supertagger] form <br />
part of the language processing tools developed by James Curran and Stephan Clark.<br />
The tools are written in C++ and have been designed to be efficient enough for large-scale NLP tasks.<br />
<br />
=== StatCCG ===<br />
<br />
StatCCG is a statistical CCG parser (trained on CCGbank) written by Julia Hockenmaier. Executables are available [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/Parser/index.html here]<br />
<br />
=== Boxer ===<br />
<br />
[http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki/boxer Boxer] is developed by [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Johan Bos] and generates formal semantic representations for CCG grammars. Boxer takes as input CCG (Combinatory Categorial Grammar) derivations and produces DRSs (Discourse Representation Structures, from Hans Kamp's Discourse Representation Theory) as output. It is distributed with the C&C tools. Boxer produces standard DRS syntax, uses a neo-Davidsonian analysis for events (with thematic roles from VerbNet), incorporates Van der Sandt's algorithm for presupposition, is 100% compatible with first-order logic (FOL), and normalises cardinal and date expressions. DRSs can be generated in various output formats: resolved or underspecified, in Prolog or XML, flattened or recursive structures, with discourse referents represented by Prolog atoms or variables, and with pretty printed DRSs or not. It is also possible to output FOL formulas translated from the DRSs.<br />
<br />
== CCGbank ==<br />
<br />
CCGbank is a translation of the [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~treebank/home.html Penn Treebank]<br />
into a corpus of Combinatory Categorial Grammar derivations, created by [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr Julia Hockenmaier] and [http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/~steedman Mark Steedman]. You can get it [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/CatalogEntry.jsp?catalogId=LDC2005T13 here] from the [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu Linguistic Data Consortium]. You can also have a look at this [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/CCGbankDemo demo] of the HTML version included in the LDC distribution.<br />
<br />
CCGbank pairs syntactic derivations with sets of word-word dependencies which<br />
approximate the underlying predicate-argument structure.<br />
The translation process and linguistic analyses are explained in the [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/Papers/CCGbank/CCGbankManual.pdf manual].<br />
CCGbank contains 99.44% of the sentences in the Penn Treebank, for<br />
which it corrects a number of inconsistencies and errors in the<br />
original annotation.<br />
<br />
The LDC distribution also contains machine-readable versions<br />
of the data, which contain the syntactic derivations and the corresponding lists of word-word dependencies, <br />
as well as a file that is searchable by [http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/ Doug Rohde]'s [http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/TGrep2/index.html TGrep2] (version 1.15). <br />
<br />
In all versions, the file structure corresponds exactly to that of the original Treebank.<br />
<br />
== Publications ==<br />
<br />
This is a very incomplete list of publications. Follow the links to homepages in the People section to see more.<br />
<br />
=== Books ===<br />
<br />
* Curry, Haskell B. and Richard Feys (1958), Combinatory Logic, Vol. 1. North-Holland.<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (1996), Surface Structure and Interpretation. The MIT Press.<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (2000), The Syntactic Process. The MIT Press.<br />
<br />
=== Journal Articles ===<br />
<br />
* Jacobson, Pauline (1999), “Towards a variable-free semantics.” Linguistics and Philosophy 22, 1999. 117-184<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (1987), “Combinatory grammars and parasitic gaps”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 5, 403-439.<br />
<br />
=== Articles in books or collections ===<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (1989), "Bound variables in syntax (are there any?)." Semantics and Contextual Expression, ed. by Bartsch, van Benthem, and van Emde Boas. Foris, 294-318.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (1992), "Combinatory grammar and projection from the lexicon." Lexical Matters. CSLI Lecture Notes 24, ed. by Sag and Szabolcsi. Stanford, CSLI Publications. 241-269.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (2003), “Binding on the fly: Cross-sentential anaphora in variable-free semantics”. Resource Sensitivity in Binding and Anaphora, ed. by Kruijff and Oehrle. Kluwer, 215-229.<br />
<br />
=== Conference and workshop papers ===<br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge and Geert-Jan Kruijff. 2002. [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/P/P02/P02-1041.pdf Coupling CCG with Hybrid Logic Dependency Semantics]. In Proceedings of ACL 2002.<br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge and Geert-Jan Kruijff. 2003. [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/E/E03/E03-1036.pdf Multi-Modal Combinatory Categorial Grammar]. In Proceedings of EACL 2003. <br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge, Sudipta Chatterjee, Alexis Palmer, and Ben Wing. 2007. [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/baldridge_etal_geaf07.pdf DotCCG and VisCCG: Wiki and Programming Paradigms for Improved Grammar Engineering with OpenCCG]. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Grammar Engineering Across Frameworks. Stanford, CA.<br />
<br />
* Jason Baldridge. 2008. [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/BaldridgeColing08.pdf Weakly supervised supertagging with grammar-informed initialization]. In Proceedings of COLING-2008. Manchester, UK.<br />
<br />
* Fred Hoyt and Jason Baldridge. 2008. [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/P/P08/P08-1038.pdf A Logical Basis for the D combinator and normal form constraints in Combinatory Categorial Grammar]. In Proceedings of ACL/HLT-2008. Columbus, OH. <br />
* Geert-Jan Kruijff and Jason Baldridge. 2004. [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/C/C04/C04-1028.pdf Generalizing Dimensionality in Combinatory Categorial Grammar]. Proceedings of COLING 2004. <br />
<br />
* Mike White and Jason Baldridge. 2003. [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/White-Baldridge-ENLG-2003 Adapting Chart Realization to CCG]. In Proceedings of ENLG 2003. <br />
<br />
=== Dissertations and Masters Theses ===<br />
<br />
* Baldridge, Jason (2002). [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/papers/dissertation.html "Lexically Specified Derivational Control in Combinatory Categorial Grammar."] PhD Dissertation. Univ. of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Gann Bierner (2001). Alternative Phrases: Theoretical Analysis and Practical Applications, PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Julia Hockenmaier (2003). Data and Models for Statistical Parsing with Combinatory Categorial Grammar, PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Beryl Hoffman. 1995. Computational Analysis of the Syntax and Interpretation of ‘Free’ Word-order in Turkish. Ph.D. thesis, University of Pennsylvania. IRCS Report 95-17. <br />
<br />
* Nobo Komagata. 1999. [http://nobo.komagata.net/thesis A Computational Analysis of Information Structure Using Parallel Expository Texts in English and Japanese]. PhD thesis. University of Pennsylvania.<br />
<br />
* Mark McConville (2001) Incremental natural language understanding with Combinatory Categorial Grammar. MSc thesis, School of Cognitive Science, Division of Informatics, University of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Jong C. Park. 1996. [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=923558 A Lexical Theory of Quantification in Ambiguous Query Interpretation]. Ph.D Dissertation, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania.<br />
<br />
== People ==<br />
<br />
* [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid Jason Baldridge] <br />
* [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Johan Bos]<br />
* [http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/~bozsahin/ Cem Bozsahin]<br />
* [http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/work/stephen.clark/ Stephen Clark]<br />
* [http://www.it.usyd.edu.au/about/people/staff/james.shtml James Curran]<br />
* [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr Julia Hockenmaier] <br />
* [http://www.iccs.inf.ed.ac.uk/~steedman/ Mark Steedman]<br />
* [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mwhite/ Michael White]</div>Jasonbaldridgehttps://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=People&diff=5627People2008-08-20T19:57:13Z<p>Jasonbaldridge: /* B */ Updated Baldridge webpage</p>
<hr />
<div>This is a list of homepages of researchers in Computational Linguistics, in the form '''last name, first name - affiliation'''. <br />
<br />
See also [[Academic genealogy]].<br />
<br />
== A ==<br />
<br />
*[http://littera.deusto.es/prof/abaitua Abaitua, Joseba] - Universidad de Deusto<br />
*[http://tony.abou-assaleh.net Abou-Assaleh, Tony] - Dalhousie University<br />
*[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~ladamic/ Adamic, Lada] - University of Michigan<br />
*[http://www.cond.org/ Adar, Eytan] - University of Washington<br />
*[http://www.dfki.de/~janal/ Alexandersson, Jan] - German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence<br />
*[http://www.ics.uci.edu/~boris Aleksandrovsky, Boris] UC Irvine<br />
*[http://www-scf.usc.edu/~alcazar/ Alcázar, Asier] - University of Southern California<br />
*[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/kidearen_argitalpenak?kidea=1000808989 Alegria, Iñaki] - University of the Basque Country<br />
*[http://www.dfki.de/~janal/ Alexandersson, Jan] German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence<br />
*[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/james/ Allen, James] - University of Rochester<br />
*[http://www.dc.fi.udc.es/~alonso/ Alonso, Miguel A.]<br />
*[http://www.linguist.jussieu.fr/~amsili/ Amsili, Pascal] - University of Paris 7 - Denis Diderot<br />
*[http://www.aueb.gr/users/ion/ Androutsopoulos, Ion] - Athens University of Economics and Business<br />
*[http://clwww.essex.ac.uk/~doug/ Arnold, Doug] Univ. of Essex<br />
*[http://www.ai.sri.com/~appelt/ Appelt, Doug ] SRI International<br />
*[http://korpus.dsl.dk/staff/ja/ Asmussen, Jörg] - DSL - Society for Danish Language and Literature, Copenhagen<br />
*[http://www.carleton.ca/~asudeh/ Asudeh, Ash] - Carleton University <br />
*[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~tania/ Avgustinova, Tania] - Universität des Saarlandes<br />
<br />
== B ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~klb Baker, Kathryn] - Carnegie Mellon University<br />
*[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/ Baldridge, Jason] - University of Texas at Austin<br />
*[http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~tim/ Baldwin, Timothy] - University of Melbourne<br />
*[http://www.georgetown.edu/cball/cball.html Ball, Catherine] - Georgetown University<br />
*[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~banerjee Banerjee, Satanjeev] - Carnegie Mellon University<br />
*[http://www.lsi.upc.es/~batalla Batalla,Jordi Atserias] - UPC, Spain<br />
*[http://www5.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/Personen/batliner/ Batliner, Anton] - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-N&uuml;rnberg<br />
*[http://www.dfki.de/~becker Becker, Tilman] - DFKI Saarbruecken, Germany<br />
*[http://faculty.washington.edu/ebender Bender, Emily] - University of Washington<br />
*[http://homepages.infoseek.com/~corpuslinguistics/homepage.html Berber,Tony] Sardinha<br />
*[http://wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de/~cbiemann/ Biemann, Chris] - University of Leipzig, Germany<br />
*[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/students/kimb Binsted, Kim] University of Edinburgh<br />
*[http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~sb/ Bird, Steven] - University of Melbourne<br />
*[http://seneca.uab.es/filfrirom/Blanco.html Blanco, Xavier] - Autonomous University of Barcelona<br />
*[http://www.pdg.cnb.uam.es/blaschke/personalPage.html Blaschke, Christian]<br />
*[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~kalina/ Boncheva, Kalina] Univ. of Sheffield]<br />
*[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~kalina/ Bontcheva, Kalina] - Univ. of Sheffield<br />
*[http://www.kecl.ntt.co.jp/icl/mtg/members/bond/ Bond, Francis] - NTT Communication Science Laboratories<br />
*[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Bos, Johan] - University of Rome "La Sapienza"<br />
*[http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~boufaden/ Boufaden, Narjès] - University of Montreal<br />
*[http://www.let.rug.nl/~gosse Bouma, Gosse] - RU Groningen<br />
