https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Creek 2026-04-14T13:35:40Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Word_sense_disambiguation&diff=9484 2012-06-25T10:31:46Z

<p>Creek: /* Corpus based */</p> <hr /> <div>'''Word Sense Disambiguation''' (WSD) is the process of identifying the sense of a polysemic word.<br /> <br /> In modern WSD systems, the senses of a word are typically taken from some specified dictionary. These days [[WordNet]] is the usual dictionary in question. WSD has been investigated in computational linguistics as a specific task for well over 40 years, though the acronym is newer. The SENSEVAL conferences have attempted to put Word Sense Disambiguation on an empirically measurable basis by hosting evaluations in which a given corpus of tagged word senses are created using [[WordNet]]'s senses and participants attempt to recognize those senses after tuning their systems with a corpus of training data.<br /> <br /> ==Introduction==<br /> One of the first problems that is encountered by any natural language processing system is that of lexical ambiguity, be it syntactic or semantic. The resolution of a word's syntactic ambiguity has largely been solved in language processing by part-of-speech taggers which predict the syntactic category of words in text with high levels of accuracy. &lt;ref&gt;E. Brill. Transformation-based error-driven learning and natural language processing: A case study in part of speech tagging. Computational Linguistics, 21(4):543-566, December 1995&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> The problem is that words often have more than one meaning, sometimes fairly similar and sometimes completely different. The meaning of a word in a particular usage can only be determined by examining its context. This is, in general, a trivial task for the human language processing system, for example consider the following two sentences, each with a different sense of the word bank :<br /> #The boy leapt from the bank into the cold water. <br /> #The van pulled up outside the bank and three masked men got out. <br /> We immediately recognise that in the first sentence bank refers to the edge of a river and in the second to a building. However, the task has proved to be difficult for computer and some have believed that it would never be solved. An early sceptic was Bar-Hillel who famously proclaimed that &quot;sense ambiguity could not be resolved by electronic computer either current or imaginable&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Y. Bar-Hillel. Language and Information. Addison-Wesley, 1964.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> However, the situation is not as bad as Bar-Hillel feared, there have been several advances in word sense disambiguation and it is now at a stage where lexical ambiguity in text can be resolved with a reasonable degree of accuracy.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The problem of WSD was first introduced by Warren Weaver in 1949 &lt;ref&gt;W. Weaver. 1949. [http://www.hutchinsweb.me.uk/MTNI-22-1999.pdf Translation]. In Machine Translation of Languages: Fourteen Essays, ed. by Locke, W.N. and Booth, A.D. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.&lt;/ref&gt;. In 1975 Kelly and Stone &lt;ref&gt;E.F. Kelly and P.J. Stone. 1975. Computer Recognition of English Word Senses, Amsterdam: North-Holland.&lt;/ref&gt; published a book explicitly listing their rules for disambiguation of word senses. As large-scale lexical resources became available in the 1980s, the automatic extraction of lexical knowledge became possible, disambiguation was still knowledge- or dictionary - based though. With the rise of statistical methods in CL in the 1990s, WSD became one of the main focus' of supervised learning techniques.<br /> <br /> ==Approaches==<br /> ===Knowledge based===<br /> Under this approach disambiguation is carried out using information from an explicit lexicon or knowledge base. The lexicon may be a machine readable dictionary, thesaurus or it may be hand-crafted. This is one of most popular approaches to word sense disambiguation and amongst others, work has been done using existing lexical knowledge sources such as WordNet &lt;ref&gt;Agirre, E. and Rigau, G. (1996). Word sense disambiguation using conceptual density. In Proceedings of COLING'96&lt;/ref&gt; and LDOCE &lt;ref&gt;J. Guthrie, L. Guthrie, Y. Wilks and H. Aidinejad, Subject-Dependent Co-Occurrence and Word Sense Disambiguation, ACL-91, pp. 146-152.&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> The information in these resources has been used in several ways, for example Wilks and Stevenson &lt;ref&gt;Y. Wilks and M. Stevenson. The Grammar of Sense: using part-of-speech tags as a first step in semantic disambiguation. To appear in Journal of Natural Language Engineering, 4(3).&lt;/ref&gt; use large lexicons (generally machine readable dictionaries) and the information associated with the senses (such as part-of-speech tags, topical guides and selectional preferences) to indicate the correct sense. Another approach is to treat the text as an unordered bag of words where similarity measures are calculated by looking at the semantic similarity (as measured from the knowledge source) between all the words in the window regardless of their positions, as was used by Yarowsky &lt;ref&gt;D. Yarowsky. Word-sense disambiguation using statistical models of Roget's categories trained on large corpora. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-92), pages 454-460, Nantes, France, 1992.&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> ===Corpus based===<br /> This approach attempts to disambiguate words using information which is gained by training on some corpus, rather that taking it directly from an explicit knowledge source. This training can be carried out on [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]either a disambiguated or raw corpus, where a disambiguated corpus is one where the semantics of each polysemous lexical item is marked and a raw corpus one without such marking.<br /> ====Disambiguated corpora====<br /> This set of techniques requires a training corpus which has already been disambiguated. In general a machine learning algorithm of some kind is applied to certain features extracted from the corpus and used to form a representation of each of the senses. This representation can then be applied to new instances in order to disambiguate them. Different researchers have made use of different sets of features, for example local collocates such as first noun to the left and right, second word to the left/right and so on. However, a more common feature set is to take all the words in a window of words around the ambiguous words, treating the context as an unordered bag of words.<br /> Another approach is to use Hidden Markov Models which have proved very successful in part-of-speech tagging. Realizing of course that semantic tagging is a much more difficult problem than part-of-speech tagging, &lt;ref&gt;Segond, F., Schiller, A., Grefenstette, G., and Chanod, J. (1997). An experiment in semantic tagging using hidden markov model tagging. In Vossen, P., Adriaens, G., Calzolari, N., Sanfilippo, A., and Wilks, Y., editors, Proceedings of the ACL/EACL'97 Workshop on Automatic Information Extraction and Building of Lexical Semantic Resources.&lt;/ref&gt; decided nonetheless to perform an experiment to see how well words can be semantically disambiguated using techniques that have proven to be effective in part-of-speech tagging. This experiment involved the following steps:<br /> #deriving a lexicon from the WordNet data files which contains all possible semantic tags for each noun, adjective, adverb and verb. Words having no semantic tags (determiners, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, etc.) are ignored.<br /> #constructing a training corpus and a test corpus from the semantically tagged Brown corpus (manually tagged by the WordNet team) by extracting tokens for the HMM bigrams.<br /> #computing a HMM model based on the training corpus, runnig the tagger on the test corpus and comparing the results with the original tags in the test corpus.<br /> The general problem with these methods is their reliance on disambiguated corpora which are expensive and difficult to obtain. This has meant that many of these algorithms have been tested on very small numbers of different words, often as few as 10.<br /> ====Raw Corpora====<br /> It is often difficult to obtain appropriate lexical resources (especially for texts in a specialized sublanguage). This lack of resources has led several researchers to explore the use of unannotated, raw, corpora to perform unsupervised disambiguation. It should be noted that unsupervised disambiguation cannot actually label specific terms as a referring to a specific concept: that would require more information than is available. What unsupervised disambiguation can achieve is word sense discrimination, it clusters the instances of a word into distinct categories without giving those categories labels from a lexicon (such as WordNet synsets).<br /> An example of this is the dynamic matching technique&lt;ref&gt;Radford et al. (1996)&lt;/ref&gt; which examines all instances of a given term in a corpus and compares the contexts in which they occur for common words and syntactic patterns. A similarity matrix is thus formed which is subject to cluster analysis to determine groups of semantically related instances of terms.<br /> Another example is the work of Pedersen &lt;ref&gt;T. Pedersen and R. Bruce. Distinguishing word senses in untagged text. In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Providence, RI, August 1997.&lt;/ref&gt; who compared three different unsupervised learning algorithms on 13 different words. Each algorithm was trained on text with was tagged with either the WordNet or LDOCE sense for the word but the algorithm had no access to the truce senses. What it did have access to was the number of senses for each word and each algorithm split the instances of each word into the appropriate number of clusters. These clusters were then mapped onto the closest sense from the appropriate lexicon. Unfortunately the results are not very encouraging, Pedersen reports 65-66% correct disambiguation depending on the learning algorithm used. This result should be compared against that fact that, in the corpus he used, 73% of the instances could be correctly classified by simply choosing the most frequent sense.<br /> <br /> ===Hybrid Approaches===<br /> These approaches can be neither properly classified as knowledge or corpus based but use part of both approaches. A good example of this is Luk's system &lt;ref&gt;A. Luk. Statistical sense disambiguation with relatively small corpora using dictionary definitions. In Proceedings of the 33rd Meetings of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-95), pages 181-188, Cambridge, M.A., 1995.&lt;/ref&gt; which uses the textual definitions of senses from a machine readable dictionary (LDOCE) to identify relations between senses. He then uses a corpus to calculate mutual information scores between these related senses in order to discover the most useful. This allowed Luk to produce a system which used the information in lexical resources as a way of reducing the amount of text needed in the training corpus.<br /> Another example of this approach is the unsupervised algorithm of Yarowsky &lt;ref&gt;D. Yarowsky. Unsupervised word-sense disambiguation rivaling supervised methods. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Lainguistics (ACL '95), pages 189-196, Cambridge, MA, 1995.&lt;/ref&gt;. This takes a small number of seed definitions of the senses of some word (the seeds could be WordNet synsets or definitions from some lexicon) and uses these to classify the &quot;obvious&quot; cases in a corpus. Decision lists &lt;ref&gt;R. Rivest. Learning decision lists. Machine Learning, 2(3):229-246, 1987&lt;/ref&gt; are then used to make generalisations based on the corpus instances classified so far and these lists are then re-applied to the corpus to classify more instances. The learning proceeds in this way until all corpus instances are classified. Yarowsky reports that the system correctly classifies senses 96% of the time.<br /> <br /> ==Discussions==<br /> Word Sense Disambiguation has several debates within the field as to whether the senses offered in existing dictionaries are adequate to distinguish the subtle meanings used in text contexts and how to evaluate the overall performance of a WSD system. For example, does it make sense to describe an overall percentage accuracy for a WSD system or does evaluation require specific comparison of system performance on a word by word basis. <br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Word Sense Disambiguation (State of the art)]]<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_sense_disambiguation Wikipedia's introduction to WSD]<br /> * [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Word_sense_disambiguation Word sense disambiguation in Scholarpedia]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Word sense disambiguation|*]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=VerbOcean&diff=9483 2012-06-25T10:30:23Z

<p>Creek: /* Authors */</p> <hr /> <div>'''VerbOcean''' is a broad-coverage semantic network of verbs created by [[Timothy Chklovski]] and [[Patrick Pantel]] at the [[University of Southern California]]'s [[Information Sciences Institute]].<br /> <br /> == Acquiring the Resource ==<br /> <br /> VerbOcean is free to download from the [http://semantics.isi.edu/ocean/ VerbOcean Homepage].<br /> <br /> == Demos ==<br /> * [http://falcon.isi.edu/cgi-bin/graph-analysis/view-graph.pl VerbOcean Interactive Browser]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Please refer to the following publication when using this resource:<br /> * Timothy Chklovski and Patrick Pantel. 2004. VerbOcean: Mining the Web for Fine-Grained Semantic Verb Relations. In ''Proceedings of Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-04)''. Barcelona, Spain.<br /> <br /> For a description of work on refining VerbOcean, please see:<br /> * Timothy Chklovski and Patrick Pantel. 2005. Global Path-based Refinement of Noisy Graphs Applied to Verb Semantics. In Proceedings of Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP-05). pp. 792-803. Jeju Island, South Korea.<br /> * Timothy Chklovski and Patrick Pantel. 2004. Path Analysis for Refining Verb Relations. In Proceedings of KDD Workshop on Link Analysis and Group Detection (LinkKDD-04). pp. 92-97. Seattle, WA.<br /> <br /> == Authors ==<br /> [http://www.isi.edu/~timc Timothy Chklovski]<br /> <br /> [http://www.patrickpantel.com/ Patrick Pantel]<br /> <br /> [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> <br /> [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> <br /> == External Links ==<br /> <br /> * [http://semantics.isi.edu/ocean/ VerbOcean Homepage]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Knowledge Collections and Datasets]]<br /> [[Category:Textual Entailment Portal]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Uncategorized_tools&diff=9482 2012-06-25T10:29:35Z

