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<div>'''Computational phonology''' is the application of formal and computational techniques to the representation and processing of phonological information. It "''deals with the changes in sound patterns that take place when words are put together''" <ref> Sproat, Samuelsson, Chu-Carrol, and Carpenter, Computional Linguistics, in Mark Aronoff, Janie Rees-Miller, [http://ca.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1405102527.html The Handbook of Linguistics], Wiley-Blackwell, 2003, 622-6.</ref>. While phonological analysis defines formal models and systematically tests it against data, computer science would speed up task, i.e. by software which induces (computational) models. Computational help opens a gate for broader, abstract perspectives when the outcoming data combine with further media types. In phonology, it is a new way in storing, representing and making data accessible.<br />
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==Data==<br />
The phonological data used are text, wordlists and paradigms. <br />
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==Analysis==<br />
There are different forms of analysis -like the traditional ''string-based rewrite-rule analysis'' or the current ''prosodic declarative analysis''- but differences between them are rather small. If there is a theory sufficiently modeling the sound pattern of a language then the first step to implement the theory is to ''formalize'' it. The analysing process is undertaken by a '''device''' (program); i.e. a '''transducer''' mapping inputs to surface forms as output. A device also implements phonological rules.<br />
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==History==<br />
Formerly, it was conducted manually on paper without any help of computers. The increasing development of technical support was helpful to phonology continuing its work a in a more specific way.<br />
One of the first publications concerning computational phonology was in 1968 about “''Phonological Rule Tester''” by Bobrow and Fraser.<br />
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==Current research==<br />
In nowadays research there are four approaches/key areas within analysis. Bird <ref> Steven Bird, Computational Phonology, University of Pennsylvania, April 2002, pdf seen on 11/25/2010[http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0204023].</ref> calls them optimality theory, automatic learning, interfaces to grammar or phonetics and supporting phonological description.<br />
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==References==<br />
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==See also==<br />
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*Steven Bird, [http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0204023 Computational Phonology], in Ruslan Mitkov (ed.), [http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780198238829.do The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics], Oxford University Press, 2004.<br />
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*Steven Bird, Deirdre Wheeler, Bob Carpenter, Computational phonology: A constraint-based approach, The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeer Archives, 2002.<br />
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*T. Mark Ellison,James M. Scobbie (eds.), Computational Phonology, The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeer Archives, 2000.<br />
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*Michael Becker (ed.), University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics 36 (UMOP 36): "Papers in Theoretical and Computational Phonology", Booksurge Llc, 2007.<br />
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==Book==<br />
Steven Bird, [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/sb/home/book.html Computational Phonology: A Constraint-Based Approach], Studies in Natural Language Processing, Cambridge University Press, 1995.<br />
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==External link==<br />
* [http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/igphon/ SIGPHON]: Association for Computational Linguistics’ (ACL) special interest group in computational phonology<br />
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* [http://www.sil.org/computing/comp-morph-phon.html Computational Morphology and Phonology]: SIL International<br />
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[[Category:Research]]</div>Furkanakkurt2137