*[http://www.di.fc.ul.pt/~ahb/ Branco, Antonio] - University of Lisbon<br />
*[http://www.karlbranting.net Branting, Karl]<br />
*[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~thorsten Brants, Thorsten] - University of Saarland<br />
*[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~brawer Brawer, Sascha] - University of the Saarland<br />
*[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~ebreck Breck, Eric] - Cornell University<br />
*[http://clwww.essex.ac.uk/~andrewb/ Bredenkamp, Andrew]<br />
*[http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/ Breen, Jim] - Monash University<br />
*[http://www.cog.jhu.edu/faculty/brent.html Brent,Michael R.] Johns Hopkins University<br />
*[http://www.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/~brewka/ Brewka] - Gerhard, University of Leipzig<br />
*[http://www.xsoft.com/ Breyman, Clark] Xerox Linguistic Technologies<br />
*[http://research.microsoft.com/%7Ebrill/ Brill, Eric] - Microsoft Research<br />
*[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/ejb/ Briscoe, Ted] - University of Cambridge<br />
*[http://www.dfki.de/~paulb Buitelaar, Paul] - DFKI<br />
*[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/razvan/ Bunescu, Razvan] - University of Texas at Austin<br />
<br />
== C ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.hinocatv.ne.jp/~price/ Caldwell, Price] - Meisei University<br />
*[http://www.acs.ilstu.edu/faculty/mecalif/calif.htm Califf,Mary Elaine] - Illinois State University<br />
*[http://ilk.uvt.nl/~sander/ Canisius, Sander] - Tilburg University<br />
*[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/carberry.html Carberry, Sandra] - Univ. of Delaware, Univ. of Pennsylvania<br />
*[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Faculty/Claire_Cardie.html Cardie, Claire] - Cornell University<br />
*[http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/lab/nlp/carroll/carroll.html Carroll, John] - University of Sussex<br />
*[http://jones.ling.indiana.edu/~dcavar Cavar, Damir] - Indiana University, Bloomington<br />
*[http://tantek.com/map.html Celik, Tantek] - Technorati<br />
*[http://cer.freeshell.org Cer, Daniel] - University of Colorado at Boulder<br />
*[http://nlp.changwon.ac.kr/~jcha/ Cha, Jeongwon] - Changwon National University<br />
*[http://www.cs.uleth.ca/~chali Chali, Yllias] - University of Lethbridge<br />
*[http://www.cs.brown.edu/people/ec/home.html Charniak, Eugene] - Brown University<br />
*[http://www.ciscl.unisi.it/persone/chesi.htm Chesi, Cristiano] - CISCL, University of Siena<br />
*[http://www.isi.edu/~chiang Chiang, David] - USC Information Sciences Institute<br />
*[http://www.alphabit.net/Docente/docente_eng.htm Chiari, Isabella] - University "La Sapienza" of Rome<br />
*[http://korterm.kaist.ac.kr/kschoi/ Choi, Key-Sun] - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology<br />
*[http://web.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/org/l/linguistics/www/chomsky.home.html Chomsky, Noam] - MIT<br />
*[http://research.microsoft.com/users/church/ Church, Kenneth] - Microsoft Research<br />
*[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~fabio/ Ciravegna, Fabio] - University of Sheffield<br />
*[http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/work/stephen.clark/ Clark, Stephen] - University of Oxford<br />
*[http://compbio.uchsc.edu/Hunter_lab/Cohen Cohen, Kevin Bretonnel] - U. Colorado School of Medicine<br />
*[http://people.csail.mit.edu/u/m/mcollins/public_html/ Collins, Michael] - MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory<br />
*[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/aac10/ Copestake, Ann] - University of Cambridge<br />
*[http://lands.let.kun.nl/TSpublic/coppen Coppen, Peter-Arno] - University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands<br />
*[http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~gvcormac/ Cormack, Gordon] - University of Waterloo<br />
*[http://www.psych.qub.ac.uk/staff/teaching/cowie/index.aspx Cowie, Roddy] - Queen's University, Belfast<br />
*[http://www.biostat.wisc.edu/~craven/ Craven, Mark] - University of Wisconsin<br />
*[http://www2.ulster.ac.uk/staff/n.creaney.html Creaney, Norman] - University of Ulster<br />
*[http://www.dia.uniroma3.it/~crescenz/ Crescenzi, Valter] - Università Roma Tre<br />
*[http://thor.info.uaic.ro/~dcristea/ Cristea, Dan] - University of Iasi<br />
*[http://www.harlequin.com/ Crowe, Jeremy] - Harlequin Ltd.<br />
*[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~hamish Cunningham, Hamish] - University of Sheffield<br />
*[http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~jc/ Cussens, James] - University of York<br />
<br />
== D ==<br />
*[http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~dagan/ Dagan, Ido] - Bar Ilan University, Israel<br />
*[http://conversational-technologies.com Dahl, Deborah] - Conversational Technologies<br />
*[http://stl.recherche.univ-lille3.fr/sitespersonnels/dal/index.html Dal, Georgette] - Universite de Lille<br />
*[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~rdale Dale, Robert] - Centre for Language Technology, Macquarie University<br />
*[http://www.cs.utah.edu/~hal/ Daumé III, Hal] - University of Utah<br />
*[http://davies-linguistics.byu.edu Davies, Mark] - Brigham Young University<br />
*[http://cs.haifa.ac.il/~edaya Daya, Ezra] - NICE Systems Ltd.<br />
*[http://www.csi.uottawa.ca/~delannoy Delannoy, Jean-Francois] - University of Ottawa<br />
*[http://www.uqtr.uquebec.ca/~delisle/index.html Delisle, Sylvain] UQTR<br />
*[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/denis Denis, Pascal] - University of Texas at Austin<br />
*[http://www.math.bas.bg/~iad/ Derzhanski, Ivan] - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<br />
*[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~dm/ Detmar Meurers, Walt] - The Ohio State University Linguistics Dept.<br />
*[http://www.limsi.fr/Individu/devil/ Devillers, Laurence] - LIMSI<br />
*[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/kidearen_argitalpenak?kidea=1000808994 Díaz de Ilarraza, Arantza] - University of Basque Country<br />
*[http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/bonnie/ Dorr, Bonnie] - University of Maryland<br />
*[http://www.nyu.edu/pages/linguistics/doughert.html Dougherty, Ray] - New York University<br />
*[http://www.ai.sri.com/~dowding Dowding, John] - SRI<br />
*[http://www.pcug.org.au/~jdowling/ Dowling, Jason] PC Users Group ACT Inc., Canberra, Australia<br />
<br />
== E ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.uni-bielefeld.de/lili/personen/cebert/ Ebert, Christian] - University of Bielefeld<br />
*[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~eckle/ Eckle-Kohler, Judith]<br />
*[http://www.philipedmonds.com/ Edmonds, Philip] - University of Toronto<br />
*[http://cs.jhu.edu/~jason Eisner, Jason] - Johns Hopkins University<br />
*[http://www.cs.bgu.ac.il/~elhadad/ Elhadad, Michael] - Ben-Gurion University of the Negev<br />
*[http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~marke/ Ellison, T. Mark] - University of Edinburgh<br />
*[http://www.ik.fh-hannover.de/ik/person/ben/ben.htm Endres-Niggemeyer, Brigitte] FH Hannover<br />
*[http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/info/perso/permanents/enguehard/ Enguehard, Chantal] - Laboratoire d'Informatique de Nantes Atlantique<br />
*[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~erbach/ Erbach, Gregor] - Universität des Saarlandes<br />
*[http://nl.ijs.si/et/ Erjavec, Tomaz]<br />
*[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/erk/ Erk, Katrin] - University of Texas at Austin<br />
*[http://www.cogsci.uni-osnabrueck.de/~severt/ Evert, Stefan] - University of Osnabrück<br />
<br />
== F ==<br />
<br />
*[http://slt.wcl.ee.upatras.gr/Fakotakis/personal.htm Fakotakis, Nikos] - University of Patras<br />
*[http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/alex/home.htm Fang, Alex Chengyu] - University College London<br />
*[http://www.purl.org/net/fa Feldman, Anna] - Montclair State University<br />
*[http://wordnet.princeton.edu/~fellbaum/ Fellbaum, Christiane] - Princeton University<br />
*[http://ling.cuc.edu.cn/htliu/feng/feng.htm Feng, Zhiwei] - IAL of China<br />
*[http://www.cs.umbc.edu/~finin/ Finin, Tim] - University of Maryland<br />
*[http://lingo.stanford.edu/dan/ Flickinger, Dan] - CSLI, Stanford University<br />
*[http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/~fosler Fosler, Eric] - ICSI, University of California at Berkeley<br />
*[http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~fouvry/ Fouvry, Frederik]<br />
*[http://www.cs.brown.edu/people/hjf/ Fox, Heidi] - Brown University, Metacarta<br />
*[http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~francez Francez, Nissim] - Technion, Israel<br />
*[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ref/ Frederking, Robert] - Carnegie-Mellon University<br />
*[http://www.ee.ust.hk/~pascale/ Fung, Pascale] - Hong Kong University of Science and Technology<br />
<br />
== G ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~gabr Gabrilovich, Evgeniy]<br />
*[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~robertg/ Gaizauskas, Rob] - University of Sheffield<br />
*[http://www.sics.se/~gamback/ Gamback, Bjorn] - Swedish Institute of Computer Science<br />
*[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/students/narcisbg Gardella, Narcis Bassols] Univ. of Edinburgh<br />
*[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~claire/ Gardent, Claire] Universit&auml;t des Saarlandes<br />
*[http://www.gelbukh.com/ Gelbukh, Alexander] - CIC-IPN<br />
*[http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/people/germann/ Germann, Ulrich] - ISI<br />
*[https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/girju/index.html Girju, Roxana] - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign<br />
*[http://tcc.itc.it/people/giuliano.html Giuliano, Claudio] - ITC-irst<br />
*[http://www.uni-salzburg.at/portal/page?_pageid=425,405845&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL Goebl, Hans] - Univeristät Salzburg<br />
*[http://www.cs.ucf.edu/~gomez Gomez, Fernando] ucf<br />
*[http://www.esi.uem.es/~jmgomez Gomez-Hidalgo, Jose-Maria] - UEM<br />
*[http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/faculty/stgries/ Gries, Stefan Th.] - UCSB<br />
*[http://cs.nyu.edu/cs/faculty/grishman/ Grishman, Ralph] - New York University<br />
*[http://das-www.harvard.edu/users/faculty/Barbara_Grosz/Barbara_Grosz.html Grosz, Barbara] - Harvard University<br />
*[http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/people/gruber/ Gruber, Tom] - Stanford University<br />
*[http://www.cs.duke.edu/~cig Guinn, Curry I.] - Duke U.<br />
*[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/ Gurevych, Iryna] - Darmstadt University of Technology<br />
*[http://www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/~guvenir/guvenir.html Guvenir, Altay] - Bilkent University<br />
<br />
== H ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.swan.ac.uk/french/web-content/staff/p-ten-hacken.html Hacken, Pius ten] - Swansea University<br />
*[http://www.coling.uni-freiburg.de/~hahn/hahn.html Hahn, Udo] - University of Freiburg<br />
*[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~cuihang Hang, Cui] - National University of Singapore<br />
*[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~hansen Hansen-Schirra, Silvia] - Universität des Saarlandes<br />
*[http://renoir.vill.edu/faculty/hardt/html/home.html Hardt, Daniel] Villanova University<br />
*[http://128.147.244.54/dbmi/profile.cfm?ID=23751 Harkema, Henk] - University of Pittsburgh<br />
*[http://pi7.fernuni-hagen.de/hartrumpf/ Hartrumpf, Sven] - University of Hagen, Germany<br />
*[http://www.cis.udel.edu/~harvey/ Harvey, Terry]<br />
*[http://www.linguistik.uni-erlangen.de/~rrh/ Hausser, Roland] - University of Erlangen, Germany<br />
*[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst Hearst, Marti] - UC Berkeley<br />
*[http://www.cse.ogi.edu/~heeman Heeman, Peter] - OGI<br />
*[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jhender6/ Henderson, James] - University of Edinburgh<br />
*[http://www.asp.ogi.edu/~hynek/ Hermansky, Hynek] - Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology<br />
*[http://www.isi.edu/~ulf/ Hermjakob, Ulf] - USC/ISI<br />
*[http://www.esi.uem.es/~jmgomez/ Hidalgo, José María Gómez] - Universidad Europea de Madrid<br />
*[http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/staff/hess.html Hess, Michael] - Univ. of Zurich, Switzerland<br />
*[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~gh Hirst, Graeme] - University of Toronto<br />
*[http://www.isi.edu/~hobbs/ Jerry Hobbs] - USC/ISI<br />
*[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~chogan Hogan, Christopher] - Carnegie-Mellon University<br />
*[http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/people/hovy.html Hovy, Eduard] - ISI<br />
*[http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~jcl2/churen.htm Huang, Chu-Ren] - Academica Sinica<br />