<p>Creek: </p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div class=&quot;usermessage&quot;&gt;<br /> * Please ''do not add anything new to this list''; we would like to eventually eliminate this list.<br /> * Please help us by moving links into categories; add new categories to [[Tools and Software]] if needed.<br /> * Please add new items to the [[List of resources by language]] where appropriate.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://www.answerbus.com/index.shtml Answerbus -- Automatic Language Detection Software ]<br /> * [http://homepage.mac.com/bncweb/home.html BNCweb: A Web-Based Interface to the British National Corpus ]<br /> * [http://lingo.stanford.edu/ CSLI LinGO Lab (Stanford) ]<br /> * [http://nlg18.csie.ntu.edu.tw:8080/opinion/index.html Chinese sentiment dictionary NTUSD ]<br /> * [http://www.athel.com/colloc.html Collocate ]<br /> * [http://www.lsi.upc.es/~nlp/freeling/ FreeLing 1.1 ]<br /> * [http://www.webir.org/resources.html IR and IE on the web ]<br /> * [https://sourceforge.net/projects/jwordnet/ JWNL (Java WordNet Library) ]<br /> * [http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~qiul/NLPTools/JavaRAP.html JavaRAP ]<br /> * [http://xlex.uni-muenster.de/ MTP Xlex/www ]<br /> * [http://www.langsoft.ch Natural Language Processing software ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/draft.html Natural Language Software Registry (at DFKI) ]<br /> * [http://www.nzdl.org/ELKB/ Roget's Thesaurus as an Electronic Lexical Knowledge Base ]<br /> * [http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/tact/ Text Analysis Computing Tools (TACT) ]<br /> * [http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/TextCat/ TextCat ]<br /> * [http://igm.univ-mlv.fr/~unitex/ Unitex ]<br /> * [http://webdeptos.uma.es/filifa/personal/amoreno/indexer/ BNC Indexer ]<br /> * [http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/code.html Bigram Statistics Package ]<br /> * [http://www.brainhat.com/ Brainhat Natural Language Processing ]<br /> * [http://www.bultreebank.org/clark CLaRK System ]<br /> * [http://www.chilibot.net/ Chilibot: NLP based miner for gene/protein/keyword relationships ]<br /> * [http://www.dtreg.com DTREG 2.0 decision trees with TreeBoost ]<br /> * [http://delphesintl.com/ Delphes Technologies International ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/est21.html ESTEAM (ESPRIT 316) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/howtopc.html How to Use IT (MS-DOS) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/howtomac.html How to Use IT (Mac) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/hyphenation.html Hyphenation and Spell-checking (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/ila2.html ILA multilingual toolkit (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/korek21.html KOREKTOR 2.0 (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.xs4all.nl/~bsarempt/linguistics/index.html KURA 1.0 ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/orfo21.html ORFO (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://openddpt.sourceforge.net/links/links.php OpenDiscreteDynamicProgrammingTemplate ]<br /> * [http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/futrelle/bionlp/commercial/opus.html Opus, a commercial biology text mining system ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/parser.html Parser (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://sourceforge.net/projects/pytalk/ Project: Pytalk ]<br /> * [http://www.wagsoft.com/RSTTool/ Release of RSTTool: RSTTool 2.7 ]<br /> * [http://www.softissimo.com/ SOFTISSIMO ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/stamp.html STAMP (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/stem31.html STEMMA (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/corplex/TreeTagger/DecisionTreeTagger.html TreeTagger ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/wordsurv.html WORDSURV (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/data_sets/form_reduction-x.html Base form reduction and search form production (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/data_sets/beep.html British English Example Pronunciations (BEEP) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/data_sets/engcg-x.html ENGCG (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/data_sets/fjgh.html FJGH--grammar (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/data_sets/magic-x.html Magic (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/data_sets/pckim21_turk.html PC--KIMMO definition files for turkish morphology (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://attavik.ca/en_index.html Attavik.net ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/formalisms/cuf.html CUF (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/formalisms/gulp.html GULP -- Graph Unification Logic Programming (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/formalisms/tfs.html TFS (Typed Feature Structure) system (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/formalisms/tug-x.html TUG (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/formalisms/ubs-x.html UBS (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/alfr21-x.html AL FRESCO Interactive System (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/cat2-x.html CAT2(at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/charon-x.html CHARON (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/dectalk-x.html DECtalk (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/elu-x.html ELU (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/fuf.html FUF and SURGE (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/gpsgtools-x.html GPSG--tools (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.stir.ac.uk/english/communication/Computational-tools KPML ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/lkp-x.html Linguistic Kernel Processor (LKP) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/nauda.html NAUDA generation component (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/playmobild-x.html PlayMoBild (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/stem31-x.html STEMMA (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/tag-gen.html TAG--GEN (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/techdoc.html TECHDOC (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.isi.edu/licensed-sw/halogen/index.html The HALogen Natural Language Generation system ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/ubs-x.html UBS -- UnifikationsBasierte Sprache (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://kwicfinder.com/kfNgram/kfNgramHelp.html kfNgram ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/sprachmodell.html konnektionistisches Sprachproduktionsmodell (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.linguateca.pt/corpografo/ Corpografo 2 ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/knowledge/kris.html KRIS -- Knowledge Representation and Inference System (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/knowledge/qdatr.html QDATR (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/knowledge/rhet21.html RHET (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/knowledge/tempos.html TEMPOS (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.conceptnet.org The ConceptNet Project V2.1 ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/knowledge/tdl.html Type description language (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.linguistlist.org/issues/13/13-1916.html VisualText / NLP++ ]<br /> * [http://www.lsi.upc.edu/%7Enlp/IQMT/ IQMT Framework for MT Evaluation ]<br /> * [http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/people/germann/software/ReWrite-Decoder/index.html ISI rewrite decoder ]<br /> * [http://www.scitechint.com/slp Resource for professional-quality language translation tools. ]<br /> * [http://www.travlang.com/Ergane/ The World of MultiLingual Parallel Concordancing ]<br /> * [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Projects/ACE/Tools/ Automatic Content Extraction (ACE): Annotation Tools ]<br /> * [http://sourceforge.net/projects/acopost/ ACOPOST ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/alep.html ALEP (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.lsi.upc.es/~lambert/software/AlignmentSet.html Alignment Set Toolkit ]<br /> * [http://acdc.linguateca.pt/example_alignment.html Alignment of bilingual corpora performed with EasyAlign ]<br /> * [http://lucene.apache.org/java/docs/ Apache Lucene ]<br /> * [http://www.arabeyes.org/ Arabeyes Project ]<br /> * [http://members.aol.com/gnhbos/ocr.htm Aramedia ]<br /> * [http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~jimmylin/downloads/index.html Aranea Question Answering System ]<br /> * [http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/~jo/interarbora/ Arbora Tree Delivery Service ]<br /> * [http://misshoover.si.umich.edu/~zzheng/sentence/ Automatic English Sentence Segmentation ]<br /> * [http://www.clg.wlv.ac.uk/projects/CAST/demos.php Automatic Summarization Demos ]<br /> * [http://www.r.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~nakagawa/resource/termext/atr-e.html Automatic Term Extraction System ]<br /> * [http://lael.pucsp.br/corpora/ Bancos de dados e Ferramentas de an\`alise ]<br /> * [http://www.ai.mit.edu/~murphyk/Software/BNT/bnt.html Bayes Net Toolbox for Matlab ]<br /> * [http://bndev.sourceforge.net/ Bayesian Network tools in Java (BNJ) ]<br /> * [http://sslmit.unibo.it/~baroni/bootcat.html BootCaT: Simple Utilities to Bootstrap Corpora and Terms from the Web ]<br /> * [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/CatalogEntry.jsp?catalogId=LDC2005T13 CCGBank ]<br /> * [http://lael.pucsp.br/corpora/alinhador/ CEPRIL aligner ]<br /> * [http://www.bultreebank.org/clark/index.html CLaRK System ]<br /> * [http://dlt4.mit.edu/~dr/COALS/ COALS: Correlated Occurrence Analogue to Lexical Semantics ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/compulexis2.html COMPULEXIS (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/dist/SuffixTree/ CPAN Suffix Tree Module ]<br /> * [http://callisto.mitre.org/ Callisto Annotation Tool ]<br /> * [http://pie.usna.edu/explorec.html Chargrams Database from British National Corpus ]<br /> * [http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/iiip/doc/cl-http/home-page.html Common Lisp Hypermedia Server ]<br /> * [http://www.cpan.org/ Comprehensive Perl Archive Network ]<br /> * [http://clg.wlv.ac.uk/projects/CAST/ Computer Aided Summarisation Tool (CAST) ]<br /> * [http://infomap.stanford.edu/webdemo Concept Search Engine Information Mapping Demo (Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University) ]<br /> * [https://sourceforge.net/projects/concollate/ Concollate ]<br /> * [http://www.conexor.fi/analysers.html Conexor analysers ]<br /> * [http://borel.slu.edu/crubadan/ Corpus building for minority languages ]<br /> * [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/english-usage/diachronic/index.htm Creating a Parsed and Searchable Diachronic Corpus of Present-Day Spoken English ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/dcgworkbench.html DCG workbench (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/dito.html DITO -- DIagnostic TOol for german syntax (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~dbikel/software.html Dan Bikel's Java WordNet Library ]<br /> * [http://www.dataharmony.com/ Data Harmony, Document Management Software ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~lindek/demos.htm Demos, University of Alberta, Canada ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/dimap.html Dictionary Maintenance Programs (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/dict21.html Dictionary Maintenance Utilities (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://fuzzy.cs.uni-magdeburg.de/~borgelt/dtree.html Dtree - Decision and Regression Tree Induction ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/egg.html EGG -- editor for GPS-grammars (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.foreignword.com/dictionary/truespel/transpel.htm English-Truespel (USA Accent) Text Conversion Tool ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~brill/ Eric Brill's Part of Speech Tagger ]<br /> * [http://grid.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/Fsa/fsa.html FSA6.2xx: Finite State Automata Utilities ]<br /> * [http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/Fsa/Manual/node1.html Finite State Automata Utilities v6 ]<br /> * [http://www.jaist.ac.jp/~hieuxuan/flexcrfs/flexcrfs.html FlexCRFs: Flexible Conditional Random Fields ]<br /> * [http://garraf.epsevg.upc.es/freeling/ FreeLing 1.2 ]<br /> * [http://gate.ac.uk/ GATE (General Architecture for Text Engineering) ]<br /> * [http://www-tsujii.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/GENIA/postagger/ GENIA PoS Tagger ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/glotto.html GLOTTO (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/gtu.html GTU -- Grammatik-Test-Umgebung (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/ws2005/groups/statistical/GenPar.html GenPar Toolkit for Generalized Parsing ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/grammar_workbench.html Grammar Workbench (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.parc.xerox.com/istl/groups/nltt/medley/ Grammar Writer's Workbench for Lexical Functional Grammar ]<br /> * [http://htk.eng.cam.ac.uk Hidden Markov Model Toolkit ]<br /> * [http://www.ida.liu.se/~nlplab/ILink/ I*Link ]<br /> * [http://www.isi.edu/~marcu/software.html ISI's version of the RSTTool ]<br /> * [http://www.infogistics.com/posdemo.htm Infogistics: NLProcessor Interactive Demo ]<br /> * [http://sourceforge.net/projects/jwordnet/ JWNL (Java WordNet Library) ]<br /> * [http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~javabayes/Home/ JavaBayes - version 0.346 ]<br /> * [http://miniappolis.com/KWiCFinder/KWiCFinderHome.html KWiCFinder ]<br /> * [http://sslmit.unibo.it/%7ebaroni/welcome_to_knorpora.html Knorpora 1.0 ]<br /> * [http://www.kwicfinder.com/KWiCFinder.html Kwicfinder ]<br /> * [http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/libsvm/ LIBSVM: A Library for Support Vector Machines ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/linguist.html LINGUIST (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/TextCat/competitors.html Language Identification Tools ]<br /> * [http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~lemur/download.html Lemur Toolkit Download ]<br /> * [http://www.lemurproject.org/ Lemur Toolkit Website ]<br /> * [http://www.leximancer.com/ Leximancer ]<br /> * [http://www.alias-i.com/lingpipe/ LingPipe ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/~lgoddard/Lingua-Syllable-0.03/Syllable.pm Lingua-Syllable ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/lingdat2.html Linguistic DataBase (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/llwizard.html Log-likelihood calculator ]<br /> * [http://mmax.eml-research.de MMAX Annotation Tool ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/monkey.html MONKEY (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.lexically.net/wordsmith/version4/index.htm Mike Scott's Web - Wordsmith Tools ]<br /> * [http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/research/ilash/Moby/ Moby Database ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/author/SHLOMOY/Lingua-EN-Sentence-0.25/lib/Lingua/EN/Sentence.pm Module for splitting text into sentences ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~aiken/moss.html Moss: A System for Detecting Software Plagiarism ]<br /> * [http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/ws2005/groups/statistical/mtv.html Multitree Viewer (MTV) ]<br /> * [http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/NITE/ NITE XML Toolkit ]<br /> * [http://nltk.sourceforge.net NLTK - Natural Language Toolkit ]<br /> * [http://crl.nmsu.edu/Tools/Software/ NMSU Natural Language Processing Tools ]<br /> * [http://www.natlantech.com/lingbench_ide.html Natlanco ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~brill/code.html Natural Language Processing Systems ]<br /> * [http://www.oriel.org/homonym.htm ORIEL -- Online Research Information Environment for the Life Sciences ]<br /> * [http://annotation.semanticweb.org/ontomat/index.html Ontomat Homepage ]<br /> * [http://teach-computers.org/word-expert.html Open Mind ]<br /> * [http://davinci.cs.ucdavis.edu/ OpenRCT Home ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/p-tra.html P--TRA (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://clg.wlv.ac.uk/projects/PALinkA/ PALinkA: A Resource Annotation Tool ]<br /> * [http://www.sil.org/ PC-KIMMO, Englex, PC-PATR, and PC-PARSE ]<br /> * [http://www.bluem.net/downloads/pdftotext_en/ PDF to Text ]<br /> * [http://www.ai.mit.edu/~jrennie/WordNet/ Perl interface to WordNet ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/phono.html Phono (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.tartarus.org/~martin/PorterStemmer/index.html Porter Stemming Algorithm ]<br /> * [http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/info/perso/permanents/enguehard/recherche/CoRRecT/CoRRecT_gb.htm Project CoRRecT: Reference Corpus for the Recognition of Terms ]<br /> * [http://protege.stanford.edu/ Protege Project ]<br /> * [http://www.lingsoft.fi/cgi-pub/engcg Publically available POS tagger ]<br /> * [http://www.openchannelsoftware.org/projects/Qanda Qanda: Open source question answering system ]<br /> * [http://corpus.leeds.ac.uk/query-zh.html Query to Chinese Corpora ]<br /> * [http://www-rali.iro.umontreal.ca/Reacc/ R&amp;eacute;acc - reaccenting software ]<br /> * [http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~rpnlpir/daemonCollins/ README for the daemonized version of Collins' Parser ]<br /> * [http://www.reitter-it-media.de/compling/index.html RST LaTeX (Reitter IT and Media) ]<br /> * [http://www.research-lab.com/ Research-lab.com ]<br /> * [http://hacks.oreilly.com/pub/h/1011 Robot Karaoke ]<br /> * [http://herzberg.ca.sandia.gov/jess/index.shtml Rule Engine for the Java Platform ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/semblex.html SEMBLEX (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://start.csail.mit.edu/ START Natural Language Question Answering System ]<br /> * [http://www.lsi.upc.edu/%7Enlp/SVMTool/ SVMTool ]<br /> * [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/resources/selprefs Selectional Preferences Extracted from Semcor for WordNet 1.6 Synsets (v 1.0) ]<br /> * [http://ilk.uvt.nl/~sabine/chunklink/ Software - The chunklink script, by Sabine Buchholz ]<br /> * [http://www-a2k.is.tokushima-u.ac.jp/member/kita/NLP/nlp_tools.html Software Tools for NLP ]<br /> * [http://people.csail.mit.edu/people/mcollins/code.html Software and Data Sets for Collins Natural Language Parser ]<br /> * [http://www-nlp.stanford.edu/software/lex-parser.shtml Stanford Parser ]<br /> * [http://swesum.nada.kth.se/index-eng.html SweSum - Automatic Text Summarizer (with PRM) ]<br /> * [http://www.cic.ipn.mx/~sidorov/agme/ System for Automatic Morphological Analysis of Spanish ]<br /> * [http://www.wagsoft.com/Coder/ Systemic Coder -- a Text Markup Tool (Version 4.5) ]<br /> * [http://timex2.mitre.org/taggers/timex2_taggers.html TIMEX2 Taggers ]<br /> * [http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/parallel.html Ted Pedersen - Tools for Parallel Text ]<br /> * [http://lsi.research.telcordia.com/ Telcordia Latent Semantic Indexing Demo Machine ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/term.html Term Rewrite System for non-confluent TRS's (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.tei-c.org/Software/index.html Text Encoding Initiative --Tools ]<br /> * [http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/research/ucrel/claws/tagservice.html The CLAWS tagging service ]<br /> * [http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/ws99/projects/mt/toolkit/ The EGYPT Statistical Machine Translation Toolkit ]<br /> * [http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/CorpusToolbox/ The IMS Corpus Toolbox Webpage ]<br /> * [http://jazzy.sourceforge.net/ The Java Open Source Spell Checker ]<br /> * [http://www.findingnames.net/ The Naming Company ]<br /> * [http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~thorsten/tnt/ TnT -- Statistical Part-of-Speech Tagging ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.columbia.edu/nlp/tools.html Tools developed at Columbia University (FUF, Surge, Crep, Segmenter, Verber, Xtract) ]<br /> * [http://stp.ling.uu.se/cgi-bin/joerg/Uplug Uplug ]<br /> * [http://wordlist.sourceforge.net/varcon-readme VarCon (Variant Conversion Info) ]<br /> * [http://www.edict.com.hk/concordance/ Virtual Language Centre's Web Concordancer ]<br /> * [http://www.textanalysis.com/help/help.htm Visual Text - reference documentation ]<br /> * [http://www.textanalysis.com/ VisualText ]<br /> * [http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/wsdshell.html WSD Shell ]<br /> * [http://webglimpse.net/ Webglimpse ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/dist/WordNet-SenseRelate Word-Net SenseRelate ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/dist/WordNet-Similarity Word-Net Similarity ]<br /> * [http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/similarity.html WordNet-Similarity PERL Module ]<br /> * [http://sourceforge.net/projects/wordfreak Wordfreak ]<br /> * [http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ Wordnet ]<br /> * [http://www.xml-ces.org/ XCES: Corpus Encoding Standard for XML ]<br /> * [http://www.norvig.com/paip/grammar.lisp a simple grammar of English ]<br /> * [http://www.clres.com/WordNet.html alphabetic version of WordNet 2.0 ]<br /> * [http://www.kbsim.com/ifind.html iFind KBSim.com - Knowledge-Based Simulations, Inc. ]<br /> * [http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/andyr/software/jTokeniser/ jTokeniser ]<br /> * [http://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0109&amp;L=corpora&amp;P=R729 list of POS taggers ]<br /> * [http://wall.jussieu.fr/dyn/Context2 perl concordancer ]<br /> * [http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~lenzo/t2p/ t2p: Text-to-Phoneme Converter Builder ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/amos.html AMOS (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/ample.html AMPLE (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/form_reduction.html Base form reduction and search form production (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~brill/RBT1_14.tar.Z Brill Tagger (Supervised, Trainable) ]<br /> * [http://delphesintl.com/ Delphes Technologies International, natural language processing. ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/disambiguator.html Dissambiguator Generator (DG) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.univ-nancy2.fr/pers/namer/Telecharger_Flemm.html FLEMMV31 - Inflectional morphology parser for French ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/gertwol.html GERTWOL(TM) German Morphological Analyzer (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://services.canoo.com/MorphologyBrowser.html German Morphology Browser ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~erelsgl/bxi/hmntx/teud.html Hebrew Morphological Parser ]<br /> * [http://nlp.postech.ac.kr/DownLoad/k_api.html Korean morphological analyzer and part-of-speech tagger ]<br /> * [http://bach.arts.kuleuven.ac.be/~piet/morlex/index.html MORLEX - A lexical database for French ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/morphix.html MORPHIX-3 (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/magic.html Magic (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://sslmitdev-online.sslmit.unibo.it/linguistics/morph-it.php Morph-It! version 0.31 ]<br /> * [http://www.cis.hut.fi/morphochallenge2005/ MorphoChallenge ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/morphy.html Morphy 1.3 (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/nauda-x.html NAUDA generation component (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/pckim21.html PC--KIMMO (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/gramotron/SOFTWARE/SFST.html Stuttgart Finite State Transducer Tools ]<br /> * [http://www.cic.ipn.mx/~sidorov/rmorph/ System for Automatic Morphological analysis of Russian ]<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/tag-gen-x.html TAG--GEN (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/trans-speech-tagger.html Transformation-Based Part of Speech Tagger (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/wordnet.html WordNet (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/x2morf.html X2MORF (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/alfr21.html AL FRESCO Interactive System (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/ale.html ALE -- Attribute Logic Engine (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/alep-x.html ALEP (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/alvey4.html Alvey Natural Language Tools (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/bim2.html BIM LOQUI (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/cat2.html CAT2 (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/cfs.html Context Feature Structure System (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/elu.html ELU (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/evar_ernest.html EVAR, ERNEST (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/expmtsys.html Experimental machine translation system (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/gilena.html GILENA: A Natural-Language Interfaces Generator (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/geta_run.html Geta-run (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/interbase.html InterBASE (at the DFKI NLP archive) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/jape.html JAPE (Joke Analysis and Production Engine) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/komet.html KOMET (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/logos.html Logos Translation Software and LogosClient (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/nlbuild.html NL Builder 5.0 (TM) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/nugget.html NUGGET (R) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/natural_language.html Natural Language (TM) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://bach.arts.kuleuven.ac.be/~piet/fr_nlp.html Natural Language Processing for French ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/paktus31.html PAKTUS (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/parlance.html PARLANCE / Learner (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/penman1.html PENMAN (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/plain.html PLAIN+ (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/popel.html POPEL (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/profglot.html PROFGLOT (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/pangloss.html Pangloss (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/pulavan.html Pulavan (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/pundit21.html Pundit (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/qpatr.html QPATR (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/scisor21.html SCISOR / NLToolset (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/snoop.html SNOOP (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/sneps21.html SNePS (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/sundial.html SUNDIAL (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/TIGER/TIGERSearch/ TIGERSearch - tools for linguistic text exploration ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/tamil-tagger.html Tamil Part-of-speech tagger (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/wordfan.html WordFan Conjugation (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/xtra.html XTRA (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/yakr.html YAKR (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.translation.net/arabsoft.html Arabic Translation Software ]<br /> * [http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/ispell-dictionaries.html Dictionaries for International Ispell ]<br /> * [http://www.lpl.univ-aix.fr/projects/multext/MtRecode/ MtRecode - Character conversion program ]<br /> * [http://www.lpl.univ-aix.fr/projects/multext/MtScript/ MtScript - The Multext multi-lingual text editor ]<br /> * [http://www.lpl.univ-aix.fr/projects/multext/MtStr/ MtStr - Multilingual string library ]<br /> * [http://www.knowledge.co.uk/xxx/ Multilingual PC software ]<br /> * [http://www.scitechint.com/slp Resource for high-quality tools supporting multi-lingual communication ]<br /> * [http://let.dfki.uni-sb.de/~heinz/liste.php3 list of systems in multiple languages ]<br /> * [http://mypage.siu.edu/lhartman/ Phono- Sound Change Model Software ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/sem_and_prag/alvey4-x.html Alvey Natural Language Tools (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/sem_and_prag/cfs-x.html Context Feature Structure System (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.intellexer.com/ Intellexer - Natural Language Searching Technologies ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/sem_and_prag/modalys.html MODALYS (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/sem_and_prag/nll.html NLL (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.clres.com/prepositions.html Preposition Project ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/sem_and_prag/slg-x.html SLG (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://senseclusters.sourceforge.net/ SenseClusters ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/sem_and_prag/sysanaphoric.html System for evaluation of anaphoric relations (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/ucrel/usas/ UCREL Semantic Analysis System ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/3r.html 3R -- Recogniser, Recorder,Reproductive Speech (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/sphinx/ CMU Sphinx Group: Open Source Speech Recognition Engines ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/cosima.html COSIMA (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/csl.html CSL -- Computerized Speech Lab (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/csre.html CSRE -- Canadian Speech Research Environment (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/dectalk.html DECtalk (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/esps.html ESPS - Entropic Signal Processing System (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/htk.html HTK - Hidden Markov Model Software Toolkit (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~murphyk/Software/HMM/hmm.html Hidden Markov Model (HMM) Toolbox for Matlab ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/lotec.html Lotec (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://microsoft.com/iit/ Microsoft Speech API ]<br /> * [http://nextens.uvt.nl/ NeXTeNS - Dutch Extension for Text to Speech ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/ogi.html OGI Speech Tools (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://bach.arts.kuleuven.ac.be/pmertens/prosogram/ Prosogram ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/recnet.html RECNET (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/sig31.html Signalyze(TM) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/speech_cookbook.html The speech processing cookbook (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://ilk.uvt.nl/g2p-www-demo.html TreeTalk: Memory - Based Grapheme - Phoneme Conversion Demo ]<br /> * [http://download.com.com/3000-2130-10277576.html?tag=lst-0-1 Verbot preview 4.0 ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/waves+.html Waves+ (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/amalgam/amalgam/amalghome.htm AMALGAM project ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/avparser.html AV parser (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://lael.pucsp.br/corpora/segmentador/ CEPRIL - Portugese Segmenter ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/cfg.html CFG parser (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/charon.html CHARON (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Lingua-EN-Sentence/ CPAN Lingua EN Sentence Splitter ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Lingua-HE-Sentence/ CPAN Lingua HE Sentence Splitter ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/~tgrose/HTML-Summary-0.017/ CSPAN Sentence Splitter ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/disco_chart.html DISCO chart parser (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/engcg.html ENGCG (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/etl.html ETL parser (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://gate.ac.uk GATE, A General Architecture for Text Engineering ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/gpsg.html GPSG parser (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/gpsg-tools.html GPSG tools (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/gramtsy.html GRAMTSY (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/hdrug.html