*[http://www.cs.ucf.edu/~hull Hull, Richard] - University of Central Florida<br />
*[http://compbio.uchsc.edu/Hunter_lab/Hunter Hunter, Larry] - U. Colorado School of Medicine<br />
*[http://datamining.typepad.com/data_mining/ Hurst, Matthew] - BuzzMetrics<br />
*[http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/WJHutchins/ Hutchins, John]<br />
*[http://www.cs.pitt.edu/~hwa Hwa, Rebecca] - University of Pittsburgh<br />
<br />
== I ==<br />
<br />
== J ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/pjacobs.html Jacobs, Paul] - General Electric<br />
*[http://www.stanford.edu/~tiflo Jaeger, T. Flroian] - Stanford University<br />
*[http://ist.psu.edu/faculty_pages/jjansen/ Jansen, Jim] - Penn State<br />
*[http://www.cs.nyu.edu/~hengji Ji, Heng] - New York University<br />
*[http://www.cog.brown.edu/~mj Johnson, Mark] - Brown University<br />
*[http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~bernie/ Jones, Bernie] University of Edinburgh<br />
*[http://www.ida.liu.se/~arnjo/ Jönsson, Arne] - Linkoping University<br />
<br />
== K ==<br />
*[http://cs.joensuu.fi/~tkakkone Kakkonen, Tuomo] - University of Joensuu<br />
*[http://www.ai.sri.com/~megumi Kameyama, Megumi] - SRI International<br />
*[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~kanmy Kan, Min-Yen] - National University of Singapore<br />
*[http://users.utu.fi/karhumak/ Karhumaki, Juhani] - University of Turku<br />
*[http://www.sics.se/~jussi/ Karlgren, Jussi] - SICS, Sweden<br />
*[http://www2.parc.com/istl/members/karttune/ Karttunen, Lauri]<br />
*[http://elex.amu.edu.pl/ifa/staff/kaszubski.html Kaszubski, Przemys&#322;aw] - Adam Mickiewicz University<br />
*[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/rjkate/ Kate, Rohit J.] - University of Texas at Austin<br />
*[http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~kazakov/ Kazakov, Dimitar] - University of York<br />
*[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/keller/ Keller, Frank] - University of Edinburgh<br />
*[http://www.cs.dal.ca Keselj, Vlado] Dalhousie University<br />
*[http://www.mabidkhan.com/ Khan, Abid] - University of Peshawar, Pakistan<br />
*[http://www.itri.bton.ac.uk/~Adam.Kilgarriff Kilgarriff, Adam] - University of Brighton<br />
*[http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~sklein/sklein.html Klein, Sheldon] - University of Wisconsin<br />
*[http://www.isi.edu/~knight/ Knight, Kevin] - ISI<br />
*[http://www.iccs.inf.ed.ac.uk/~pkoehn/ Koehn, Philipp] - University of Edinburgh<br />
*[http://svenska.gu.se/~svedk Kokkinakis, Dimitrios] - Göteborg University<br />
*[http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~kordoni/ Kordoni, Valia] - Universität des Saarlandes<br />
*[http://www.kornai.com/ Kornai, Andras]<br />
*[http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/~koskenni/ Koskenniemi, Kimmo] - University of Helsinki<br />
*[http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~kosseim/ Kosseim, Leila] - Concordia University, Montreal<br />
*[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~zkozareva/ Kozareva, Zornitsa] - University of Alicante<br />
*[http://dis.tpd.tno.nl/mmts/wessel_kraaij.html Kraaij, Wessel] - TNO<br />
*[http://www-sk.let.uu.nl Krauwer, Steven, ELSNET] - Utrecht University<br />
*[http://external.nj.nec.com/homepages/krovetz/ Krovetz, Robert] NEC<br />
*[http://www.peter-kuehnlein.net/ Kuehnlein, Peter] - University of Groningen<br />
*[http://jones.ling.indiana.edu/~skuebler/ Kuebler, Sandra] - Indiana University, Bloomington<br />
*[http://www.cs.ucd.ie/staff/nick/ Kushmerick, Nicholas] - University College, Dublin<br />
<br />
== L ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.ling.gu.se/~lager/ Lager, Torbjörn] - Göteborg University<br />
*[http://www.ict.csiro.au/staff/Andrew.Lampert/ Lampert, Andrew] - CSIRO ICT Centre / Macquarie University<br />
*[http://tcc.itc.it/people/lavelli/ Lavelli, Alberto] - ITC-IRST<br />
*[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jlawler/index.html Lawler, John] - University of Michigan<br />
*[http://nlp.postech.ac.kr/~gblee Lee, Geunbae] - POSTECH<br />
*[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/llee Lee, Lillian] - Cornell University<br />
*[http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~mgl Lee, Mark] - University of Birmingham<br />
*[http://www.ling.lancs.ac.uk/staff/geoff/geoff.htm Leech, Geoffrey] - Professor LAMEL, Lancaster University, UK<br />
*[http://jochenleidner.com/ Leidner, Jochen L.] - Research Scientist, Thomson Reuters Corporation<br />
*[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/olemon Lemon, Oliver]<br />
*[http://www.ilc.cnr.it/~lenci/ Lenci, Alessandro] - Università di Pisa<br />
*[http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~levow/ Levow, Gina-Anne] - University of Chicago<br />
*[http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~baoli/ Li, Baoli] - Georgia Institute of Technology<br />
*[http://www1.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/~hli/ Li, Haizhou] - Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore<br />
*[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~myl/ Liberman, Mark] - University of Pennsylvania<br />
*[http://www.isi.edu/~cyl/ Lin, Chin-Yew] USC/ISI<br />
*[http://www.cs.umanitoba.ca/~lindek/ Lin, Dekang] - University of Manitoba<br />
*[http://htliu.yeah.net/ Liu, Haitao] - Communication University of China<br />
*[http://mtgroup.ict.ac.cn/~liuyang/ Liu, Yang] - Institute of Computing Technology, CAS<br />
*[http://terra.di.fct.unl.pt/~gpl/ Lopes, Gabriel] New University of Lisbon<br />
*[http://www.langnat.com/~loupy/index-en.html Loupy, Claude de] - Universite de Paris X Nanterre<br />
*[http://www.personal.psu.edu/xxl13 Lu, Xiaofei] - Pennsylvania State University<br />
<br />
== M ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~andym/ MacFarlane, Andrew] - City University of London<br />
*[http://www-cs-students.Stanford.EDU/~magerman Magerman, David] - Stanford University<br />
*[http://tcc.itc.it/people/magnini.html Magnini, Bernardo] - ITC-IRST<br />
*[http://www.karacaymalkar.com Malkar, Karacay] - Webportal<br />
*[http://www.rohan.sdsu.edu/~malouf Malouf, Rob] - San Diego State University<br />
*[http://www.sultry.arts.usyd.edu.au/ Manning, Christopher] - University of Sydney<br />
*[http://www.demarcken.org/carl/ de Marcken, Carl] ITA Software<br />
*[http://www.isi.edu/~marcu/ Marcu, Daniel] - USC/ISI<br />
*[http://overstated.net/about Marlow, Cameron] - Yahoo! Research<br />
*[http://www.limsi.fr/Individu/martin/ Martin,Jean-Claude] - LIMSI<br />
*[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~mpawel Mazur, Pawel] - Wroclaw University of Technology and Macquarie University<br />
*[http://www.informatics.susx.ac.uk/research/nlp/mccarthy/mccarthy.html McCarthy, Diana] - University of Sussex<br />
*[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/mmcconvi McConville, Mark] - University of Edinburgh<br />
*[http://alum.mit.edu/www/davidmcdonald/ McDonald, David] - BBN Technologies<br />
*[http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~kathy McKeown, Kathy] Columbia University<br />
*[http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mccoy/ McKoy, Kathy] - University of Delaware<br />
*[http://stp.lingfil.uu.se/~bea Megyesi, B. Beata] - Uppsala University<br />
*[http://cs.nyu.edu/~melamed Melamed, I. Dan] - New York University<br />
*[http://www.latl.unige.ch/personal/paola.html Merlo, Paola] - University of Geneva<br />
*[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~dm/ Meurers, Walt Detmar] OH State Linguistics<br />
*[http://www.csse.uwa.edu.au/~fontor/ Midgley, T. Daniel] - University of Western Australia<br />
*[http://www.cs.unt.edu/~rada Mihalcea, Rada] - University of North Texas<br />
*[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~elenimi/ Miltsakaki, Eleni] - University of Pennsylvania<br />
*[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~mariam Milosavljevic, Maria] - Macquarie University<br />
*[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~mineur Mineur, Anne-Marie] University of the Saarland / Utrecht University<br />
*[http://imaginarycartography.com/work.html Minor, Joshua T.] - Cataphora, Inc.<br />
*[http://staff.science.uva.nl/~gilad/ Mishne, Gilad] - University of Amsterdam<br />
*[http://www.wlv.ac.uk/~le1825/main.html Mitkov, Ruslan] - University of Wolverhampton<br />
*[http://www.let.rug.nl/~begona/ Moirón, Begoña Villada] - University of Groningen<br />
*[http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/~molla/ Molla-Aliod, Diego] - University of Zurich<br />
*[http://www.dcs.qmul.ac.uk/~christof/ Monz, Christof] - University of Amsterdam (ILLC)<br />
*[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mooney/ Mooney, Raymond J.] - University of Texas at Austin<br />
*[http://www.signiform.com/erik/ Mueller, Erik] - IBM Research<br />
*[http://www.xn--stefan-mller-klb.net/ Müler, Stefan] - Universität Bremen<br />
*[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/people/mueller/ Müller, Christof] - Darmstadt University of Technology<br />
*[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/eines/membre.cgi?id=eng&nom=rafael&tipus=pdi Muñoz, Rafael] - University of Alicante<br />
<br />
== N ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ai-lab/people/grad/nahm.html Nahm, Un Yong] - University of Texas, Austin<br />
*[http://www.univ-nancy2.fr/pers/namer/ Namer, Fiammetta] - University of Nancy<br />
*[http://www.lr.pi.titech.ac.jp/~nanno/index.cgi?page=Tomoyuki+NANNO Nanno, Tomoyuki] - Tokyo Institute of Technology<br />
*[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~borja/ Navarro, Borja] - University of Alicante, Spain<br />
*[http://tcc.itc.it/people/negri.html Negri, Matteo] - ITC-irst<br />
*[http://www.let.rug.nl/~nerbonne Nerbonne, John] - RU Groningen<br />
*[http://cl-www.dfki.uni-sb.de/~neumann Neumann, Guenter] - DFKI, Saarbrücken<br />
*[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~nght Ng, Hwee Tou] - National University of Singapore<br />
*[http://www.hlt.utdallas.edu/~vince Ng, Vincent] - University of Texas at Dallas<br />
*[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/students/nicolas/ Nicolov, Nicolas] University of Edinburgh<br />
*[http://www.slt.atr.co.jp/~night/ Nightingale, Stephen] - ATR Institute International<br />
*[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/mnissim/ Nissim, Malvina] - University of Bologna<br />
*[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~niuzheng Niu, Zheng-Yu] - NU Singapore<br />
*[http://w3.msi.vxu.se/~nivre/ Nivre, Joakim] - Växjö University<br />
*[http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/norvig.html Norvig, Peter]<br />
<br />
== O ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/~jon/ Oberlander, Jon] - U. Edinburgh<br />
*[http://people.sabanciuniv.edu/oflazer/ Oflazer, Kemal] - Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey<br />
*[http://www.loa-cnr.it/oltramari.html Oltramari, Alessandro] - Laboratory for Applied Ontology, Italian National Research Council<br />
*[http://www.wlv.ac.uk/~in6093/ Orasan, Constantin] - University of Wolverhampton<br />
*[http://www.bultreebank.org/petya/OsenovaPub.html Osenova, Petya] - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<br />
<br />
== P ==<br />
<br />
<br />
*[http://cst.dk/patrizia/ Paggio, Patrizia] - University of Copenhagen<br />
*[http://www.slt.atr.co.jp/~kpaik/ Paik, Kyonghee] - ATR Spoken Language Translation Research Laboratories<br />
*[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/People/pabo Pang, Bo] - Cornell University<br />
*[http://verbs.colorado.edu/~mpalmer/ Palmer, Martha] - University of Colorado<br />
*[http://www.isi.edu/~pantel/ Pantel, Patrick] - ISI/University of Southern California<br />
*[http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~becky/ Passonneau, Rebecca] Columbia University and Bellcore<br />
*[http://www.ilsp.gr/homepages/pastra_eng.html/ Pastra, Katerina] Institute for Language and Speech Processing<br />
*[http://www.cs.utah.edu/~sidd Patwardhan, Siddharth] - University of Utah<br />
*[http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/english.html Paulo Pardal] - Joana L&sup2;F] - INESC-ID<br />
*[http://perswww.kuleuven.be/yves_peirsman Peirsman, Yves] - University of Leuven<br />
*[http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse Pedersen, Ted] - University of Minnesota, Duluth<br />
*[http://ai-nlp.info.uniroma2.it/pennacchiotti Pennacchiotti, Marco] - University of Roma Tor Vergata<br />
*[http://www.perry.com/ Perry, John] - UCLA<br />
*[http://tcc.itc.it/people/pianesi.html Pianesi, Fabio] - ITC-irst <br />
*[http://www.resegone.com/mapb/ Piccolino Boniforti, Marco Aldo] - Rovira i Virgili University<br />
*[http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/staff/poesio Poesio, Massimo] - University of Essex<br />
*[http://www.fas.umontreal.ca/ling/olst/polguereE Polguere, Alain] - Université de Montréal<br />
*[http://fas.sfu.ca/0h/cs/people/Faculty/Popowich/popowich Popowich, Fred] - Simon Fraser University<br />
*[http://nlp.ipipan.waw.pl/~adamp/ Przepiórkowski, Adam] - Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw<br />
*[http://www.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk/people/staff/pulman/ Pulman, Stephen] - Oxford University<br />
*[http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~jamesp Pustejovsky, James] - Brandeis University<br />
<br />
== Q ==<br />
<br />
== R ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~radev/ Radev, Dragomir] - University of Michigan<br />
*[http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~rambow/ Rambow, Owen] - CCLS, Columbia University<br />
*[http://www.fask.uni-mainz.de/user/rapp Rapp, Reinhard] - Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet Mainz<br />
*[http://www.cs.buffalo.edu/pub/WWW/faculty/rapaport/rapaport.html Rapaport, William J.] - SUNY Buffalo<br />
*[http://www.cam.sri.com/manny.html Rayner, Manny] SRI International<br />
*[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/lrau.html Rau, Lisa]<br />
*[http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/users/paul/ Rayson, Paul] - Lancaster University<br />
*[http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/~ereiter Reiter, Ehud] - University of Aberdeen<br />
*[http://www.dfki.uni-sb.de/~bert Reithinger, Norbert] - Universität des Saarlandes<br />
*[http://www.reitter-it-media.de/ Reitter, David] - University of Edinburgh<br />
*[http://www.ai.mit.edu/~jrennie/ Rennie, Jason] - MIT<br />
*[http://umiacs.umd.edu/~resnik Resnik, Philip] - University of Maryland, College Park<br />
*[http://www.cs.utah.edu/~riloff/ Riloff, Ellen] - University of Utah<br />
*[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/ringger/ Ringger, Eric,] - University of Rochester<br />
*[http://www.di.ufpe.br/~jr Robin, Jacques, Federal] - University of Pernambuco, Brazil.<br />
*[http://www.univ-ab.pt/~vjr/ Rocio, Vitor] - Open University, Lisbon<br />
*[http://jones.ling.indiana.edu/~prrodrig/ Rodrigues, Paul] - Indiana University, Bloomington<br />
*[http://www.uteroemer.de/ Romer, Ute] University of Hanover<br />
*[http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/mr249/ Rooth, Mats] - Cornell University<br />
*[http://www.cs.uiuc.edu/directory/directory.php?name=roth Roth, Dan] - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign<br />
*[http://www.public.asu.edu/~droussi/ Roussinov, Dmitri] - Arizona State University<br />
*[http://www.hi.is/~eirikur/ Rögnvaldsson, Eiríkur] - University of Iceland<br />
*[http://www.uteroemer.de/ Römer, Ute] - University of Hanover<br />
*[http://rykov-cl.narod.ru/ Rykov, Vladimir]<br />
<br />
== S ==<br />
<br />
*[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/kidearen_argitalpenak?kidea=1000809006 Sarasola, Kepa] - University of the Basque Country<br />
*[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~christer Samuelsson, Christer] Bell Labs<br />
*[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~anoop/ Sarkar, Anoop] - University of Pennsylvania<br />
*[http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/yutaka.sasaki/ Sasaki, Yutaka] - University of Manchester<br />
*[http://www.cog.jhu.edu/~savova/ Savova, Virginia] - MIT<br />
*[http://www.dei.unipd.it/~satta Satta, Giorgio] University of Padua<br />
*[http://www.dfki.de/~uschaefer Schaefer, Ulrich] - German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence<br />
*[http://www7.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/~scheler Scheler] - Gabriele, TU München<br />
*[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~mike/ Schiehlen, Michael] - University of Stuttgart<br />
*[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~schmid/ Schmid, Helmut] - University of Stuttgart<br />
*[http://www.kde.cs.uni-kassel.de/schmitz Schmitz, Christoph] - Universität Kassel<br />
*[http://www.schulteimwalde.de/ Schulte, Sabine, im Walde]<br />
*[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~rolfs Schwitter, Rolf] - Macquarie University<br />
*[http://mcs.open.ac.uk/ds5473/ Scott, Donia] - The Open University<br />
*[http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/sekine Sekine, Satoshi] - New York University<br />
*[http://www.latl.unige.ch/personal/vseretan Seretan, Violeta] - University of Geneva<br />
*[http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~shieber/ Shieber, Stuart] - Harvard University<br />
*[http://mysite.verizon.net/sidner Sidner, Candy] - BAE Systems, AIT<br />
*[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/sikorski/ Sikorski, Teresa] - University of Rochester<br />
*[http://www.lingsoft.fi/~silvonen/ Silvonen, Mikko] - Lingsoft, Inc.<br />
*[http://www.bultreebank.org/kivs/ Simov, Kiril] - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<br />
*[http://ltrc.iiit.net/anil Singh, Anil Kumar] - Language Technologies Research Centre (LTRC), International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Hyderabad, India<br />
*[http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/general/facultyhomes/jonathan.html Slocum, Jonathan] - The University of Texas at Austin<br />
*[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~nasmith Smith, Noah] - Carnegie Mellon University<br />
*[http://www.cog.jhu.edu/faculty/smolensky.html Smolensky, Paul] - Johns Hopkins University<br />
*[http://www.ccl.umist.ac.uk/harold/ Somers, Harold] UMIST, Manchester<br />
*[http://www.ece.uiuc.edu/faculty/faculty.asp?rws Sproat, Richard] - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign<br />
*[http://www.coling.uni-freiburg.de/~staab/staab.html Staab, Steffen] - Freiburg University<br />
*[http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/linguistics/people/stabler/stabler.htm Stabler, Edward] - UCLA<br />
*[http://slt.wcl.ee.upatras.gr/stamatatos/personal.html Stamatatos, Efstathios] - University of Patras<br />
*[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~suzanne/ Suzanne Stevenson] - University of Toronto<br />
*[http://isl.ira.uka.de/~stiefel Stiefelhagen, Rainer] - Universität Karlsruhe<br />
*[http://www.coling.uni-freiburg.de/~strube/strube.html Strube, Michael] - University of Freiburg<br />
*[http://www.csi.uottawa.ca/~szpak/ Szpakowicz, Stan] - University of Ottawa<br />
<br />
== T ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sfu.ca/~mtaboada Taboada, Maite] - Simon Fraser University<br />
*[http://hnk.ffzg.hr/mt/ Tadic, Marko] - Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb<br />
*[http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/~tapanain Tapanainen, Pasi] - University of Helsinki<br />
*[http://www8.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/inf8/en/thabet.html Thabet, Iman] - University of Erlangen-Nuremberg<br />
*[http://www.siit.tu.ac.th/dirctory/ft_fac/thanaruk.html Theeramunkong, Thanaruk] - Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University<br />
*[http://www.objs.com/thompson.htm Thompson, Craig] - Object Services and Consulting, Inc.<br />
*[http://www.let.rug.nl/~tiedeman/blog/index.php?category=1 Tiedemann, Jörg] - University of Groningen<br />
*[http://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa-people/traum.html Traum, David] - TECFA, Universite de Geneve<br />
*[http://www.hum.uit.no/a/trond/ Trosterud, Trond] - University of Tromsø<br />
*[http://www.racai.ro/~tufis/ Tufis, Dan] - Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Romanian Academy<br />
*[http://www.apperceptual.com/ Turney, Peter] - National Research Council of Canada<br />
<br />
== U ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~hansu Uszkoreit, Hans] - University of the Saarland and DFKI Saarbrücken<br />
<br />
== V ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.q-go.com/ van de Burgt, Stan P.] - Q-go.com<br />
*[http://ilk.uvt.nl/~antalb/ van den Bosch, Antal] - Tilburg University<br />
*[http://www.media.mit.edu/~nwv/ Van Dyke, Neil] - MIT Media Lab<br />
*[http://www.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/ van Noord, Gertjan] RU Groningen<br />
*[http://www.ua.es/personal/chelo.vargas Vargas, Chelo Sierra] - Universidad de Alicante<br />
*[http://grid.let.rug.nl/~mettina/ Veenstra, Mettina] RU Groningen<br />
*[http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~marc/home.html Verhagen, Marc] - Brandeis University<br />
*[http://www.up.univ-mrs.fr/veronis/ Véronis, Jean] - Université de Provence<br />
*[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~vicedo/vicedo_en.html Vicedo, Jose Luis] - Alicante University<br />
*[http://www.inf.unisinos.br/~renata/ Vieira, Renata] - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil<br />
*[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~av208/ Villavicencio, Aline] - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil<br />
*[http://home.planet.nl/~weiss075/ Vossen, Piek] Irion Technologies<br />
*[http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/~avoutila/ Voutilainen, Atro] - University of Helsinki<br />
<br />
== W ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.dfki.de/~wahlster/ Wahlster, Wolfgang] - Universität des Saarlandes<br />
*[http://www.uindy.gr/faculty/cv/wallace_manolis/ Wallace, Manolis] - National Technical University of Athens<br />
*[http://www.nigelward.com/ Ward, Nigel]<br />
*[http://www.ribbitsoft.com/research/watson/index.html Watson, Bruce] Ribbit Soft.<br />
*[http://hiplab.newcastle.edu.au/~pwatters Watters, Paul A. ] U. of Newcastle, Australia<br />
*[http://www.nick-webb.net Webb, Nick] - SUNY Albany<br />
*[http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~rw37/ Weber, Rosina] - Drexel University<br />
*[http://www.ucsc.cmb.ac.lk/people/arw Weerasinghe, Ruvan] - University of Colombo School of Computing<br />
*[http://www.latl.unige.ch/personal/eric_f.html Wehrli, Eric] - University of Geneva<br />
*[http://www.cs.tu-berlin.de/~ww/ Weisweber, Wilhelm] - Technical University of Berlin<br />
*[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de Weimer, Markus] - University of Technology Darmstadt<br />
*[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bonnie Webber, Bonnie Lynn] - University of Pennsylvania<br />
*[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~yorick Wilks, Yorick] - University of Sheffield<br />
*[http://cs.haifa.ac.il/~shuly Wintner, Shuly] - University of Haifa, Israel<br />
*[http://www.se.cuhk.edu.hk/~kfwong/ Wong, Kam-Fai] - Chinese University of Hong Kong<br />
*[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ywwong/ Wong, Yuk Wah] - University of Texas at Austin<br />
*[http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~wroec/ Wroe, Chris] - University of Manchester<br />
*[http://www.cs.ust.hk/faculty/dekai/bio.html Wu, Dekai] - HKUST<br />
<br />
== X ==<br />
*[http://faculty.washington.edu/fxia/ Xia, Fei] - University of Washington<br />
*[http://www1.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/~dyxiong/ Xiong, Deyi] - Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore<br />
<br />
== Y ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/yangarbe/ Yangarber, Roman] - University of Helsinki<br />
*[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/yarowsky.html Yarowsky, David] - University of Pennsylvania<br />
*[http://www.icl.pku.edu.cn/member/yusw/ Yu, Shiwen] - Peking University<br />
*[http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/deniz Yuret, Deniz] - MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory<br />
<br />
== Z ==<br />
<br />
*[http://ai-nlp.info.uniroma2.it/zanzotto Zanzotto, Fabio Massimo] - University of Roma Tor Vergata<br />
*[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~zeman/ Zeman, Dan] - Univerzita Karlova v&nbsp;Praze<br />
*[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/ Zesch, Torsten] - Darmstadt University of Technology<br />
*[http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~jerryzhu/ Zhu, Xiaojin (Jerry)] - University of Wisconsin, Madison<br />
*[http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~ingrid/ Zukerman, Ingrid] - Monash University</div>Jasonbaldridgehttps://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Combinatory_Categorial_Grammar&diff=5612Combinatory Categorial Grammar2008-08-16T21:54:31Z<p>Jasonbaldridge: /* OpenCCG: The OpenNLP CCG library */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Steedman2001.jpg|thumb|right|Steedman (2001): The Syntactic Process. MIT Press]]<br />
<br />
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) is an efficiently parseable, yet linguistically expressive grammar formalism. It has a completely transparent interface between surface syntax and underlying semantic representation, including predicate-argument structure, quantification and information structure. <br />
CCG relies on combinatory logic, which has the same expressive power as the lambda calculus, but builds its expressions differently. <br />
<br />
The first linguistic and psycholinguistic arguments for basing the grammar on combinators were put forth by Mark Steedman and Anna Szabolcsi. More recent prominent proponents of the approach are Jacobson and Baldridge.<br />