Hdrug (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.infogistics.com/posdemo.htm Infogistic - NLProcessor Interactive Demo ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/jim3two1.html JIM III (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/jpsg-parser.html JPSG parser and CU-prolog (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/lfg-parser-turkish.html LFG parser for Turkish (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/lkp.html Linguistic Kernel Processor (LKP) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/mch21.html MCHART (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://openccg.sourceforge.net/ OpenCCG ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/papp.html PAPPI (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/paula.html PAULA (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/pc-translator.html PC-Translator (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/pleuk.html PLEUK (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/playmobild.html PlayMoBild (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/slg.html SLG (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> * [http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~thorsten/tnt/ Saarland University, Computational Linguistics ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/syntactica.html Syntactica (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://languagemachine.sourceforge.net The Language Machine ]<br /> * [http://www.ece.ubc.ca/~donaldd/treeform.htm TreeForm Syntax Tree Drawing Software ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/ubs.html UBS -- UnifikationsBasierte Sprache (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://bach.arts.kuleuven.ac.be/~piet/vertex/index.html VERTEX - A chart parser for unification grammars (French) ]<br /> * [http://visl.hum.sdu.dk/visl/ VISL - Visual Interactive Syntax Learning ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/xerox.html Xerox Part-of-Speech Tagger (XPOST) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/zebu.html Zebu (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.andy-roberts.net/software/jTokeniser jTokeniser ]<br /> * [http://korpus.pl/index.php?page=poliqarp Poliqarp] - open source XML-aware indexer, search engine and concordancer<br /> <br /> [[Category:Software]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Uncategorized_tools&diff=9481 2012-06-25T10:28:15Z

<p>Creek: </p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div class=&quot;usermessage&quot;&gt;<br /> * Please ''do not add anything new to this list''; we would like to eventually eliminate this list.<br /> * Please help us by moving links into categories; add new categories to [[Tools and Software]] if needed.<br /> * Please add new items to the [[List of resources by language]] where appropriate.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://www.answerbus.com/index.shtml Answerbus -- Automatic Language Detection Software ]<br /> * [http://homepage.mac.com/bncweb/home.html BNCweb: A Web-Based Interface to the British National Corpus ]<br /> * [http://lingo.stanford.edu/ CSLI LinGO Lab (Stanford) ]<br /> * [http://nlg18.csie.ntu.edu.tw:8080/opinion/index.html Chinese sentiment dictionary NTUSD ]<br /> * [http://www.athel.com/colloc.html Collocate ]<br /> * [http://www.lsi.upc.es/~nlp/freeling/ FreeLing 1.1 ]<br /> * [http://www.webir.org/resources.html IR and IE on the web ]<br /> * [https://sourceforge.net/projects/jwordnet/ JWNL (Java WordNet Library) ]<br /> * [http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~qiul/NLPTools/JavaRAP.html JavaRAP ]<br /> * [http://xlex.uni-muenster.de/ MTP Xlex/www ]<br /> * [http://www.langsoft.ch Natural Language Processing software ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/draft.html Natural Language Software Registry (at DFKI) ]<br /> * [http://www.nzdl.org/ELKB/ Roget's Thesaurus as an Electronic Lexical Knowledge Base ]<br /> * [http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/tact/ Text Analysis Computing Tools (TACT) ]<br /> * [http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/TextCat/ TextCat ]<br /> * [http://igm.univ-mlv.fr/~unitex/ Unitex ]<br /> * [http://webdeptos.uma.es/filifa/personal/amoreno/indexer/ BNC Indexer ]<br /> * [http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/code.html Bigram Statistics Package ]<br /> * [http://www.brainhat.com/ Brainhat Natural Language Processing ]<br /> * [http://www.bultreebank.org/clark CLaRK System ]<br /> * [http://www.chilibot.net/ Chilibot: NLP based miner for gene/protein/keyword relationships ]<br /> * [http://www.dtreg.com DTREG 2.0 decision trees with TreeBoost ]<br /> * [http://delphesintl.com/ Delphes Technologies International ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/est21.html ESTEAM (ESPRIT 316) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/howtopc.html How to Use IT (MS-DOS) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/howtomac.html How to Use IT (Mac) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/hyphenation.html Hyphenation and Spell-checking (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/ila2.html ILA multilingual toolkit (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/korek21.html KOREKTOR 2.0 (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.xs4all.nl/~bsarempt/linguistics/index.html KURA 1.0 ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/orfo21.html ORFO (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://openddpt.sourceforge.net/links/links.php OpenDiscreteDynamicProgrammingTemplate ]<br /> * [http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/futrelle/bionlp/commercial/opus.html Opus, a commercial biology text mining system ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/parser.html Parser (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://sourceforge.net/projects/pytalk/ Project: Pytalk ]<br /> * [http://www.wagsoft.com/RSTTool/ Release of RSTTool: RSTTool 2.7 ]<br /> * [http://www.softissimo.com/ SOFTISSIMO ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/stamp.html STAMP (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/stem31.html STEMMA (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/corplex/TreeTagger/DecisionTreeTagger.html TreeTagger ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/wordsurv.html WORDSURV (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/data_sets/form_reduction-x.html Base form reduction and search form production (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/data_sets/beep.html British English Example Pronunciations (BEEP) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/data_sets/engcg-x.html ENGCG (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/data_sets/fjgh.html FJGH--grammar (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/data_sets/magic-x.html Magic (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/data_sets/pckim21_turk.html PC--KIMMO definition files for turkish morphology (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://attavik.ca/en_index.html Attavik.net ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/formalisms/cuf.html CUF (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/formalisms/gulp.html GULP -- Graph Unification Logic Programming (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/formalisms/tfs.html TFS (Typed Feature Structure) system (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/formalisms/tug-x.html TUG (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/formalisms/ubs-x.html UBS (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/alfr21-x.html AL FRESCO Interactive System (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/cat2-x.html CAT2(at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/charon-x.html CHARON (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/dectalk-x.html DECtalk (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/elu-x.html ELU (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/fuf.html FUF and SURGE (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/gpsgtools-x.html GPSG--tools (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.stir.ac.uk/english/communication/Computational-tools KPML ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/lkp-x.html Linguistic Kernel Processor (LKP) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/nauda.html NAUDA generation component (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/playmobild-x.html PlayMoBild (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/stem31-x.html STEMMA (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/tag-gen.html TAG--GEN (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/techdoc.html TECHDOC (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.isi.edu/licensed-sw/halogen/index.html The HALogen Natural Language Generation system ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/ubs-x.html UBS -- UnifikationsBasierte Sprache (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://kwicfinder.com/kfNgram/kfNgramHelp.html kfNgram ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/generation/sprachmodell.html konnektionistisches Sprachproduktionsmodell (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.linguateca.pt/corpografo/ Corpografo 2 ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/knowledge/kris.html KRIS -- Knowledge Representation and Inference System (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/knowledge/qdatr.html QDATR (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/knowledge/rhet21.html RHET (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/knowledge/tempos.html TEMPOS (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.conceptnet.org The ConceptNet Project V2.1 ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/knowledge/tdl.html Type description language (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.linguistlist.org/issues/13/13-1916.html VisualText / NLP++ ]<br /> * [http://www.lsi.upc.edu/%7Enlp/IQMT/ IQMT Framework for MT Evaluation ]<br /> * [http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/people/germann/software/ReWrite-Decoder/index.html ISI rewrite decoder ]<br /> * [http://www.scitechint.com/slp Resource for professional-quality language translation tools. ]<br /> * [http://www.travlang.com/Ergane/ The World of MultiLingual Parallel Concordancing ]<br /> * [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Projects/ACE/Tools/ Automatic Content Extraction (ACE): Annotation Tools ]<br /> * [http://sourceforge.net/projects/acopost/ ACOPOST ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/alep.html ALEP (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.lsi.upc.es/~lambert/software/AlignmentSet.html Alignment Set Toolkit ]<br /> * [http://acdc.linguateca.pt/example_alignment.html Alignment of bilingual corpora performed with EasyAlign ]<br /> * [http://lucene.apache.org/java/docs/ Apache Lucene ]<br /> * [http://www.arabeyes.org/ Arabeyes Project ]<br /> * [http://members.aol.com/gnhbos/ocr.htm Aramedia ]<br /> * [http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~jimmylin/downloads/index.html Aranea Question Answering System ]<br /> * [http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/~jo/interarbora/ Arbora Tree Delivery Service ]<br /> * [http://misshoover.si.umich.edu/~zzheng/sentence/ Automatic English Sentence Segmentation ]<br /> * [http://www.clg.wlv.ac.uk/projects/CAST/demos.php Automatic Summarization Demos ]<br /> * [http://www.r.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~nakagawa/resource/termext/atr-e.html Automatic Term Extraction System ]<br /> * [http://lael.pucsp.br/corpora/ Bancos de dados e Ferramentas de an\`alise ]<br /> * [http://www.ai.mit.edu/~murphyk/Software/BNT/bnt.html Bayes Net Toolbox for Matlab ]<br /> * [http://bndev.sourceforge.net/ Bayesian Network tools in Java (BNJ) ]<br /> * [http://sslmit.unibo.it/~baroni/bootcat.html BootCaT: Simple Utilities to Bootstrap Corpora and Terms from the Web ]<br /> * [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/CatalogEntry.jsp?catalogId=LDC2005T13 CCGBank ]<br /> * [http://lael.pucsp.br/corpora/alinhador/ CEPRIL aligner ]<br /> * [http://www.bultreebank.org/clark/index.html CLaRK System ]<br /> * [http://dlt4.mit.edu/~dr/COALS/ COALS: Correlated Occurrence Analogue to Lexical Semantics ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/compulexis2.html COMPULEXIS (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/dist/SuffixTree/ CPAN Suffix Tree Module ]<br /> * [http://callisto.mitre.org/ Callisto Annotation Tool ]<br /> * [http://pie.usna.edu/explorec.html Chargrams Database from British National Corpus ]<br /> * [http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/iiip/doc/cl-http/home-page.html Common Lisp Hypermedia Server ]<br /> * [http://www.cpan.org/ Comprehensive Perl Archive Network ]<br /> * [http://clg.wlv.ac.uk/projects/CAST/ Computer Aided Summarisation Tool (CAST) ]<br /> * [http://infomap.stanford.edu/webdemo Concept Search Engine Information Mapping Demo (Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University) ]<br /> * [https://sourceforge.net/projects/concollate/ Concollate ]<br /> * [http://www.conexor.fi/analysers.html Conexor analysers ]<br /> * [http://borel.slu.edu/crubadan/ Corpus building for minority languages ]<br /> * [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/english-usage/diachronic/index.htm Creating a Parsed and Searchable Diachronic Corpus of Present-Day Spoken English ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/dcgworkbench.html DCG workbench (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/dito.html DITO -- DIagnostic TOol for german syntax (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~dbikel/software.html Dan Bikel's Java WordNet Library ]<br /> * [http://www.dataharmony.com/ Data Harmony, Document Management Software ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~lindek/demos.htm Demos, University of Alberta, Canada ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/dimap.html Dictionary Maintenance Programs (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/dict21.html Dictionary Maintenance Utilities (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://fuzzy.cs.uni-magdeburg.de/~borgelt/dtree.html Dtree - Decision and Regression Tree Induction ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/egg.html EGG -- editor for GPS-grammars (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.foreignword.com/dictionary/truespel/transpel.htm English-Truespel (USA Accent) Text Conversion Tool ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~brill/ Eric Brill's Part of Speech Tagger ]<br /> * [http://grid.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/Fsa/fsa.html FSA6.2xx: Finite State Automata Utilities ]<br /> * [http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/Fsa/Manual/node1.html Finite State Automata Utilities v6 ]<br /> * [http://www.jaist.ac.jp/~hieuxuan/flexcrfs/flexcrfs.html FlexCRFs: Flexible Conditional Random Fields ]<br /> * [http://garraf.epsevg.upc.es/freeling/ FreeLing 1.2 ]<br /> * [http://gate.ac.uk/ GATE (General Architecture for Text Engineering) ]<br /> * [http://www-tsujii.