For example, the [[combinator]] B (the compositor) is useful in creating long-distance dependencies, as in "Who do you think Mary is talking about?" and the combinator W (the duplicator) is useful as the lexical interpretation of reflexive pronouns, as in "Mary talks about herself". Together with I (the identity mapping) and C (the permutator) these form a set of primitive, non-interdefinable combinators. Jacobson interprets personal pronouns as the combinator I, and their binding is aided by a complex combinator Z, as in "Mary lost her way". Z is definable using W and B.<br />
<br />
CCG is known to define the same language class as tree-adjoining grammar, linear indexed grammar, and head grammar, and is said to be mildly context-sensitive.<br />
<br />
One of the key publications of CCG is ''The Syntactic Process'' by Mark Steedman. There are various efficient parsers available for CCG.<br />
<br />
== Software ==<br />
<br />
=== OpenCCG: The OpenNLP CCG library ===<br />
<br />
[http://openccg.sourceforge.net OpenCCG], the [http://opennlp.sf.net OpenNLP] CCG Library, <br />
is an open source natural language processing library written in<br />
Java, which provides parsing and realization services based on Mark Steedman's<br />
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) formalism.<br />
The library makes use of multi-modal extensions to CCG developed by <br />
[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid Jason Baldridge] as part of the [http://grok.sourceforge.net/ Grok] system<br />
(the precursor to OpenCCG). Current development efforts, led by [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mwhite/ Michael White], are focused on making the realizer practical to use in dialogue systems. For the latest news about OpenCCG, check out the <br />
[http://openccg.sourceforge.net/ OpenCCG page] on SourceForge.<br />
<br />
=== The C&amp;C Parser and Supertagger ===<br />
<br />
The [http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki C&amp;C CCG parser and supertagger] form <br />
part of the language processing tools developed by James Curran and Stephan Clark.<br />
The tools are written in C++ and have been designed to be efficient enough for large-scale NLP tasks.<br />
<br />
=== StatCCG ===<br />
<br />
StatCCG is a statistical CCG parser (trained on CCGbank) written by Julia Hockenmaier. Executables are available [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/Parser/index.html here]<br />
<br />
=== Boxer ===<br />
<br />
[http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki/boxer Boxer] is developed by [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Johan Bos] and generates formal semantic representations for CCG grammars. Boxer takes as input CCG (Combinatory Categorial Grammar) derivations and produces DRSs (Discourse Representation Structures, from Hans Kamp's Discourse Representation Theory) as output. It is distributed with the C&C tools. Boxer produces standard DRS syntax, uses a neo-Davidsonian analysis for events (with thematic roles from VerbNet), incorporates Van der Sandt's algorithm for presupposition, is 100% compatible with first-order logic (FOL), and normalises cardinal and date expressions. DRSs can be generated in various output formats: resolved or underspecified, in Prolog or XML, flattened or recursive structures, with discourse referents represented by Prolog atoms or variables, and with pretty printed DRSs or not. It is also possible to output FOL formulas translated from the DRSs.<br />
<br />
== CCGbank ==<br />
<br />
CCGbank is a translation of the [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~treebank/home.html Penn Treebank]<br />
into a corpus of Combinatory Categorial Grammar derivations, created by [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr Julia Hockenmaier] and [http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/~steedman Mark Steedman]. You can get it [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/CatalogEntry.jsp?catalogId=LDC2005T13 here] from the [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu Linguistic Data Consortium]. You can also have a look at this [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/CCGbankDemo demo] of the HTML version included in the LDC distribution.<br />
<br />
CCGbank pairs syntactic derivations with sets of word-word dependencies which<br />
approximate the underlying predicate-argument structure.<br />
The translation process and linguistic analyses are explained in the [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/Papers/CCGbank/CCGbankManual.pdf manual].<br />
CCGbank contains 99.44% of the sentences in the Penn Treebank, for<br />
which it corrects a number of inconsistencies and errors in the<br />
original annotation.<br />
<br />
The LDC distribution also contains machine-readable versions<br />
of the data, which contain the syntactic derivations and the corresponding lists of word-word dependencies, <br />
as well as a file that is searchable by [http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/ Doug Rohde]'s [http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/TGrep2/index.html TGrep2] (version 1.15). <br />
<br />
In all versions, the file structure corresponds exactly to that of the original Treebank.<br />
<br />
== Publications ==<br />
<br />
* Baldridge, Jason (2002), "Lexically Specified Derivational Control in Combinatory Categorial Grammar." PhD Dissertation. Univ. of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Curry, Haskell B. and Richard Feys (1958), Combinatory Logic, Vol. 1. North-Holland.<br />
<br />
* Jacobson, Pauline (1999), “Towards a variable-free semantics.” Linguistics and Philosophy 22, 1999. 117-184<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (1987), “Combinatory grammars and parasitic gaps”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 5, 403-439.<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (1996), Surface Structure and Interpretation. The MIT Press.<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (2000), The Syntactic Process. The MIT Press.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (1989), "Bound variables in syntax (are there any?)." Semantics and Contextual Expression, ed. by Bartsch, van Benthem, and van Emde Boas. Foris, 294-318.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (1992), "Combinatory grammar and projection from the lexicon." Lexical Matters. CSLI Lecture Notes 24, ed. by Sag and Szabolcsi. Stanford, CSLI Publications. 241-269.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (2003), “Binding on the fly: Cross-sentential anaphora in variable-free semantics”. Resource Sensitivity in Binding and Anaphora, ed. by Kruijff and Oehrle. Kluwer, 215-229.<br />
<br />
== People ==<br />
<br />
* [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid Jason Baldridge] <br />
* [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Johan Bos]<br />
* [http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/~bozsahin/ Cem Bozsahin]<br />
* [http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/work/stephen.clark/ Stephen Clark]<br />
* [http://www.it.usyd.edu.au/about/people/staff/james.shtml James Curran]<br />
* [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr Julia Hockenmaier] <br />
* [http://www.iccs.inf.ed.ac.uk/~steedman/ Mark Steedman]<br />
* [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mwhite/ Michael White]</div>Jasonbaldridgehttps://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Combinatory_Categorial_Grammar&diff=5611Combinatory Categorial Grammar2008-08-16T20:08:15Z<p>Jasonbaldridge: /* People */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Steedman2001.jpg|thumb|right|Steedman (2001): The Syntactic Process. MIT Press]]<br />
<br />
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) is an efficiently parseable, yet linguistically expressive grammar formalism. It has a completely transparent interface between surface syntax and underlying semantic representation, including predicate-argument structure, quantification and information structure. <br />
CCG relies on combinatory logic, which has the same expressive power as the lambda calculus, but builds its expressions differently. <br />
<br />
The first linguistic and psycholinguistic arguments for basing the grammar on combinators were put forth by Mark Steedman and Anna Szabolcsi. More recent prominent proponents of the approach are Jacobson and Baldridge.<br />
For example, the [[combinator]] B (the compositor) is useful in creating long-distance dependencies, as in "Who do you think Mary is talking about?" and the combinator W (the duplicator) is useful as the lexical interpretation of reflexive pronouns, as in "Mary talks about herself". Together with I (the identity mapping) and C (the permutator) these form a set of primitive, non-interdefinable combinators. Jacobson interprets personal pronouns as the combinator I, and their binding is aided by a complex combinator Z, as in "Mary lost her way". Z is definable using W and B.<br />
<br />
CCG is known to define the same language class as tree-adjoining grammar, linear indexed grammar, and head grammar, and is said to be mildly context-sensitive.<br />
<br />
One of the key publications of CCG is ''The Syntactic Process'' by Mark Steedman. There are various efficient parsers available for CCG.<br />
<br />
== Software ==<br />
<br />
=== OpenCCG: The OpenNLP CCG library ===<br />
<br />
[http://openccg.sourceforge.net OpenCCG], the [http://opennlp.sf.net OpenNLP] CCG Library, <br />
is an open source natural language processing library written in<br />
Java, which provides parsing and realization services based on Mark Steedman's<br />
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) formalism.<br />
The library makes use of multi-modal extensions to CCG developed by <br />
[http://www.iccs.informatics.ed.ac.uk/~jmb/ Jason Baldridge] as part of the [http://grok.sourceforge.net/ Grok] system<br />
(the precursor to OpenCCG). Current development efforts, led by [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mwhite/ Michael White], are focused on making the realizer practical to use in dialogue systems. For the latest news about OpenCCG, check out the <br />
[http://openccg.sourceforge.net/ OpenCCG page] on SourceForge.<br />
<br />
=== The C&amp;C Parser and Supertagger ===<br />
<br />
The [http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki C&amp;C CCG parser and supertagger] form <br />
part of the language processing tools developed by James Curran and Stephan Clark.<br />
The tools are written in C++ and have been designed to be efficient enough for large-scale NLP tasks.<br />
<br />
=== StatCCG ===<br />
<br />
StatCCG is a statistical CCG parser (trained on CCGbank) written by Julia Hockenmaier. Executables are available [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/Parser/index.html here]<br />
<br />
=== Boxer ===<br />
<br />
[http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki/boxer Boxer] is developed by [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Johan Bos] and generates formal semantic representations for CCG grammars. Boxer takes as input CCG (Combinatory Categorial Grammar) derivations and produces DRSs (Discourse Representation Structures, from Hans Kamp's Discourse Representation Theory) as output. It is distributed with the C&C tools. Boxer produces standard DRS syntax, uses a neo-Davidsonian analysis for events (with thematic roles from VerbNet), incorporates Van der Sandt's algorithm for presupposition, is 100% compatible with first-order logic (FOL), and normalises cardinal and date expressions. DRSs can be generated in various output formats: resolved or underspecified, in Prolog or XML, flattened or recursive structures, with discourse referents represented by Prolog atoms or variables, and with pretty printed DRSs or not. It is also possible to output FOL formulas translated from the DRSs.<br />
<br />
== CCGbank ==<br />
<br />
CCGbank is a translation of the [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~treebank/home.html Penn Treebank]<br />
into a corpus of Combinatory Categorial Grammar derivations, created by [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr Julia Hockenmaier] and [http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/~steedman Mark Steedman]. You can get it [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/CatalogEntry.jsp?catalogId=LDC2005T13 here] from the [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu Linguistic Data Consortium]. You can also have a look at this [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/CCGbankDemo demo] of the HTML version included in the LDC distribution.<br />
<br />
CCGbank pairs syntactic derivations with sets of word-word dependencies which<br />
approximate the underlying predicate-argument structure.<br />
The translation process and linguistic analyses are explained in the [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/Papers/CCGbank/CCGbankManual.pdf manual].<br />
CCGbank contains 99.44% of the sentences in the Penn Treebank, for<br />
which it corrects a number of inconsistencies and errors in the<br />
original annotation.<br />
<br />
The LDC distribution also contains machine-readable versions<br />
of the data, which contain the syntactic derivations and the corresponding lists of word-word dependencies, <br />
as well as a file that is searchable by [http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/ Doug Rohde]'s [http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/TGrep2/index.html TGrep2] (version 1.15). <br />
<br />
In all versions, the file structure corresponds exactly to that of the original Treebank.<br />
<br />
== Publications ==<br />
<br />
* Baldridge, Jason (2002), "Lexically Specified Derivational Control in Combinatory Categorial Grammar." PhD Dissertation. Univ. of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Curry, Haskell B. and Richard Feys (1958), Combinatory Logic, Vol. 1. North-Holland.<br />
<br />
* Jacobson, Pauline (1999), “Towards a variable-free semantics.” Linguistics and Philosophy 22, 1999. 117-184<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (1987), “Combinatory grammars and parasitic gaps”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 5, 403-439.<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (1996), Surface Structure and Interpretation. The MIT Press.<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (2000), The Syntactic Process. The MIT Press.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (1989), "Bound variables in syntax (are there any?)." Semantics and Contextual Expression, ed. by Bartsch, van Benthem, and van Emde Boas. Foris, 294-318.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (1992), "Combinatory grammar and projection from the lexicon." Lexical Matters. CSLI Lecture Notes 24, ed. by Sag and Szabolcsi. Stanford, CSLI Publications. 241-269.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (2003), “Binding on the fly: Cross-sentential anaphora in variable-free semantics”. Resource Sensitivity in Binding and Anaphora, ed. by Kruijff and Oehrle. Kluwer, 215-229.<br />
<br />
== People ==<br />
<br />
* [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid Jason Baldridge] <br />
* [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Johan Bos]<br />
* [http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/~bozsahin/ Cem Bozsahin]<br />
* [http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/work/stephen.clark/ Stephen Clark]<br />
* [http://www.it.usyd.edu.au/about/people/staff/james.shtml James Curran]<br />
* [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr Julia Hockenmaier] <br />
* [http://www.iccs.inf.ed.ac.uk/~steedman/ Mark Steedman]<br />
* [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mwhite/ Michael White]</div>Jasonbaldridgehttps://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Combinatory_Categorial_Grammar&diff=5610Combinatory Categorial Grammar2008-08-16T19:55:40Z<p>Jasonbaldridge: /* People */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Steedman2001.jpg|thumb|right|Steedman (2001): The Syntactic Process. MIT Press]]<br />
<br />
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) is an efficiently parseable, yet linguistically expressive grammar formalism. It has a completely transparent interface between surface syntax and underlying semantic representation, including predicate-argument structure, quantification and information structure. <br />
CCG relies on combinatory logic, which has the same expressive power as the lambda calculus, but builds its expressions differently. <br />
<br />
The first linguistic and psycholinguistic arguments for basing the grammar on combinators were put forth by Mark Steedman and Anna Szabolcsi. More recent prominent proponents of the approach are Jacobson and Baldridge.<br />
For example, the [[combinator]] B (the compositor) is useful in creating long-distance dependencies, as in "Who do you think Mary is talking about?" and the combinator W (the duplicator) is useful as the lexical interpretation of reflexive pronouns, as in "Mary talks about herself". Together with I (the identity mapping) and C (the permutator) these form a set of primitive, non-interdefinable combinators. Jacobson interprets personal pronouns as the combinator I, and their binding is aided by a complex combinator Z, as in "Mary lost her way". Z is definable using W and B.<br />
<br />
CCG is known to define the same language class as tree-adjoining grammar, linear indexed grammar, and head grammar, and is said to be mildly context-sensitive.<br />
<br />
One of the key publications of CCG is ''The Syntactic Process'' by Mark Steedman. There are various efficient parsers available for CCG.<br />
<br />
== Software ==<br />
<br />
=== OpenCCG: The OpenNLP CCG library ===<br />
<br />
[http://openccg.sourceforge.net OpenCCG], the [http://opennlp.sf.net OpenNLP] CCG Library, <br />
is an open source natural language processing library written in<br />
Java, which provides parsing and realization services based on Mark Steedman's<br />
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) formalism.<br />
The library makes use of multi-modal extensions to CCG developed by <br />
[http://www.iccs.informatics.ed.ac.uk/~jmb/ Jason Baldridge] as part of the [http://grok.sourceforge.net/ Grok] system<br />
(the precursor to OpenCCG). Current development efforts, led by [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mwhite/ Michael White], are focused on making the realizer practical to use in dialogue systems. For the latest news about OpenCCG, check out the <br />
[http://openccg.sourceforge.net/ OpenCCG page] on SourceForge.<br />
<br />
=== The C&amp;C Parser and Supertagger ===<br />
<br />
The [http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki C&amp;C CCG parser and supertagger] form <br />
part of the language processing tools developed by James Curran and Stephan Clark.<br />
The tools are written in C++ and have been designed to be efficient enough for large-scale NLP tasks.<br />
<br />
=== StatCCG ===<br />
<br />
StatCCG is a statistical CCG parser (trained on CCGbank) written by Julia Hockenmaier. Executables are available [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/Parser/index.html here]<br />
<br />
=== Boxer ===<br />
<br />
[http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki/boxer Boxer] is developed by [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Johan Bos] and generates formal semantic representations for CCG grammars. Boxer takes as input CCG (Combinatory Categorial Grammar) derivations and produces DRSs (Discourse Representation Structures, from Hans Kamp's Discourse Representation Theory) as output. It is distributed with the C&C tools. Boxer produces standard DRS syntax, uses a neo-Davidsonian analysis for events (with thematic roles from VerbNet), incorporates Van der Sandt's algorithm for presupposition, is 100% compatible with first-order logic (FOL), and normalises cardinal and date expressions. DRSs can be generated in various output formats: resolved or underspecified, in Prolog or XML, flattened or recursive structures, with discourse referents represented by Prolog atoms or variables, and with pretty printed DRSs or not. It is also possible to output FOL formulas translated from the DRSs.<br />
<br />
== CCGbank ==<br />
<br />
CCGbank is a translation of the [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~treebank/home.html Penn Treebank]<br />
into a corpus of Combinatory Categorial Grammar derivations, created by [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr Julia Hockenmaier] and [http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/~steedman Mark Steedman]. You can get it [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/CatalogEntry.jsp?catalogId=LDC2005T13 here] from the [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu Linguistic Data Consortium]. You can also have a look at this [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/CCGbankDemo demo] of the HTML version included in the LDC distribution.<br />
<br />
CCGbank pairs syntactic derivations with sets of word-word dependencies which<br />
approximate the underlying predicate-argument structure.<br />
The translation process and linguistic analyses are explained in the [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr/Papers/CCGbank/CCGbankManual.pdf manual].<br />
CCGbank contains 99.44% of the sentences in the Penn Treebank, for<br />
which it corrects a number of inconsistencies and errors in the<br />
original annotation.<br />
<br />
The LDC distribution also contains machine-readable versions<br />
of the data, which contain the syntactic derivations and the corresponding lists of word-word dependencies, <br />
as well as a file that is searchable by [http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/ Doug Rohde]'s [http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/TGrep2/index.html TGrep2] (version 1.15). <br />
<br />
In all versions, the file structure corresponds exactly to that of the original Treebank.<br />
<br />
== Publications ==<br />
<br />
* Baldridge, Jason (2002), "Lexically Specified Derivational Control in Combinatory Categorial Grammar." PhD Dissertation. Univ. of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
* Curry, Haskell B. and Richard Feys (1958), Combinatory Logic, Vol. 1. North-Holland.<br />
<br />
* Jacobson, Pauline (1999), “Towards a variable-free semantics.” Linguistics and Philosophy 22, 1999. 117-184<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (1987), “Combinatory grammars and parasitic gaps”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 5, 403-439.<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (1996), Surface Structure and Interpretation. The MIT Press.<br />
<br />
* Steedman, Mark (2000), The Syntactic Process. The MIT Press.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (1989), "Bound variables in syntax (are there any?)." Semantics and Contextual Expression, ed. by Bartsch, van Benthem, and van Emde Boas. Foris, 294-318.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (1992), "Combinatory grammar and projection from the lexicon." Lexical Matters. CSLI Lecture Notes 24, ed. by Sag and Szabolcsi. Stanford, CSLI Publications. 241-269.<br />
<br />
* Szabolcsi, Anna (2003), “Binding on the fly: Cross-sentential anaphora in variable-free semantics”. Resource Sensitivity in Binding and Anaphora, ed. by Kruijff and Oehrle. Kluwer, 215-229.<br />
<br />
== People ==<br />
<br />
* [http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid Jason Baldridge] <br />
* [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/ Johan Bos]<br />
* [http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/work/stephen.clark/ Stephen Clark]<br />
* [http://www.it.usyd.edu.au/about/people/staff/james.shtml James Curran]<br />
* [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~juliahr Julia Hockenmaier] <br />
* [http://www.iccs.inf.ed.ac.uk/~steedman/ Mark Steedman]<br />
* [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mwhite/ Michael White]</div>Jasonbaldridgehttps://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Parsers_for_English&diff=4383Parsers for English2007-09-11T21:50:52Z<p>Jasonbaldridge: </p>
<hr />
<div>* [http://www.connexor.com/software/syntax/ Connexor Machinese Syntax and parser]<br />
* [http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc C&C parser for Combinatory Categorial Grammar]<br />
* [http://openccg.sf.net OpenCCG parser and grammar development environment for Combinatory Categorial Grammar]<br />
* [http://www.delph-in.net/ DELPH-IN], Deep Linguistic Processing with HPSG (Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar)<br />
* [http://www.link.cs.cmu.edu/link/ Link Grammar Parser -- a dependency parser]<br />
* [[Minipar]]<br />
* [http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/projects/salsa/shal/ Shalmaneser]<br />
* [http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/~tapanain/dg/ Syntactic dependency parser for English]<br />
<br />
==Non-English Parsers==<br />
*[http://bach.arts.kuleuven.ac.be/~piet/vertex/index.html VERTEX - A chart parser for unification grammars (French)]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Parsers|*]]</div>Jasonbaldridgehttps://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Academic_departments&diff=2142Academic departments2006-10-31T18:58:46Z<p>Jasonbaldridge: /* Texas */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Africa==<br />
<br />
===South Africa===<br />
*[http://www.nu.ac.za/department/default.asp?dept=linguistund University of Natal Dept. of Linguistics]<br />
<br />
==Asia==<br />
*[http://crcl.th.net/ Center for Research in Computational Linguistics] <br />
*[http://www.crslp.chula.ac.th/ Center for Research in Speech and Language Processing] <br />
*[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/info/SitesAsia.html Computational Linguistics in Asia] <br />
*[http://longdo.ex.nii.ac.jp/ Longdo Thai Dictionary] <br />
*[http://naist.cpe.ku.ac.th/ NAiST-Lab, Kasetsart University] <br />
*[http://thaispeech.ex.nii.ac.jp/ Thai Speech Community] <br />
*[http://www.first-institute.com/ The First Institute Of Dynamic Learning] <br />
<br />
===China===<br />
*[http://www.cs.hit.edu.cn/ Harbin Institute of Technology, CS School]<br />