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/GENIA/postagger/ GENIA PoS Tagger ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/glotto.html GLOTTO (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/gtu.html GTU -- Grammatik-Test-Umgebung (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/ws2005/groups/statistical/GenPar.html GenPar Toolkit for Generalized Parsing ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/grammar_workbench.html Grammar Workbench (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.parc.xerox.com/istl/groups/nltt/medley/ Grammar Writer's Workbench for Lexical Functional Grammar ]<br /> * [http://htk.eng.cam.ac.uk Hidden Markov Model Toolkit ]<br /> * [http://www.ida.liu.se/~nlplab/ILink/ I*Link ]<br /> * [http://www.isi.edu/~marcu/software.html ISI's version of the RSTTool ]<br /> * [http://www.infogistics.com/posdemo.htm Infogistics: NLProcessor Interactive Demo ]<br /> * [http://sourceforge.net/projects/jwordnet/ JWNL (Java WordNet Library) ]<br /> * [http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~javabayes/Home/ JavaBayes - version 0.346 ]<br /> * [http://miniappolis.com/KWiCFinder/KWiCFinderHome.html KWiCFinder ]<br /> * [http://sslmit.unibo.it/%7ebaroni/welcome_to_knorpora.html Knorpora 1.0 ]<br /> * [http://www.kwicfinder.com/KWiCFinder.html Kwicfinder ]<br /> * [http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/libsvm/ LIBSVM: A Library for Support Vector Machines ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/linguist.html LINGUIST (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/TextCat/competitors.html Language Identification Tools ]<br /> * [http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~lemur/download.html Lemur Toolkit Download ]<br /> * [http://www.lemurproject.org/ Lemur Toolkit Website ]<br /> * [http://www.leximancer.com/ Leximancer ]<br /> * [http://www.alias-i.com/lingpipe/ LingPipe ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/~lgoddard/Lingua-Syllable-0.03/Syllable.pm Lingua-Syllable ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/lingdat2.html Linguistic DataBase (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/llwizard.html Log-likelihood calculator ]<br /> * [http://mmax.eml-research.de MMAX Annotation Tool ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/monkey.html MONKEY (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.lexically.net/wordsmith/version4/index.htm Mike Scott's Web - Wordsmith Tools ]<br /> * [http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/research/ilash/Moby/ Moby Database ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/author/SHLOMOY/Lingua-EN-Sentence-0.25/lib/Lingua/EN/Sentence.pm Module for splitting text into sentences ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~aiken/moss.html Moss: A System for Detecting Software Plagiarism ]<br /> * [http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/ws2005/groups/statistical/mtv.html Multitree Viewer (MTV) ]<br /> * [http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/NITE/ NITE XML Toolkit ]<br /> * [http://nltk.sourceforge.net NLTK - Natural Language Toolkit ]<br /> * [http://crl.nmsu.edu/Tools/Software/ NMSU Natural Language Processing Tools ]<br /> * [http://www.natlantech.com/lingbench_ide.html Natlanco ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~brill/code.html Natural Language Processing Systems ]<br /> * [http://www.oriel.org/homonym.htm ORIEL -- Online Research Information Environment for the Life Sciences ]<br /> * [http://annotation.semanticweb.org/ontomat/index.html Ontomat Homepage ]<br /> * [http://teach-computers.org/word-expert.html Open Mind ]<br /> * [http://davinci.cs.ucdavis.edu/ OpenRCT Home ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/p-tra.html P--TRA (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://clg.wlv.ac.uk/projects/PALinkA/ PALinkA: A Resource Annotation Tool ]<br /> * [http://www.sil.org/ PC-KIMMO, Englex, PC-PATR, and PC-PARSE ]<br /> * [http://www.bluem.net/downloads/pdftotext_en/ PDF to Text ]<br /> * [http://www.ai.mit.edu/~jrennie/WordNet/ Perl interface to WordNet ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/phono.html Phono (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.tartarus.org/~martin/PorterStemmer/index.html Porter Stemming Algorithm ]<br /> * [http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/info/perso/permanents/enguehard/recherche/CoRRecT/CoRRecT_gb.htm Project CoRRecT: Reference Corpus for the Recognition of Terms ]<br /> * [http://protege.stanford.edu/ Protege Project ]<br /> * [http://www.lingsoft.fi/cgi-pub/engcg Publically available POS tagger ]<br /> * [http://www.openchannelsoftware.org/projects/Qanda Qanda: Open source question answering system ]<br /> * [http://corpus.leeds.ac.uk/query-zh.html Query to Chinese Corpora ]<br /> * [http://www-rali.iro.umontreal.ca/Reacc/ R&amp;eacute;acc - reaccenting software ]<br /> * [http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~rpnlpir/daemonCollins/ README for the daemonized version of Collins' Parser ]<br /> * [http://www.reitter-it-media.de/compling/index.html RST LaTeX (Reitter IT and Media) ]<br /> * [http://www.research-lab.com/ Research-lab.com ]<br /> * [http://hacks.oreilly.com/pub/h/1011 Robot Karaoke ]<br /> * [http://herzberg.ca.sandia.gov/jess/index.shtml Rule Engine for the Java Platform ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/semblex.html SEMBLEX (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://start.csail.mit.edu/ START Natural Language Question Answering System ]<br /> * [http://www.lsi.upc.edu/%7Enlp/SVMTool/ SVMTool ]<br /> * [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/resources/selprefs Selectional Preferences Extracted from Semcor for WordNet 1.6 Synsets (v 1.0) ]<br /> * [http://ilk.uvt.nl/~sabine/chunklink/ Software - The chunklink script, by Sabine Buchholz ]<br /> * [http://www-a2k.is.tokushima-u.ac.jp/member/kita/NLP/nlp_tools.html Software Tools for NLP ]<br /> * [http://people.csail.mit.edu/people/mcollins/code.html Software and Data Sets for Collins Natural Language Parser ]<br /> * [http://www-nlp.stanford.edu/software/lex-parser.shtml Stanford Parser ]<br /> * [http://swesum.nada.kth.se/index-eng.html SweSum - Automatic Text Summarizer (with PRM) ]<br /> * [http://www.cic.ipn.mx/~sidorov/agme/ System for Automatic Morphological Analysis of Spanish ]<br /> * [http://www.wagsoft.com/Coder/ Systemic Coder -- a Text Markup Tool (Version 4.5) ]<br /> * [http://timex2.mitre.org/taggers/timex2_taggers.html TIMEX2 Taggers ]<br /> * [http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/parallel.html Ted Pedersen - Tools for Parallel Text ]<br /> * [http://lsi.research.telcordia.com/ Telcordia Latent Semantic Indexing Demo Machine ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/nlp_tools/term.html Term Rewrite System for non-confluent TRS's (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.tei-c.org/Software/index.html Text Encoding Initiative --Tools ]<br /> * [http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/research/ucrel/claws/tagservice.html The CLAWS tagging service ]<br /> * [http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/ws99/projects/mt/toolkit/ The EGYPT Statistical Machine Translation Toolkit ]<br /> * [http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/CorpusToolbox/ The IMS Corpus Toolbox Webpage ]<br /> * [http://jazzy.sourceforge.net/ The Java Open Source Spell Checker ]<br /> * [http://www.findingnames.net/ The Naming Company ]<br /> * [http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~thorsten/tnt/ TnT -- Statistical Part-of-Speech Tagging ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.columbia.edu/nlp/tools.html Tools developed at Columbia University (FUF, Surge, Crep, Segmenter, Verber, Xtract) ]<br /> * [http://stp.ling.uu.se/cgi-bin/joerg/Uplug Uplug ]<br /> * [http://wordlist.sourceforge.net/varcon-readme VarCon (Variant Conversion Info) ]<br /> * [http://www.edict.com.hk/concordance/ Virtual Language Centre's Web Concordancer ]<br /> * [http://www.textanalysis.com/help/help.htm Visual Text - reference documentation ]<br /> * [http://www.textanalysis.com/ VisualText ]<br /> * [http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/wsdshell.html WSD Shell ]<br /> * [http://webglimpse.net/ Webglimpse ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/dist/WordNet-SenseRelate Word-Net SenseRelate ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/dist/WordNet-Similarity Word-Net Similarity ]<br /> * [http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/similarity.html WordNet-Similarity PERL Module ]<br /> * [http://sourceforge.net/projects/wordfreak Wordfreak ]<br /> * [http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ Wordnet ]<br /> * [http://www.xml-ces.org/ XCES: Corpus Encoding Standard for XML ]<br /> * [http://www.norvig.com/paip/grammar.lisp a simple grammar of English ]<br /> * [http://www.clres.com/WordNet.html alphabetic version of WordNet 2.0 ]<br /> * [http://www.kbsim.com/ifind.html iFind KBSim.com - Knowledge-Based Simulations, Inc. ]<br /> * [http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/andyr/software/jTokeniser/ jTokeniser ]<br /> * [http://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0109&amp;L=corpora&amp;P=R729 list of POS taggers ]<br /> * [http://wall.jussieu.fr/dyn/Context2 perl concordancer ]<br /> * [http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~lenzo/t2p/ t2p: Text-to-Phoneme Converter Builder ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/amos.html AMOS (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/ample.html AMPLE (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/form_reduction.html Base form reduction and search form production (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~brill/RBT1_14.tar.Z Brill Tagger (Supervised, Trainable) ]<br /> * [http://delphesintl.com/ Delphes Technologies International, natural language processing. ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/disambiguator.html Dissambiguator Generator (DG) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.univ-nancy2.fr/pers/namer/Telecharger_Flemm.html FLEMMV31 - Inflectional morphology parser for French ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/gertwol.html GERTWOL(TM) German Morphological Analyzer (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://services.canoo.com/MorphologyBrowser.html German Morphology Browser ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~erelsgl/bxi/hmntx/teud.html Hebrew Morphological Parser ]<br /> * [http://nlp.postech.ac.kr/DownLoad/k_api.html Korean morphological analyzer and part-of-speech tagger ]<br /> * [http://bach.arts.kuleuven.ac.be/~piet/morlex/index.html MORLEX - A lexical database for French ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/morphix.html MORPHIX-3 (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/magic.html Magic (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://sslmitdev-online.sslmit.unibo.it/linguistics/morph-it.php Morph-It! version 0.31 ]<br /> * [http://www.cis.hut.fi/morphochallenge2005/ MorphoChallenge ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/morphy.html Morphy 1.3 (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/nauda-x.html NAUDA generation component (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/pckim21.html PC--KIMMO (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/gramotron/SOFTWARE/SFST.html Stuttgart Finite State Transducer Tools ]<br /> * [http://www.cic.ipn.mx/~sidorov/rmorph/ System for Automatic Morphological analysis of Russian ]<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/tag-gen-x.html TAG--GEN (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/trans-speech-tagger.html Transformation-Based Part of Speech Tagger (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/wordnet.html WordNet (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/morphan/x2morf.html X2MORF (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/alfr21.html AL FRESCO Interactive System (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/ale.html ALE -- Attribute Logic Engine (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/alep-x.html ALEP (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/alvey4.html Alvey Natural Language Tools (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/bim2.html BIM LOQUI (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/cat2.html CAT2 (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/cfs.html Context Feature Structure System (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/elu.html ELU (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/evar_ernest.html EVAR, ERNEST (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/expmtsys.html Experimental machine translation system (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/gilena.html GILENA: A Natural-Language Interfaces Generator (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/geta_run.html Geta-run (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/interbase.html InterBASE (at the DFKI NLP archive) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/jape.html JAPE (Joke Analysis and Production Engine) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/komet.html KOMET (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/logos.html Logos Translation Software and LogosClient (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/nlbuild.html NL Builder 5.0 (TM) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/nugget.html NUGGET (R) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/natural_language.html Natural Language (TM) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://bach.arts.kuleuven.ac.be/~piet/fr_nlp.html Natural Language Processing for French ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/paktus31.html PAKTUS (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/parlance.html PARLANCE / Learner (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/penman1.html PENMAN (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/plain.html PLAIN+ (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/popel.html POPEL (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/profglot.html PROFGLOT (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/pangloss.html Pangloss (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/pulavan.html Pulavan (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/pundit21.html Pundit (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/qpatr.html QPATR (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/scisor21.html SCISOR / NLToolset (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/snoop.html SNOOP (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/sneps21.html SNePS (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/sundial.html SUNDIAL (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/TIGER/TIGERSearch/ TIGERSearch - tools for linguistic text exploration ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/tamil-tagger.html Tamil Part-of-speech tagger (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/wordfan.html WordFan Conjugation (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/xtra.html XTRA (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/multi/yakr.html YAKR (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.translation.net/arabsoft.html Arabic Translation Software ]<br /> * [http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/ispell-dictionaries.html Dictionaries for International Ispell ]<br /> * [http://www.lpl.univ-aix.fr/projects/multext/MtRecode/ MtRecode - Character conversion program ]<br /> * [http://www.lpl.univ-aix.fr/projects/multext/MtScript/ MtScript - The Multext multi-lingual text editor ]<br /> * [http://www.lpl.univ-aix.fr/projects/multext/MtStr/ MtStr - Multilingual string library ]<br /> * [http://www.knowledge.co.uk/xxx/ Multilingual PC software ]<br /> * [http://www.scitechint.com/slp Resource for high-quality tools supporting multi-lingual communication ]<br /> * [http://let.dfki.uni-sb.de/~heinz/liste.php3 list of systems in multiple languages ]<br /> * [http://mypage.siu.edu/lhartman/ Phono- Sound Change Model Software ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/sem_and_prag/alvey4-x.html Alvey Natural Language Tools (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/sem_and_prag/cfs-x.html Context Feature Structure System (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.intellexer.com/ Intellexer - Natural Language Searching Technologies ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/sem_and_prag/modalys.html MODALYS (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/sem_and_prag/nll.html NLL (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.clres.com/prepositions.html Preposition Project ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/sem_and_prag/slg-x.html SLG (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://senseclusters.sourceforge.net/ SenseClusters ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/sem_and_prag/sysanaphoric.html System for evaluation of anaphoric relations (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/ucrel/usas/ UCREL Semantic Analysis System ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/3r.html 3R -- Recogniser, Recorder,Reproductive Speech (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/sphinx/ CMU Sphinx Group: Open Source Speech Recognition Engines ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/cosima.html COSIMA (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/csl.html CSL -- Computerized Speech Lab (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/csre.html CSRE -- Canadian Speech Research Environment (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/dectalk.html DECtalk (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/esps.html ESPS - Entropic Signal Processing System (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/htk.html HTK - Hidden Markov Model Software Toolkit (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~murphyk/Software/HMM/hmm.html Hidden Markov Model (HMM) Toolbox for Matlab ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/lotec.html Lotec (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://microsoft.com/iit/ Microsoft Speech API ]<br /> * [http://nextens.uvt.nl/ NeXTeNS - Dutch Extension for Text to Speech ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/ogi.html OGI Speech Tools (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://bach.arts.kuleuven.ac.be/pmertens/prosogram/ Prosogram ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/recnet.html RECNET (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/sig31.html Signalyze(TM) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/speech_cookbook.html The speech processing cookbook (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://ilk.uvt.nl/g2p-www-demo.html TreeTalk: Memory - Based Grapheme - Phoneme Conversion Demo ]<br /> * [http://download.com.com/3000-2130-10277576.html?tag=lst-0-1 Verbot preview 4.0 ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/speech/waves+.html Waves+ (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/amalgam/amalgam/amalghome.htm AMALGAM project ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/avparser.html AV parser (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://lael.pucsp.br/corpora/segmentador/ CEPRIL - Portugese Segmenter ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/cfg.html CFG parser (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/charon.html CHARON (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Lingua-EN-Sentence/ CPAN Lingua EN Sentence Splitter ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Lingua-HE-Sentence/ CPAN Lingua HE Sentence Splitter ]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/~tgrose/HTML-Summary-0.017/ CSPAN Sentence Splitter ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/disco_chart.html DISCO chart parser (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/engcg.html ENGCG (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/etl.html ETL parser (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://gate.ac.uk GATE, A General Architecture for Text Engineering ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/gpsg.html GPSG parser (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/gpsg-tools.html GPSG tools (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/gramtsy.html GRAMTSY (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/hdrug.html Hdrug (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.infogistics.com/posdemo.htm Infogistic - NLProcessor Interactive Demo ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/jim3two1.html JIM III (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/jpsg-parser.html JPSG parser and CU-prolog (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/lfg-parser-turkish.html LFG parser for Turkish (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/lkp.html Linguistic Kernel Processor (LKP) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/mch21.html MCHART (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://openccg.sourceforge.net/ OpenCCG ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/papp.html PAPPI (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/paula.html PAULA (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/pc-translator.html PC-Translator (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/pleuk.html PLEUK (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/playmobild.html PlayMoBild (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/slg.html SLG (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~thorsten/tnt/ Saarland University, Computational Linguistics ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/syntactica.html Syntactica (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://languagemachine.sourceforge.net The Language Machine ]<br /> * [http://www.ece.ubc.ca/~donaldd/treeform.htm TreeForm Syntax Tree Drawing Software ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/ubs.html UBS -- UnifikationsBasierte Sprache (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://bach.arts.kuleuven.ac.be/~piet/vertex/index.html VERTEX - A chart parser for unification grammars (French) ]<br /> * [http://visl.hum.sdu.dk/visl/ VISL - Visual Interactive Syntax Learning ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/xerox.html Xerox Part-of-Speech Tagger (XPOST) (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/parsers/zebu.html Zebu (at the DFKI NLP archive) ]<br /> * [http://www.andy-roberts.net/software/jTokeniser jTokeniser ]<br /> * [http://korpus.pl/index.php?page=poliqarp Poliqarp] - open source XML-aware indexer, search engine and concordancer<br /> <br /> [[Category:Software]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Uncategorized_software&diff=9480 2012-06-25T10:25:16Z

<p>Creek: /* Tools */</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div class=&quot;usermessage&quot;&gt;<br /> * Please ''do not add anything new to this list''; we would like to eventually eliminate this list.<br /> * Please help us by moving links into categories; add new categories to [[Tools and Software]] if needed.<br /> * Please add new items to the [[List of resources by language]] where appropriate.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ==[[Software]] - Uncategorized and miscellaneous==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/areas/nlp/bookcode/allen/0.html Code from James Allen's &quot;Natural Language Understanding&quot; (code at CMU)]<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/areas/nlp/bookcode/nlp_pp/0.html Code from Michael Covington's &quot;NLP for Prolog Programmers&quot; (code at CMU)]<br /> *[http://www.dtreg.com/ DTREG decision tree generator]<br /> *[http://homepage.mac.com/bncweb/home.html BNCweb: A Web-Based Interface to the British National Corpus] <br /> *[http://nlg18.csie.ntu.edu.tw:8080/opinion/index.html Chinese sentiment dictionary NTUSD] <br /> *[http://www.athel.com/colloc.html Collocate] <br /> *[http://lingo.stanford.edu/ CSLI LinGO Lab (Stanford)] <br /> *[http://www.lsi.upc.es/~nlp/freeling/ FreeLing 1.1] <br /> *[http://www.webir.org/resources.html IR and IE on the web] <br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~qiul/NLPTools/JavaRAP.html JavaRAP] <br /> *[https://sourceforge.net/projects/jwordnet/ JWNL (Java WordNet Library)] <br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/software/JWPL/ JWPL (Java Wikipedia Library)] <br /> *[http://www.linguastream.org LinguaStream]<br /> *[http://xlex.uni-muenster.de/ MTP Xlex/www] <br /> *[http://www.langsoft.ch Natural Language Processing software] <br /> *http://opennlp.sf.net OpenNLP]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~francois/personality/recognizer.html Personality Recognizer from Text]<br /> *[http://www.nzdl.org/ELKB/ Roget's Thesaurus as an Electronic Lexical Knowledge Base] <br /> *[http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/tact/ Text Analysis Computing Tools (TACT)] <br /> *[http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/TextCat/ TextCat] <br /> *[http://igm.univ-mlv.fr/~unitex/ Unitex] <br /> *[http://www.mith2.umd.edu/products/ver-mach/ Versioning Machine 2.0]<br /> <br /> ==Applications==<br /> &lt;!-- Please keep this list in alphabetical order --&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> *[http://webdeptos.uma.es/filifa/personal/amoreno/indexer/ BNC Indexer]<br /> *[http://www.brainhat.com/ Brainhat Natural Language Processing]<br /> *[http://www.chilibot.net/ Chilibot: NLP based miner for gene/protein/keyword relationships]<br /> *[http://www.bultreebank.org/clark CLaRK System]<br /> *[http://delphesintl.com/ Delphes Technologies International]<br /> *[http://www.dtreg.com DTREG 2.0 decision trees with TreeBoost]<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/korek21.html KOREKTOR 2.0 (at the DFKI NLP archive)]<br /> *[http://www.xs4all.nl/~bsarempt/linguistics/index.html KURA 1.0]<br /> *[http://ngram.sourceforge.net Ngram Statistics Package], identify collocations<br /> *[http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/futrelle/bionlp/commercial/opus.html Opus, a commercial biology text mining system]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/projects/pytalk/ Project: Pytalk]<br /> *[http://www.wagsoft.com/RSTTool/ Release of RSTTool: RSTTool 2.7]<br /> *[http://senseclusters.sourceforge.net SenseClusters], cluster similar contexts<br /> *[http://www.softissimo.com/ SOFTISSIMO]<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/corplex/TreeTagger/DecisionTreeTagger.html TreeTagger]<br /> <br /> ==Tools==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Projects/ACE/Tools/ Automatic Content Extraction (ACE): Annotation Tools]<br /> *[http://www.norvig.com/paip/grammar.lisp a simple grammar of English]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/projects/acopost/ ACOPOST]<br /> *[http://acdc.linguateca.pt/example_alignment.html Alignment of bilingual corpora performed with EasyAlign]<br /> *[http://www.lsi.upc.es/~lambert/software/AlignmentSet.html Alignment Set Toolkit]<br /> *[http://lucene.apache.org/java/docs/ Apache Lucene]<br /> *[http://www.arabeyes.org/ Arabeyes Project]<br /> *[http://misshoover.si.umich.edu/~zzheng/sentence/ Automatic English Sentence Segmentation]<br /> *[http://www.clg.wlv.ac.uk/projects/CAST/demos.php Automatic Summarization Demos]<br /> *[http://www.r.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~nakagawa/resource/termext/atr-e.html Automatic Term Extraction System]<br /> *[http://lael.pucsp.br/corpora/ Bancos de dados e Ferramentas de an`alise]<br /> *[http://www.ai.mit.edu/~murphyk/Software/BNT/bnt.html Bayes Net Toolbox for Matlab]<br /> *[http://bndev.sourceforge.net/ Bayesian Network tools in Java (BNJ)]<br /> *[http://sslmit.unibo.it/~baroni/bootcat.html BootCaT: Simple Utilities to Bootstrap Corpora and Terms from the Web]<br /> *[http://callisto.mitre.org/ Callisto Annotation Tool]<br /> *[http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/CatalogEntry.jsp?catalogId=LDC2005T13 CCGBank]<br /> *[http://lael.pucsp.br/corpora/alinhador/ CEPRIL aligner]<br /> *[http://pie.usna.edu/explorec.html Chargrams Database from British National Corpus]<br /> *[http://www.bultreebank.org/clark/index.html CLaRK System]<br /> *[http://dlt4.mit.edu/~dr/COALS/ COALS: Correlated Occurrence Analogue to Lexical Semantics]<br /> *[ftp://cs.nyu.edu/pub/html/comlex.html/ Comlex]<br /> *[http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/iiip/doc/cl-http/home-page.html Common Lisp Hypermedia Server]<br /> *[http://www.cpan.org/ Comprehensive Perl Archive Network]<br /> *[http://clg.wlv.ac.uk/projects/CAST/ Computer Aided Summarisation Tool (CAST)]<br /> *[http://infomap.stanford.edu/webdemo Concept Search Engine Information Mapping Demo (Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University)]<br /> *[https://sourceforge.net/projects/concollate/ Concollate]<br /> *[http://borel.slu.edu/crubadan/ Corpus building for minority languages]<br /> *[http://montev.isi.edu:8000/align-tool/?CORPUS=de-news-morphix&amp;AFILE=full-model1-50-50.gz Corpus De-News-Morphix Alignment Tool]<br /> *[http://search.cpan.org/dist/SuffixTree/ CPAN Suffix Tree Module]<br /> *[http://www.ucl.ac.uk/english-usage/diachronic/index.htm Creating a Parsed and Searchable Diachronic Corpus of Present-Day Spoken English]<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~dbikel/software.html#wn Dan Bikel's Java WordNet Library]<br /> *[http://www.dataharmony.com/ Data Harmony, Document Management Software]<br /> *[http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~lindek/demos.htm Demos of dependency database, parser, and other tools]<br /> *[http://fuzzy.cs.uni-magdeburg.de/~borgelt/dtree.html Dtree - Decision and Regression Tree Induction]<br /> *[http://www.foreignword.com/dictionary/truespel/transpel.htm English-Truespel (USA Accent) Text Conversion Tool]<br /> *[http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~brill/ Eric Brill's Part of Speech Tagger]<br /> *[http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/Fsa/Manual/node1.html Finite State Automata Utilities v6]<br /> *[http://www.jaist.ac.jp/~hieuxuan/flexcrfs/flexcrfs.html FlexCRFs: Flexible Conditional Random Fields]<br /> *[http://garraf.epsevg.upc.es/freeling/ FreeLing 1.2]<br /> *[http://grid.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/Fsa/fsa.html FSA6.2xx: Finite State Automata Utilities]<br /> *[http://gate.ac.uk/ GATE (General Architecture for Text Engineering)]<br /> *[http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/ws2005/groups/statistical/GenPar.html GenPar Toolkit for Generalized Parsing]<br /> *[http://www.parc.xerox.com/istl/groups/nltt/medley/ Grammar Writer's Workbench for Lexical Functional Grammar]<br /> *[http://heartofgold.dfki.de Heart of Gold - XML-based middleware for the integration of (deep and shallow) NLP components]<br /> *[http://htk.eng.cam.ac.uk Hidden Markov Model Toolkit]<br /> *[http://www.ida.liu.se/~nlplab/ILink/ I*Link]<br /> *[http://www.kbsim.com/ifind.html iFind KBSim.com - Knowledge-Based Simulations, Inc.]