<br />
===Hong Kong===<br />
*[http://www.cs.ust.hk/ Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, CS Department]<br />
<br />
===India===<br />
*[http://www.iiit.net/ltrc/pgprogrammes.html Academic Programmes, IIIT, Hyderabad]<br />
*[http://www.ciil.org/ Central Institute of Indian Languages]<br />
*[http://www.cdacindia.com/ Centre for Development of Advanced Computing]<br />
*[http://www.hpl.hp.com/india/ HP Research Labs, India]<br />
*[http://www.iisc.ernet.in/ IISc, Bangalore]<br />
*[http://www.isical.ac.in/ Indian Statistical Institute]<br />
*[http://www.iiit.net International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad]<br />
*[http://www.au-kbc.org/research_areas/nlp.html Language Technology Research at AU-KBC, Chennai]<br />
*[http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/langtech/hist.htm Language Technology Research at IIT, Kanpur]<br />
*[http://tdil.mit.gov.in/introindx.html TDIL]<br />
*[http://www.uohyd.ernet.in/ University of Hyderabad]<br />
<br />
===Israel===<br />
*[http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~lcl/israel.html Computational Linguistics in Israel] <br />
*[http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~lcl Laboratory for Computational Linguistics, Technion, Israel] <br />
*[http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~rimon/nlp.html NLP at the Hebrew University, CS Institute]<br />
<br />
===Korea===<br />
*[http://nlp.korea.ac.kr/ Korea University's NLP lab] <br />
*[http://kle.postech.ac.kr/ The Knowledge and Language Engineering Laboratory]<br />
<br />
===Singapore===<br />
*[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~nght/cllab.html Computational Linguistics Lab, National University of Singapore]<br />
*[http://wing.comp.nus.edu.sg/ Web, IR / NLP Group (WING), National University of Singapore]<br />
<br />
===Taiwan===<br />
*[http://nlg3.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ Natural Language Processing Lab, CSIE, NTU]<br />
<br />
===Uzbekistan===<br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Uzbekistan Language Engineering in Uzbekistan (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)]<br />
<br />
==Canada==<br />
*[http://www.cs.concordia.ca/CLAC/ Computational Linguistics at Concordia University]<br />
*[http://www.cs.dal.ca/~nlp/ Dalhousie University: Dalhousie Natural Language Processing Group] <br />
*[http://mapageweb.umontreal.ca/dasylval Lyne Da Sylva, U. Montr&eacute;al] <br />
*[http://fas.sfu.ca/0/cs/research/groups/NLL/toc.html Natural Language Laboratory at Simon Fraser University, Canada] <br />
*[http://www.umanitoba.ca/linguistics/local.html University of Manitoba Dept. of Linguistics] <br />
*[http://rali.iro.umontreal.ca/ University of Montreal, Laboratoire de Recherche Appliqu&eacute;e en Linguistique Informatique (RALI)] <br />
*[http://www.csi.uottawa.ca/dept/kaml/KAML.html University of Ottawa Knowledge Acquisition and Machine Learning (KAML) Group] <br />
*[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/compling/ University of Toronto, Computational Linguistics Group]<br />
<br />
==Europe==<br />
*[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/info/SitesEurope.html Computational Linguistics in Europe] <br />
*[http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/msc/lct/ European Masters Program in Language and Communication Technologies (LCT)] <br />
*[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/egk/ European Post-Graduate College Language Technology and Cognitive Systems] <br />
*[http://ixa.si.ehu.es IXA Group, Kepa Sarasola] <br />
*[http://www.langsoft.ch NLP software] <br />
*[http://www.shef.ac.uk/dcs/postgrad/taught/hlt.html University of Sheffield Department of Computer Science]<br />
<br />
===Belarus===<br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Belarus Language Engineering in Belarus (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)] <br />
===Belgium===<br />
*[http://www.fltr.ucl.ac.be/fltr/germ/etan/cecl/cecl.html Centre for English Corpus Linguistics - CECL, UCLouvain] <br />
*[http://cental.fltr.ucl.ac.be/ Centre for Natural Language Processing - CENTAL, UCLouvain]<br />
*[http://www.ccl.kuleuven.ac.be/ Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Centre for Computational Linguistics, Leuven, Belgium]<br />
<br />
===Bulgaria===<br />
*[http://www.bacl.org/ Bulgarian Association for Computational Linguistics] <br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Bulgaria Language Engineering in Bulgaria (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)]<br />
<br />
===Croatia===<br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Croatia Language Engineering in Croatia (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)]<br />
<br />
===Czech Republic===<br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Czech Republic Language Engineering in the Czech Republic (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)]<br />
<br />
===Denmark===<br />
*[http://www.cst.dk/ Center for Sprogteknologi (Centre for Language Technology), Copenhagen University] <br />
*[http://www.cphling.dk/ Linguistics Department, University of Copenhagen] <br />
*[http://isle.nis.sdu.dk/ NIMM workgroup on Natural Interaction and MultiModality]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Estonia===<br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Estonia Language Engineering in Estonia (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)]<br />
<br />
===Finland===<br />
*[http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/ Department of General Linguistics - University of Helsinki, Finland] <br />
*[http://www.ling.hf.ntnu.no/HPSG2001/ Summer School on Constraint-based Grammar]<br />
<br />
===France===<br />
*[http://www.limsi.fr/Recherche/LIR/presentationLIRgb.html Limsi, group LIR: Language, Information and Representation] <br />
*[http://www.med.univ-rennes1.fr/menelas.html MENELAS PROJECT, University of Rennes] <br />
*[http://infolingu.univ-mlv.fr/english/International/postDocResources.html Postdoctoral Fellowship at Institut Gaspard-Monge] <br />
*[http://www.linguist.jussieu.fr/ UFRL - Linguistics, Jussieu, Paris]<br />
<br />
===Georgia===<br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Georgia Language Engineering in Georgia (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)]<br />
<br />
===Germany===<br />
*[http://ling.uni-konstanz.de/pages/conferences/dgfs-cl00/ 1st Computational Linguistics Fall School] <br />
*[http://www.phonetik.uni-muenchen.de/Bas/BasHomeeng.html Bayerisches Archiv f¸r Sprachsignale, Universit‰t M¸nchen] <br />
*[http://www.ldv.uni-trier.de:8080 Computational Linguistics at University of Trier, Germany] <br />
*[http://www.cl.uni-bremen.de/ Computational Linguistics in Bremen] <br />
*[http://www.gs.uni-heidelberg.de/ Computational Linguistics, University of Heidelberg] <br />
*[http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/ DFKI - Kaiserslautern] <br />
*[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/gramotron/index.html IMS Theoretical Computational Linguistics: GRAMOTRON Group (University of Stuttgart, Institute for Natural Language Processing)] <br />
*[http://www.ids-mannheim.de/ Institut fuer deutsche Sprache] <br />
*[http://www.uni-koblenz.de/~compling Institute for Computational Linguistics, Univ. of Koblenz] <br />
*[http://www.ling.uni-potsdam.de/ Linguistics dept. ,Potsdam] <br />
*[http://www.phil.uni-passau.de/linguistik/ Linguistics, University of Passau] <br />
*[http://mm-werkstatt.informatik.uni-augsburg.de/ Multimedia Concepts and Their Applications (University of Augsburg)] <br />
*[http://www.phonetik.uni-muenchen.de/ Phonetics Department, Univ. of Munich] <br />
*[http://www.informatik.fernuni-hagen.de/pi7/ University Hagen, Dept. of Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing] <br />
*[http://www.linguistics.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/ University of Bochum Dept. of General and Comparative Linguistics] <br />
*[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/IMS.html University of Stuttgart Institute for Natural Language Processing] <br />
*[http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/ University of T&uuml;bingen, Dept. of Linguistics] <br />
*[http://coli.uni-sb.de/ University of the Saarland Dept. of Computational Linguistics and Phonetics] <br />
*[http://www.gs.uni-heidelberg.de/ Visiting Professors Wanted]<br />
<br />
===Greece===<br />
*[http://www.ilsp.gr/ Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Athens] <br />
*[http://glotta.ntua.gr/nlp Natural Language Processing Lab, NTUA, Greece] <br />
*[http://www.iit.demokritos.gr/skel Software and Knowledge Engineering Lab, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece] <br />
*[http://slt.wcl.ee.upatras.gr/ Speech and Language Technology group, U. of Patras]<br />
<br />
===Hungary===<br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Hungary Language Engineering in Hungary (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)]<br />
<br />
===Ireland===<br />
*[http://www.cs.tcd.ie/courses/csll/CSLLcourse.html Trinity College, University of Dublin, Undergraduate Degree in Computational Linguistics]<br />
<br />
===Italy===<br />
*[http://tcc.itc.it/ Cognitive and Communication Technologies division at ITC-Irst] <br />
*[http://www.ilc.pi.cnr.it/ Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale] <br />
*[http://www.glerion.com realizzazione siti web - web design]<br />
<br />
===Latvia===<br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Latvia Language Engineering in Latvia (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)]<br />
<br />
===Lithuania===<br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Lithuania Language Engineering in Lithuania (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)]<br />
<br />
===Netherlands===<br />
*[http://ilk.uvt.nl/~antalb/ Antal van den Bosch, Computational Linguistics and AI, Tilburg University, Netherlands] <br />
*[http://www.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/Clin/clin.html CLIN - Computational Lingustics in the Netherlands] <br />
*[http://wwwseti.cs.utwente.nl/Docs/parlevink/parlevink.html Parlevink Linguistic Engineering Project - Univ. of Twente] <br />
*[http://fonsg3.let.uva.nl/ University of Amsterdam - Institute of Phonetic Sciences] <br />
*[http://www.hum.uva.nl/graduateschool University of Amsterdam Masters Program in Linguistics] <br />
*[http://www.cs.kun.nl/agfl/ University of Nijmegen: Affix Grammars over a Finite Lattice (AGFL)] <br />
*[http://www-uilots.let.uu.nl/ Utrecht institute of Linguistics OTS]<br />
<br />
===Norway===<br />
*[http://helmer.aksis.uib.no/batmult/ BATMULT at the University of Bergen, Norway]<br />
<br />
===Poland===<br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Poland Language Engineering in Poland (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)]<br />
<br />
===Romania===<br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Romania Language Engineering in Romania (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)]<br />
<br />
===Russia===<br />
*[http://rykov-cl.narod.ru/ Corpus Linguistics - course of lectures read in Grodno in 2002]<br />
<br />
===Slovakia===<br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Slovak Republic Language Engineering in Slovakia (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)]<br />
<br />
===Slovenia===<br />
*[http://kt.ijs.si/ Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jozef Stefan Institute] <br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Slovenia Language Engineering in Slovenia (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)]<br />
<br />
===Spain===<br />
*[http://www.grupocole.org/ COLE Research Group] <br />
*[http://www.deli.deusto.es DELi: Digital edition and language engineering at Deusto University] <br />
*[http://www.upf.es/dtf Department of Translation and Philology, Universitat Pompeu,Fabra (UPF), Barcelona] <br />
*[http://www.dq-salamanca.com don Quijote Salamanca Spanish Language School] <br />
*[http://protos.dis.ulpgc.es Grupo de Estructuras de Datos y Linguistica Computacional. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria] <br />
*[http://www.iiia.csic.es/ Institut d'Investigaci&oacute; en Intellig&egrave;ncia Artificial] <br />
*[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/ IXA Group. The University of the Basque Country] <br />
*[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa Ixa Taldea] <br />
*[http://www.lllf.uam.es/ Laboratorio de Ling¸Ìstica Inform·tica, Universidad AutÛnoma de Madrid (LLI-UAM)] <br />
*[http://www.um.es/lacell/ LACELL Research Group, University of Murcia] <br />
*[http://gplsi.dlsi.ua.es/gplsi/areasf.htm Language Processing and Information Systems Group, University of Alicante] <br />
*[http://www.dq-barcelona.com Learn Spanish in Barcelona] <br />
*[http://www.donquijote.org Learn Spanish in Spain & Latin America] <br />
*[http://www.lsi.upc.es/~nlp/ Natural Language Research Group, Technical University of Catalonia] <br />