<br /> *[http://www.infogistics.com/posdemo.htm Infogistics: NLProcessor Interactive Demo]<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~marcu/software.html ISI's version of the RSTTool]<br /> *[http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~javabayes/Home/ JavaBayes - v0.346]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~francois/jmrc/index.html jMRC - MRC Psycholinguistic Database Java Interface]<br /> *[http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/andyr/software/jTokeniser/ jTokeniser]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/projects/jwordnet/ JWNL (Java WordNet Library)]<br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/software/JWPL/ JWPL (Java Wikipedia Library)] <br /> *[http://sslmit.unibo.it/%7ebaroni/welcome_to_knorpora.html Knorpora 1.0]<br /> *[http://miniappolis.com/KWiCFinder/KWiCFinderHome.html KWiCFinder]<br /> *[http://www.kwicfinder.com/KWiCFinder.html Kwicfinder]<br /> *[http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/TextCat/competitors.html Language Identification Tools]<br /> *[http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~lemur/download.html Lemur Toolkit Download]<br /> *[http://www.lemurproject.org/ Lemur Toolkit Website]<br /> *[http://www.leximancer.com/ Leximancer]<br /> *[http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/libsvm/ LIBSVM: A Library for Support Vector Machines]<br /> *[http://search.cpan.org/~lgoddard/Lingua-Syllable-0.03/Syllable.pm Lingua-Syllable]<br /> *[http://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0109&amp;L=corpora&amp;P=R729 list of POS taggers]<br /> *[http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/llwizard.html Log-likelihood calculator]<br /> *[ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/lsmith/MedPost/medpost.tar.gz MedPost: A Part-of-Speech Tagger for BioMedical text]<br /> *[http://www.lexically.net/wordsmith/version4/index.htm Mike Scott's Web - Wordsmith Tools]<br /> *[http://mmax.eml-research.de MMAX Annotation Tool]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/research/ilash/Moby/ Moby Database]<br /> *[http://search.cpan.org/author/SHLOMOY/Lingua-EN-Sentence-0.25/lib/Lingua/EN/Sentence.pm Module for splitting text into sentences]<br /> *[http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~aiken/moss.html Moss: A System for Detecting Software Plagiarism]<br /> *[http://www.natlantech.com/lingbench_ide.html Natlanco]<br /> *[http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~brill/code.html Natural Language Processing Systems]<br /> *[http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/NITE/ NITE XML Toolkit]<br /> *[http://nltk.sourceforge.net NLTK - Natural Language Toolkit]<br /> *[http://crl.nmsu.edu/Tools/Software/ NMSU Natural Language Processing Tools]<br /> *[http://annotation.semanticweb.org/ontomat/index.html Ontomat Homepage]<br /> *[http://teach-computers.org/word-expert.html Open Mind]<br /> *[http://davinci.cs.ucdavis.edu/ OpenRCT Home]<br /> *[http://www.oriel.org/homonym.htm ORIEL -- Online Research Information Environment for the Life Sciences]<br /> *[http://clg.wlv.ac.uk/projects/PALinkA/ PALinkA: A Resource Annotation Tool]<br /> *[http://www.sil.org/ PC-KIMMO, Englex, PC-PATR, and PC-PARSE]<br /> *[http://wall.jussieu.fr/dyn/Context2 perl concordancer]<br /> *[http://www.tartarus.org/~martin/PorterStemmer/index.html Porter Stemming Algorithm]<br /> *[http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/info/perso/permanents/enguehard/recherche/CoRRecT/CoRRecT_gb.htm Project CoRRecT: Reference Corpus for the Recognition of Terms]<br /> *[http://protege.stanford.edu/ Protege Project]<br /> *[http://www.lingsoft.fi/cgi-pub/engcg Publically available POS tagger]<br /> *[http://corpus.leeds.ac.uk/query-zh.html Query to Chinese Corpora]<br /> *[http://www-rali.iro.umontreal.ca/Reacc/ R&amp;eacute;acc - reaccenting software]<br /> *[http://rdues.uce.ac.uk/acronym.shtml RDUES ACRONYM (Automatic Collocational Retrieval of NYMs) Project]<br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~rpnlpir/daemonCollins/ README for the daemonized version of Collins' Parser]<br /> *[http://www.research-lab.com/ Research-lab.com]<br /> *[http://www.reitter-it-media.de/compling/index.html RST LaTeX (Reitter IT and Media)]<br /> *[http://herzberg.ca.sandia.gov/jess/index.shtml Rule Engine for the Java Platform]<br /> *[http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/src/satz/ SATZ--Adaptive Sentence Boundary Detector]<br /> *[http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> *[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/resources/selprefs Selectional Preferences Extracted from Semcor for WordNet 1.6 Synsets (v 1.0)]<br /> *[http://ilk.uvt.nl/~sabine/chunklink/ Software - The chunklink script, by Sabine Buchholz]<br /> *[http://people.csail.mit.edu/people/mcollins/code.html Software and Data Sets for Collins Natural Language Parser]<br /> *[http://senta.di.ubi.pt Software for the Extraction of N-ary Textual Associations (SENTA)]<br /> *[http://www-a2k.is.tokushima-u.ac.jp/member/kita/NLP/nlp_tools.html Software Tools for NLP]<br /> *[http://sprout.dfki.de SProUT - Shallow Processing with Unification and Typed Feature Structures]<br /> *[http://www-nlp.stanford.edu/software/lex-parser.shtml Stanford Parser]<br /> *[http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> *[http://www.lsi.upc.edu/%7Enlp/SVMTool/ SVMTool]<br /> *[http://swesum.nada.kth.se/index-eng.html SweSum - Automatic Text Summarizer (with PRM)]<br /> *[http://www.wagsoft.com/Coder/ Systemic Coder -- a Text Markup Tool (Version 4.5)]<br /> *[http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~lenzo/t2p/ t2p: Text-to-Phoneme Converter Builder]<br /> *[http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/parallel.html Ted Pedersen - Tools for Parallel Text]<br /> *[http://lsi.research.telcordia.com/ Telcordia Latent Semantic Indexing Demo Machine]<br /> *[http://www.tei-c.org/Software/index.html Text Encoding Initiative --Tools]<br /> *[http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/research/ucrel/claws/tagservice.html The CLAWS tagging service]<br /> *[http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/ws99/projects/mt/toolkit/ The EGYPT Statistical Machine Translation Toolkit]<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/CorpusToolbox/ The IMS Corpus Toolbox Webpage]<br /> *[http://jazzy.sourceforge.net/ The Java Open Source Spell Checker]<br /> *[http://www.findingnames.net/ The Naming Company]<br /> *[http://timex2.mitre.org/taggers/timex2_taggers.html TIMEX2 Taggers]<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~thorsten/tnt/ TnT - Statistical Part-of-Speech Tagger]<br /> *[http://www.cs.columbia.edu/nlp/tools.html Tools developed at Columbia University (FUF, Surge, Crep, Segmenter, Verber, Xtract)]<br /> *[http://www.torch.ch Torch3]<br /> *[http://main.amu.edu.pl/~sipkadan/lingo.htm Turbo Lingo]<br /> *[http://stp.ling.uu.se/cgi-bin/joerg/Uplug Uplug]<br /> *[http://wordlist.sourceforge.net/varcon-readme VarCon (Variant Conversion Info)]<br /> *[http://www.edict.com.hk/concordance/ Virtual Language Centre's Web Concordancer]<br /> *[http://www.textanalysis.com/ VisualText]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/projects/wordfreak Wordfreak]<br /> *[http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/wsdshell.html WSD Shell]<br /> *[http://www.xml-ces.org/ XCES: Corpus Encoding Standard for XML]<br /> <br /> == WordNet stuff (placeholder) ==<br /> <br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/dist/WordNet-SenseRelate Word-Net SenseRelate]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/dist/WordNet-Similarity Word-Net Similarity]<br /> * [http://www.clres.com/WordNet.html alphabetic version of WordNet 2.0]<br /> * [http://www.ai.mit.edu/~jrennie/WordNet/ Perl interface to WordNet]<br /> <br /> == QA systems (placeholder, needs to go somewhere else) ==<br /> <br /> * [http://www.answerbus.com/index.shtml Answerbus -- Automatic Language Detection Software ]<br /> * [http://demos.inf.ed.ac.uk:8080/qualim/ QuALiM Question Answering System - Searches Wikipedia]<br /> * [http://start.csail.mit.edu/ START Natural Language Question Answering System]<br /> * [http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~jimmylin/downloads/index.html Aranea Question Answering System]<br /> * [http://webglimpse.net/ Webglimpse]<br /> * [http://www.openchannelsoftware.org/projects/Qanda Qanda: Open source question answering system]<br /> <br /> ==Miscellaneous==<br /> <br /> * [http://homepage.mac.com/bncweb/home.html BNCweb: A Web-Based Interface to the British National Corpus ]<br /> * [http://lingo.stanford.edu/ CSLI LinGO Lab (Stanford) ]<br /> * [http://nlg18.csie.ntu.edu.tw:8080/opinion/index.html Chinese sentiment dictionary NTUSD ]<br /> * [http://www.athel.com/colloc.html Collocate ]<br /> * [http://www.lsi.upc.es/~nlp/freeling/ FreeLing 1.1 ]<br /> * [http://www.webir.org/resources.html IR and IE on the web ]<br /> * [https://sourceforge.net/projects/jwordnet/ JWNL (Java WordNet Library) ]<br /> * [http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~qiul/NLPTools/JavaRAP.html JavaRAP ]<br /> * [http://xlex.uni-muenster.de/ MTP Xlex/www ]<br /> * [http://www.langsoft.ch Natural Language Processing software ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/draft.html Natural Language Software Registry (at DFKI) ]<br /> * [http://www.nzdl.org/ELKB/ Roget's Thesaurus as an Electronic Lexical Knowledge Base ]<br /> * [http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/tact/ Text Analysis Computing Tools (TACT) ]<br /> * [http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/TextCat/ TextCat ]<br /> * [http://igm.univ-mlv.fr/~unitex/ Unitex ]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> * [[Named entity recognizers]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Software]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Uncategorized_software&diff=9479 2012-06-25T10:21:42Z

<p>Creek: /* Tools */</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div class=&quot;usermessage&quot;&gt;<br /> * Please ''do not add anything new to this list''; we would like to eventually eliminate this list.<br /> * Please help us by moving links into categories; add new categories to [[Tools and Software]] if needed.<br /> * Please add new items to the [[List of resources by language]] where appropriate.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ==[[Software]] - Uncategorized and miscellaneous==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/areas/nlp/bookcode/allen/0.html Code from James Allen's &quot;Natural Language Understanding&quot; (code at CMU)]<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/areas/nlp/bookcode/nlp_pp/0.html Code from Michael Covington's &quot;NLP for Prolog Programmers&quot; (code at CMU)]<br /> *[http://www.dtreg.com/ DTREG decision tree generator]<br /> *[http://homepage.mac.com/bncweb/home.html BNCweb: A Web-Based Interface to the British National Corpus] <br /> *[http://nlg18.csie.ntu.edu.tw:8080/opinion/index.html Chinese sentiment dictionary NTUSD] <br /> *[http://www.athel.com/colloc.html Collocate] <br /> *[http://lingo.stanford.edu/ CSLI LinGO Lab (Stanford)] <br /> *[http://www.lsi.upc.es/~nlp/freeling/ FreeLing 1.1] <br /> *[http://www.webir.org/resources.html IR and IE on the web] <br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~qiul/NLPTools/JavaRAP.html JavaRAP] <br /> *[https://sourceforge.net/projects/jwordnet/ JWNL (Java WordNet Library)] <br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/software/JWPL/ JWPL (Java Wikipedia Library)] <br /> *[http://www.linguastream.org LinguaStream]<br /> *[http://xlex.uni-muenster.de/ MTP Xlex/www] <br /> *[http://www.langsoft.ch Natural Language Processing software] <br /> *http://opennlp.sf.net OpenNLP]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~francois/personality/recognizer.html Personality Recognizer from Text]<br /> *[http://www.nzdl.org/ELKB/ Roget's Thesaurus as an Electronic Lexical Knowledge Base] <br /> *[http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/tact/ Text Analysis Computing Tools (TACT)] <br /> *[http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/TextCat/ TextCat] <br /> *[http://igm.univ-mlv.fr/~unitex/ Unitex] <br /> *[http://www.mith2.umd.edu/products/ver-mach/ Versioning Machine 2.0]<br /> <br /> ==Applications==<br /> &lt;!-- Please keep this list in alphabetical order --&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> *[http://webdeptos.uma.es/filifa/personal/amoreno/indexer/ BNC Indexer]<br /> *[http://www.brainhat.com/ Brainhat Natural Language Processing]<br /> *[http://www.chilibot.net/ Chilibot: NLP based miner for gene/protein/keyword relationships]<br /> *[http://www.bultreebank.org/clark CLaRK System]<br /> *[http://delphesintl.com/ Delphes Technologies International]<br /> *[http://www.dtreg.com DTREG 2.0 decision trees with TreeBoost]<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/apps/korek21.html KOREKTOR 2.0 (at the DFKI NLP archive)]<br /> *[http://www.xs4all.nl/~bsarempt/linguistics/index.html KURA 1.0]<br /> *[http://ngram.sourceforge.net Ngram Statistics Package], identify collocations<br /> *[http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/futrelle/bionlp/commercial/opus.html Opus, a commercial biology text mining system]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/projects/pytalk/ Project: Pytalk]<br /> *[http://www.wagsoft.com/RSTTool/ Release of RSTTool: RSTTool 2.7]<br /> *[http://senseclusters.sourceforge.net SenseClusters], cluster similar contexts<br /> *[http://www.softissimo.com/ SOFTISSIMO]<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/corplex/TreeTagger/DecisionTreeTagger.html TreeTagger]<br /> <br /> ==Tools==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Projects/ACE/Tools/ Automatic Content Extraction (ACE): Annotation Tools]<br /> *[http://www.norvig.com/paip/grammar.lisp a simple grammar of English]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/projects/acopost/ ACOPOST]<br /> *[http://acdc.linguateca.pt/example_alignment.html Alignment of bilingual corpora performed with EasyAlign]<br /> *[http://www.lsi.upc.es/~lambert/software/AlignmentSet.html Alignment Set Toolkit]<br /> *[http://lucene.apache.org/java/docs/ Apache Lucene]<br /> *[http://www.arabeyes.org/ Arabeyes Project]<br /> *[http://misshoover.si.umich.edu/~zzheng/sentence/ Automatic English Sentence Segmentation]<br /> *[http://www.clg.wlv.ac.uk/projects/CAST/demos.php Automatic Summarization Demos]<br /> *[http://www.r.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~nakagawa/resource/termext/atr-e.html Automatic Term Extraction System]<br /> *[http://lael.pucsp.br/corpora/ Bancos de dados e Ferramentas de an`alise]<br /> *[http://www.ai.mit.edu/~murphyk/Software/BNT/bnt.html Bayes Net Toolbox for Matlab]<br /> *[http://bndev.sourceforge.net/ Bayesian Network tools in Java (BNJ)]<br /> *[http://sslmit.unibo.it/~baroni/bootcat.html BootCaT: Simple Utilities to Bootstrap Corpora and Terms from the Web]<br /> *[http://callisto.mitre.org/ Callisto Annotation Tool]<br /> *[http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/CatalogEntry.jsp?catalogId=LDC2005T13 CCGBank]<br /> *[http://lael.pucsp.br/corpora/alinhador/ CEPRIL aligner]<br /> *[http://pie.usna.edu/explorec.html Chargrams Database from British National Corpus]<br /> *[http://www.bultreebank.org/clark/index.html CLaRK System]<br /> *[http://dlt4.mit.edu/~dr/COALS/ COALS: Correlated Occurrence Analogue to Lexical Semantics]<br /> *[ftp://cs.nyu.edu/pub/html/comlex.html/ Comlex]<br /> *[http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/iiip/doc/cl-http/home-page.html Common Lisp Hypermedia Server]<br /> *[http://www.cpan.org/ Comprehensive Perl Archive Network]<br /> *[http://clg.wlv.ac.uk/projects/CAST/ Computer Aided Summarisation Tool (CAST)]<br /> *[http://infomap.stanford.edu/webdemo Concept Search Engine Information Mapping Demo (Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University)]<br /> *[https://sourceforge.net/projects/concollate/ Concollate]<br /> *[http://borel.slu.edu/crubadan/ Corpus building for minority languages]<br /> *[http://montev.isi.edu:8000/align-tool/?CORPUS=de-news-morphix&amp;AFILE=full-model1-50-50.gz Corpus De-News-Morphix Alignment Tool]<br /> *[http://search.cpan.org/dist/SuffixTree/ CPAN Suffix Tree Module]<br /> *[http://www.ucl.ac.uk/english-usage/diachronic/index.htm Creating a Parsed and Searchable Diachronic Corpus of Present-Day Spoken English]<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~dbikel/software.html#wn Dan Bikel's Java WordNet Library]<br /> *[http://www.dataharmony.com/ Data Harmony, Document Management Software]<br /> *[http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~lindek/demos.htm Demos of dependency database, parser, and other tools]<br /> *[http://fuzzy.cs.uni-magdeburg.de/~borgelt/dtree.html Dtree - Decision and Regression Tree Induction]<br /> *[http://www.foreignword.com/dictionary/truespel/transpel.htm English-Truespel (USA Accent) Text Conversion Tool]<br /> *[http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~brill/ Eric Brill's Part of Speech Tagger]<br /> *[http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/Fsa/Manual/node1.html Finite State Automata Utilities v6]<br /> *[http://www.jaist.ac.jp/~hieuxuan/flexcrfs/flexcrfs.html FlexCRFs: Flexible Conditional Random Fields]<br /> *[http://garraf.epsevg.upc.es/freeling/ FreeLing 1.2]<br /> *[http://grid.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/Fsa/fsa.html FSA6.2xx: Finite State Automata Utilities]<br /> *[http://gate.ac.uk/ GATE (General Architecture for Text Engineering)]<br /> *[http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/ws2005/groups/statistical/GenPar.html GenPar Toolkit for Generalized Parsing]<br /> *[http://www.parc.xerox.com/istl/groups/nltt/medley/ Grammar Writer's Workbench for Lexical Functional Grammar]<br /> *[http://heartofgold.dfki.de Heart of Gold - XML-based middleware for the integration of (deep and shallow) NLP components]<br /> *[http://htk.eng.cam.ac.uk Hidden Markov Model Toolkit]<br /> *[http://www.ida.liu.se/~nlplab/ILink/ I*Link]<br /> *[http://www.kbsim.com/ifind.html iFind KBSim.com - Knowledge-Based Simulations, Inc.]