*[http://www.uvigo.es/webs/h06/webh06/sli/index.html Seminario de Linguistica Informatica - Universidade de Vigo] <br />
*[http://www.talp.upc.es/ TALP Research Center] <br />
*[http://www.vai.dia.fi.upm.es/ Validation and Bussiness Applications Group. Linguistic team.]<br />
<br />
===Sweden===<br />
*[http://www.ling.gu.se/ Department of Linguistics - Univ. of Goteborg] <br />
*[http://www.speech.kth.se/ Department of Speech Communication and Music Acoustics, KTH, Sweden] <br />
*[http://www.ling.uu.se/ Linguistics, University of Uppsala, Sweden] <br />
*[http://www.ling.lu.se/ Lund University Dept. of Linguistics and Phonetics] <br />
*[http://www.ida.liu.se/~nlplab/ NLPLAB, Department of Computer and Information Science, Link&ouml;ping university] <br />
*[http://www.ling.gu.se/~cooper Robin Cooper] <br />
*[http://www.sics.se/nlp/nlp.html SICS - Natural Language Processing Group] <br />
*[http://stp.ling.uu.se/stp/ STP: Language Engineering Programme, Uppsala] <br />
*[http://jean.ling.umu.se/ Umea University Institute of Linguistics]<br />
<br />
===Switzerland===<br />
*[http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/groups/CL/ Computational Linguistics Group, Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Zurich] <br />
*[http://www.unifr.ch/ Institut d'Informatique de l'Universite de Fribourg] <br />
*[http://www.idiap.ch/ Institut Dalle Molle d'Intelligence Artificielle Perceptive] <br />
*[http://www.unil.ch/ling/Bienvenue.html Linguistics Department, Univ. de Lausanne] <br />
*[http://www.unil.ch/ling UNIL / Linguistique]<br />
<br />
===Turkey===<br />
*[http://www.hlst.sabanciuniv.edu HUMAN LANGUAGE AND SPEECH TECHNOLOGIES LABORATORY] <br />
*[http://www.lcsl.metu.edu.tr/ Laboratory for the Computational Studies of Language, Middle East Technical University]<br />
<br />
===UK===<br />
*[http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/~agatt/nlg/ Aberdeen Natural Language Generation Group] <br />
*[http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/ccs/home.html Alexander Holt, Centre for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh] <br />
*[http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/research/babytalk/ Babytalk: Generating Textual Summaries of Clinical Temporal Data] <br />
*[http://www.clg.ox.ac.uk CL group at Oxford University] <br />
*[http://clwww.essex.ac.uk/ CL/MT Research Group Home Page - University of Essex] <br />
*[http://clg.wlv.ac.uk/ Computational Linguistics at the University of Wolverhampton] <br />
*[http://svr-www.eng.cam.ac.uk/cstit/ COMPUTER SPEECH, TEXT, AND INTERNET TECHNOLOGY] <br />
*[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/ Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh] <br />
*[http://www.essex.ac.uk/linguistics/ Department of Linguistics, University of Essex] <br />
*[http://www.itri.brighton.ac.uk/ Information Technology Research Institute, University of Brighton] <br />
*[http://www.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/research/groups/nlp/index.html New MSc and MPhil/PhD Programs in Natural Language Processing in the Computer Science Dept. at King's College, London] <br />
*[http://www.rdues.uce.ac.uk/ Research and Development Unit for English Studies (RDUES)] <br />
*[http://rdues.uce.ac.uk/ Research and Development Unit for English Studies (RSDUES)] <br />
*[http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/research/ucrel/corpora.html UCREL corpus page] <br />
*[http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/research/ucrel/ Unit for Computer Research on the English Language] <br />
*[http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/ Univ. of London University College Dept. of Phonetics and Linguistics] <br />
*[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/NL/index.html University of Cambridge - NLP group] <br />
*[http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/hcrc/home.html University of Edinburgh Human Communication Research Center] <br />
*[http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/LAC/ University of Essex, Language and Computation Group] <br />
*[http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/jre/ University of Leeds] <br />
*[http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/nlp/ University of Leeds, School of Computing, NLP group] <br />
*[http://osiris.sunderland.ac.uk/jta/nl-grp.htm University of Sunderland Natural Language Engineering Group] <br />
*[http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/lab/nlp/index.html University of Sussex Computational Linguistics]<br />
*[http://www.surrey.ac.uk/ELI/eli.htm English Language Institute, University of Surrey, England.]<br />
<br />
===Ukraine===<br />
*[http://www.elsnet.org/publications/survey/#Ukraine Language Engineering in Ukraine (from Univ. of Edinburgh/ELSNET)]<br />
<br />
==Oceania==<br />
*[http://www.clt.mq.edu.au/ Centre for Language Technology, Macquarie University] <br />
*[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/info/SitesAustralia.html Computational Linguistics in Australia] <br />
*[http://www.vuw.ac.nz/ling Department of Linguistics at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand] <br />
*[http://www.auckland.ac.nz/asi/asi_home.html Dept. of Asian Languages & Literatures at The University of Auckland, New Zealand] <br />
*[http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/research/lt/ Language Technology Group, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Melbourne] <br />
*[http://www.arts.unimelb.edu.au/Dept/LALX University of Melbourne Department of Linguistics & Applied Linguistics]<br />
<br />
==South America==<br />
<br />
===Brazil===<br />
*[http://www.di.ufpe.br/ Jacques Robin, CS Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil] <br />
*[http://www.nilc.icmc.usp.br/nilc/ NILC - An Interinstitutional Center for Research and Development in Computational Linguistics]<br />
<br />
==USA==<br />
*[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/info/SitesNorthAmerica.html Computational Linguistics in North America] <br />
===California===<br />
*[http://liso.ucsb.edu/ Language, Interaction, and Social Organization Group at UC - Santa Barbara] <br />
*[http://www-linguistics.stanford.edu/ Linguistics Department, Stanford University] <br />
*[http://ling.ucsc.edu/ Linguistics Dept. University of California, Santa Cruz] <br />
*[http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/nlp-at-isi.html NLP group, USC] <br />
*[http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/dept/linguist/index.html San Diego State University Dept. of Linguistics] <br />
*[http://www-csli.stanford.edu/ Stanford University - CSLI] <br />
*[http://crl.ucsd.edu/ Univ. Cal. San Diego Center for Research in Language] <br />
*[http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/linguistics/general/linguist.htm University of California, Los Angeles; Dept. of Linguistics] <br />
*[http://www.isi.edu/ USC - Information Sciences Institute (ISI)] <br />
*[http://www.ict.usc.edu/ USC Institute for Creative Technologies]<br />
<br />
===Connecticut===<br />
*[http://www.haskins.yale.edu/ Haskins Laboratories, Yale University] <br />
*[http://www.cis.yale.edu/linguist/ Yale University, Department of Linguistics]<br />
<br />
===Delaware===<br />
*[http://www.ling.udel.edu/ling/ Department of Linguistics, University of Delaware] <br />
*[http://www.asel.udel.edu/natlang/nli.html University of Delaware - Natural Languages Interface Group] <br />
*[http://www.asel.udel.edu/natlang/nlp/nlp.html University of Delaware Natural Language Processing Lab] <br />
*[http://www.cis.udel.edu/~decker/ai_nlp.html University of Delaware, Natural Language Processing]<br />
<br />
===Illinois===<br />
*[http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/ Cognitive Computation Group at CS dept, Univ. of IL, Urbana Champaign] <br />
*[http://www.siu.edu/departments/cola/ling01 Department of Linguistics, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.] <br />
*[http://www.cas.northwestern.edu/linguistics/ Department of Linguistics,Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Nothwestern University] <br />
*[http://ap-www.uchicago.edu/AcaPubs/GradAnno/HumDiv/Lingf.html University of Chicago Dept. of Linguistics]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Iowa===<br />
*[http://www.uiowa.edu/~linguist/ Department of Linguistics, University of Iowa] <br />
<br />
===Maryland===<br />
*[http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/labs/CLIP Computational Linguistics and Information Processing Lab, U. of Maryland] <br />
*[http://www.cog.jhu.edu/index.html Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Cognitive Science] <br />
*[http://www.usna.edu/LangStudy/ Language Studies Department, US Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD]<br />
<br />
===Massachusetts===<br />
*[http://das-www.harvard.edu/aiken.html Harvard University Computer Science Department]<br />
<br />
===Michigan===<br />
*[http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/ Univ. of Michigan AI Lab] <br />
*[http://www.lsa.umich.edu/eli/research/library/ University of Michigan English Language Institute Library]<br />
<br />
===Minnesota===<br />
*[http://carla.acad.umn.edu/ CARLA: Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition]<br />
<br />
===New York===<br />
*[http://www.tcnj.edu/~mmmartin/CMSC485/CMSC485.html CMSC 485: Special Topics : Question Answering Systems] <br />
*[http://www.cs.columbia.edu/nlp/sgd/ Columbia Statistical Generation Day] <br />
*[http://web.gc.cuny.edu/linguistics/ CUNY (City University of New York) Graduate Center Linguistics Program]<br />
*[http://www.cs.buffalo.edu/ Department of Computer Science, SUNY Buffalo] <br />
*[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/NLP/ Natural Language Processing, Computer Science, Cornell University] <br />
*[http://cs.nyu.edu/cs/projects/proteus New York University - Proteus Project] <br />
*[http://www.nyu.edu/pages/linguistics New York University Linguistics Department] <br />
*[http://www.cs.columbia.edu/nlp/ NLP Group - Columbia University] <br />
*[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/ University of Rochester - CS Department] <br />
*[http://www.ling.rochester.edu/ University of Rochester - Linguistics department]<br />
<br />
===New Mexico===<br />
*[http://crl.nmsu.edu/Home.html New Mexico State University Computing Research Lab Home Page]<br />
<br />
===North Carolina===<br />
*[http://www.ils.unc.edu/~losee Bob Losee, University of North Carolina]<br />
<br />
===Ohio===<br />
*[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/research/comp/ Ohio State University Computational Linguistics]<br />
<br />
===Oregon===<br />
*[http://www.cse.ogi.edu/CHCC Oregon Graduate Institute - Center for Human-Computer Interaction] <br />
*[http://www.cse.ogi.edu/CSLU/ Oregon Graduate Institute - Center for Spoken Language Understanding]<br />
<br />
===Pennsylvania===<br />
*[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~ircs/homepage.html Institute for Research in Cognitive Science (University of Pennsylvania)] <br />
*[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/cliffnotes.html Research in the Language, Information and Computation Laboratory (U. Penn)] <br />
*[http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/ Speech at CMU Webpage (Sphinx Group)] <br />
*[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/soar/public/www/home-page.html The SOAR project] <br />
*[http://ling.upenn.edu/ University of Pennsylvania Dept. of Linguistics] <br />
*[http://www.isp.pitt.edu/ University of Pittsburgh Intelligent Systems Program]<br />
<br />
===Rhode Island===<br />
*[http://www.cog.brown.edu/ Department of Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences at Brown University] <br />
*[http://www.cog.brown.edu/Research/nlp/ NLP group at Brown]<br />
<br />
===Texas===<br />
*[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mfkb/papers KBS Group, University of Texas - Selected Publications] <br />
*[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mfkb/knight.html UT-Austin NLG in Computer Science]<br />
*[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu University of Texas at Austin Computational Linguistics Lab] <br />
*[http://ling.uta.edu/ UTexas-Arlington Linguistics Dept.]<br />
<br />
===Utah===<br />
*[http://nlp.cs.byu.edu/mediawiki/index.php/Main_Page Brigham Young University Natural Language Processing Lab]<br />
*[http://www.cs.utah.edu/projects/nlp/ University of Utah Natural Language Processing Group]<br />
<br />
===Washington===<br />
*[http://www.compling.washington.edu/ Computational Linguistics MA program, University of Washington]<br />
<br />
===Washington D.C.===<br />
*[http://www.georgetown.edu/departments/linguistics/news/CLIPos.htm Department of Linguistics, Georgetown University] <br />
*[http://summerschool.georgetown.edu/ Georgetown Summer Institute 2004] <br />
*[http://www.georgetown.edu/compling/home.html Georgetown University Department of Linguistics]<br />
<br />
===Wisconsin===<br />
*[http://tigger.cs.uwm.edu/~nlkrrg University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee]</div>Jasonbaldridge