<br /> *[http://www.infogistics.com/posdemo.htm Infogistics: NLProcessor Interactive Demo]<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~marcu/software.html ISI's version of the RSTTool]<br /> *[http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~javabayes/Home/ JavaBayes - v0.346]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~francois/jmrc/index.html jMRC - MRC Psycholinguistic Database Java Interface]<br /> *[http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/andyr/software/jTokeniser/ jTokeniser]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/projects/jwordnet/ JWNL (Java WordNet Library)]<br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/software/JWPL/ JWPL (Java Wikipedia Library)] <br /> *[http://sslmit.unibo.it/%7ebaroni/welcome_to_knorpora.html Knorpora 1.0]<br /> *[http://miniappolis.com/KWiCFinder/KWiCFinderHome.html KWiCFinder]<br /> *[http://www.kwicfinder.com/KWiCFinder.html Kwicfinder]<br /> *[http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/TextCat/competitors.html Language Identification Tools]<br /> *[http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~lemur/download.html Lemur Toolkit Download]<br /> *[http://www.lemurproject.org/ Lemur Toolkit Website]<br /> *[http://www.leximancer.com/ Leximancer]<br /> *[http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/libsvm/ LIBSVM: A Library for Support Vector Machines]<br /> *[http://search.cpan.org/~lgoddard/Lingua-Syllable-0.03/Syllable.pm Lingua-Syllable]<br /> *[http://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0109&amp;L=corpora&amp;P=R729 list of POS taggers]<br /> *[http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/llwizard.html Log-likelihood calculator]<br /> *[ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/lsmith/MedPost/medpost.tar.gz MedPost: A Part-of-Speech Tagger for BioMedical text]<br /> *[http://www.lexically.net/wordsmith/version4/index.htm Mike Scott's Web - Wordsmith Tools]<br /> *[http://mmax.eml-research.de MMAX Annotation Tool]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/research/ilash/Moby/ Moby Database]<br /> *[http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> *[http://search.cpan.org/author/SHLOMOY/Lingua-EN-Sentence-0.25/lib/Lingua/EN/Sentence.pm Module for splitting text into sentences]<br /> *[http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~aiken/moss.html Moss: A System for Detecting Software Plagiarism]<br /> *[http://www.natlantech.com/lingbench_ide.html Natlanco]<br /> *[http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~brill/code.html Natural Language Processing Systems]<br /> *[http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/NITE/ NITE XML Toolkit]<br /> *[http://nltk.sourceforge.net NLTK - Natural Language Toolkit]<br /> *[http://crl.nmsu.edu/Tools/Software/ NMSU Natural Language Processing Tools]<br /> *[http://annotation.semanticweb.org/ontomat/index.html Ontomat Homepage]<br /> *[http://teach-computers.org/word-expert.html Open Mind]<br /> *[http://davinci.cs.ucdavis.edu/ OpenRCT Home]<br /> *[http://www.oriel.org/homonym.htm ORIEL -- Online Research Information Environment for the Life Sciences]<br /> *[http://clg.wlv.ac.uk/projects/PALinkA/ PALinkA: A Resource Annotation Tool]<br /> *[http://www.sil.org/ PC-KIMMO, Englex, PC-PATR, and PC-PARSE]<br /> *[http://wall.jussieu.fr/dyn/Context2 perl concordancer]<br /> *[http://www.tartarus.org/~martin/PorterStemmer/index.html Porter Stemming Algorithm]<br /> *[http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/info/perso/permanents/enguehard/recherche/CoRRecT/CoRRecT_gb.htm Project CoRRecT: Reference Corpus for the Recognition of Terms]<br /> *[http://protege.stanford.edu/ Protege Project]<br /> *[http://www.lingsoft.fi/cgi-pub/engcg Publically available POS tagger]<br /> *[http://corpus.leeds.ac.uk/query-zh.html Query to Chinese Corpora]<br /> *[http://www-rali.iro.umontreal.ca/Reacc/ R&amp;eacute;acc - reaccenting software]<br /> *[http://rdues.uce.ac.uk/acronym.shtml RDUES ACRONYM (Automatic Collocational Retrieval of NYMs) Project]<br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~rpnlpir/daemonCollins/ README for the daemonized version of Collins' Parser]<br /> *[http://www.research-lab.com/ Research-lab.com]<br /> *[http://www.reitter-it-media.de/compling/index.html RST LaTeX (Reitter IT and Media)]<br /> *[http://herzberg.ca.sandia.gov/jess/index.shtml Rule Engine for the Java Platform]<br /> *[http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/src/satz/ SATZ--Adaptive Sentence Boundary Detector]<br /> *[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/resources/selprefs Selectional Preferences Extracted from Semcor for WordNet 1.6 Synsets (v 1.0)]<br /> *[http://ilk.uvt.nl/~sabine/chunklink/ Software - The chunklink script, by Sabine Buchholz]<br /> *[http://people.csail.mit.edu/people/mcollins/code.html Software and Data Sets for Collins Natural Language Parser]<br /> *[http://senta.di.ubi.pt Software for the Extraction of N-ary Textual Associations (SENTA)]<br /> *[http://www-a2k.is.tokushima-u.ac.jp/member/kita/NLP/nlp_tools.html Software Tools for NLP]<br /> *[http://sprout.dfki.de SProUT - Shallow Processing with Unification and Typed Feature Structures]<br /> *[http://www-nlp.stanford.edu/software/lex-parser.shtml Stanford Parser]<br /> *[http://www.lsi.upc.edu/%7Enlp/SVMTool/ SVMTool]<br /> *[http://swesum.nada.kth.se/index-eng.html SweSum - Automatic Text Summarizer (with PRM)]<br /> *[http://www.wagsoft.com/Coder/ Systemic Coder -- a Text Markup Tool (Version 4.5)]<br /> *[http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~lenzo/t2p/ t2p: Text-to-Phoneme Converter Builder]<br /> *[http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/parallel.html Ted Pedersen - Tools for Parallel Text]<br /> *[http://lsi.research.telcordia.com/ Telcordia Latent Semantic Indexing Demo Machine]<br /> *[http://www.tei-c.org/Software/index.html Text Encoding Initiative --Tools]<br /> *[http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> *[http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/research/ucrel/claws/tagservice.html The CLAWS tagging service]<br /> *[http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/ws99/projects/mt/toolkit/ The EGYPT Statistical Machine Translation Toolkit]<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/CorpusToolbox/ The IMS Corpus Toolbox Webpage]<br /> *[http://jazzy.sourceforge.net/ The Java Open Source Spell Checker]<br /> *[http://www.findingnames.net/ The Naming Company]<br /> *[http://timex2.mitre.org/taggers/timex2_taggers.html TIMEX2 Taggers]<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~thorsten/tnt/ TnT - Statistical Part-of-Speech Tagger]<br /> *[http://www.cs.columbia.edu/nlp/tools.html Tools developed at Columbia University (FUF, Surge, Crep, Segmenter, Verber, Xtract)]<br /> *[http://www.torch.ch Torch3]<br /> *[http://main.amu.edu.pl/~sipkadan/lingo.htm Turbo Lingo]<br /> *[http://stp.ling.uu.se/cgi-bin/joerg/Uplug Uplug]<br /> *[http://wordlist.sourceforge.net/varcon-readme VarCon (Variant Conversion Info)]<br /> *[http://www.edict.com.hk/concordance/ Virtual Language Centre's Web Concordancer]<br /> *[http://www.textanalysis.com/ VisualText]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/projects/wordfreak Wordfreak]<br /> *[http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/wsdshell.html WSD Shell]<br /> *[http://www.xml-ces.org/ XCES: Corpus Encoding Standard for XML]<br /> <br /> == WordNet stuff (placeholder) ==<br /> <br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/dist/WordNet-SenseRelate Word-Net SenseRelate]<br /> * [http://search.cpan.org/dist/WordNet-Similarity Word-Net Similarity]<br /> * [http://www.clres.com/WordNet.html alphabetic version of WordNet 2.0]<br /> * [http://www.ai.mit.edu/~jrennie/WordNet/ Perl interface to WordNet]<br /> <br /> == QA systems (placeholder, needs to go somewhere else) ==<br /> <br /> * [http://www.answerbus.com/index.shtml Answerbus -- Automatic Language Detection Software ]<br /> * [http://demos.inf.ed.ac.uk:8080/qualim/ QuALiM Question Answering System - Searches Wikipedia]<br /> * [http://start.csail.mit.edu/ START Natural Language Question Answering System]<br /> * [http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~jimmylin/downloads/index.html Aranea Question Answering System]<br /> * [http://webglimpse.net/ Webglimpse]<br /> * [http://www.openchannelsoftware.org/projects/Qanda Qanda: Open source question answering system]<br /> <br /> ==Miscellaneous==<br /> <br /> * [http://homepage.mac.com/bncweb/home.html BNCweb: A Web-Based Interface to the British National Corpus ]<br /> * [http://lingo.stanford.edu/ CSLI LinGO Lab (Stanford) ]<br /> * [http://nlg18.csie.ntu.edu.tw:8080/opinion/index.html Chinese sentiment dictionary NTUSD ]<br /> * [http://www.athel.com/colloc.html Collocate ]<br /> * [http://www.lsi.upc.es/~nlp/freeling/ FreeLing 1.1 ]<br /> * [http://www.webir.org/resources.html IR and IE on the web ]<br /> * [https://sourceforge.net/projects/jwordnet/ JWNL (Java WordNet Library) ]<br /> * [http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~qiul/NLPTools/JavaRAP.html JavaRAP ]<br /> * [http://xlex.uni-muenster.de/ MTP Xlex/www ]<br /> * [http://www.langsoft.ch Natural Language Processing software ]<br /> * [http://www.dfki.de/lt/registry/draft.html Natural Language Software Registry (at DFKI) ]<br /> * [http://www.nzdl.org/ELKB/ Roget's Thesaurus as an Electronic Lexical Knowledge Base ]<br /> * [http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/tact/ Text Analysis Computing Tools (TACT) ]<br /> * [http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/TextCat/ TextCat ]<br /> * [http://igm.univ-mlv.fr/~unitex/ Unitex ]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> * [[Named entity recognizers]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Software]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=TWSI_Turk_bootstrap_Word_Sense_Inventory_2.0_(Repository)&diff=9478 2012-06-25T10:19:26Z

<p>Creek: </p> <hr /> <div>* '''ADCR ID:''' ADCR2010T006 <br /> <br /> * '''Name of Dataset:''' TWSI (Turk bootstrap Word Sense Inventory) 2.0, includes [[TWSI Turk bootstrap Word Sense Inventory (Repository)]]<br /> <br /> * '''Contributor:''' [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo], Powerset (a Microsoft company), Octber 18th, 2010<br /> <br /> * '''Copyright:''' (c) 2010, Microsoft Corp. <br /> <br /> * '''Licensing:''' This work is licensed under the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 ].<br /> <br /> * '''Citation:''' If you use the Turk bootstrap Word Sense Inventory in your research, please include the following citation in any resulting papers: <br /> <br /> ::* C. Biemann and V. Nygaard (2010): Crowdsourcing WordNet. In Proceedings of the 5th Global WordNet conference, Mumbai, India. , ''ACL Data and Code Repository'', ADCR2010T006, http://aclweb.org/aclwiki.<br /> <br /> * '''Description:''' Version 1: Collection of more than 50,000 sentences for 397 frequent target nouns from Wikipedia, sense-labeled and with substitutions. Version 2: Collection of more than 118,000 sentences for additional 615 frequent target nouns from Wikipedia, sense-labeled and with substitutions.<br /> <br /> * '''Download:'''<br /> Download link for full TWSI data: http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/data/lexical-resources/twsi-lexical-substitutions<br /> <br /> <br /> - Version 1<br /> [http://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Image:TWSI397.zip] - TWSI version 1 [http://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Image:TWSI397_source_sentences.zip] Supplementary Data version 1; <br /> - Version 2: Due to file size limitations the data is not available here. Please download it at: [http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/data/lexical-resources/twsi-lexical-substitutions] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Data and code repository|TWSI_Turk_bootstrap_Word_Sense_Inventory_(Repository)]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=TOEFL_Synonym_Questions_(State_of_the_art)&diff=9477 2012-06-25T10:18:11Z

<p>Creek: /* Caveats */</p> <hr /> <div>* TOEFL = Test of English as a Foreign Language<br /> * 80 multiple-choice synonym questions; 4 choices per question<br /> * the TOEFL questions are available on request by contacting [http://lsa.colorado.edu/mail_sub.html LSA Support at CU Boulder], the people who manage the [http://lsa.colorado.edu/ LSA web site at Colorado]<br /> * introduced in Landauer and Dumais (1997) as a way of evaluating algorithms for measuring degree of similarity between words<br /> * subsequently used by many other researchers<br /> <br /> <br /> == Sample question ==<br /> <br /> ::{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; <br /> |-<br /> ! Stem:<br /> |<br /> | levied<br /> |-<br /> ! Choices:<br /> | (a)<br /> | imposed<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> | (b)<br /> | believed<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> | (c)<br /> | requested<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> | (d)<br /> | correlated<br /> |-<br /> ! Solution:<br /> | (a)<br /> | imposed<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> == Table of results ==<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Algorithm<br /> ! Reference for algorithm<br /> ! Reference for experiment<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Correct<br /> ! 95% confidence<br /> |-<br /> | RES<br /> | Resnik (1995)<br /> | Jarmasz and Szpakowicz (2003)<br /> | Hybrid<br /> | 20.31%<br /> | 12.89–31.83%<br /> |-<br /> | LC<br /> | Leacock and Chodrow (1998)<br /> | Jarmasz and Szpakowicz (2003)<br /> | Lexicon-based<br /> | 21.88%<br /> | 13.91–33.21%<br /> |-<br /> | LIN<br /> | Lin (1998)<br /> | Jarmasz and Szpakowicz (2003)<br /> | Hybrid<br /> | 24.06%<br /> | 15.99–35.94%<br /> |-<br /> | Random<br /> | Random guessing<br /> | 1 / 4 = 25.00%<br /> | Random<br /> | 25.00%<br /> | 15.99–35.94%<br /> |-<br /> | JC<br /> | Jiang and Conrath (1997)<br /> | Jarmasz and Szpakowicz (2003)<br /> | Hybrid<br /> | 25.00%<br /> | 15.99–35.94%<br /> |-<br /> | LSA<br /> | Landauer and Dumais (1997)<br /> | Landauer and Dumais (1997)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 64.38%<br /> | 52.90–74.80%<br /> |-<br /> | Human<br /> | Average non-English US college applicant<br /> | Landauer and Dumais (1997)<br /> | Human<br /> | 64.50%<br /> | 53.01–74.88%<br /> |-<br /> | DS<br /> | Pado and Lapata (2007)<br /> | Pado and Lapata (2007)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 73.00%<br /> | 62.72-82.96%<br /> |-<br /> | PMI-IR<br /> | Turney (2001)<br /> | Turney (2001)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 73.75%<br /> | 62.72–82.96%<br /> |-<br /> | PairClass<br /> | Turney (2008)<br /> | Turney (2008)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 76.25%<br /> | 65.42-85.06%<br /> |-<br /> | HSO<br /> | Hirst and St.-Onge (1998)<br /> | Jarmasz and Szpakowicz (2003)<br /> | Lexicon-based<br /> | 77.91%<br /> | 68.17–87.11%<br /> |-<br /> | JS<br /> | Jarmasz and Szpakowicz (2003)<br /> | Jarmasz and Szpakowicz (2003)<br /> | Lexicon-based<br /> | 78.75%<br /> | 68.17–87.11%<br /> |-<br /> | PMI-IR<br /> | Terra and Clarke (2003)<br /> | Terra and Clarke (2003)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 81.25%<br /> | 70.97–89.11%<br /> |-<br /> | CWO<br /> | Ruiz-Casado et al. (2005)<br /> | Ruiz-Casado et al. (2005)<br /> | Web-based<br /> | 82.55%<br /> | 72.38–90.09%<br /> |-<br /> | PPMIC<br /> | Bullinaria and Levy (2006)<br /> | Bullinaria and Levy (2006)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 85.00%<br /> | 75.26-92.00%<br /> |-<br /> | GLSA<br /> | Matveeva et al. (2005)<br /> | Matveeva et al. (2005)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 86.25%<br /> | 76.73-92.93%<br /> |-<br /> | LSA<br /> | Rapp (2003)<br /> | Rapp (2003)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 92.50%<br /> | 84.39-97.20%<br /> |-<br /> | PR<br /> | Turney et al. (2003)<br /> | Turney et al. (2003)<br /> | Hybrid<br /> | 97.50%<br /> | 91.26–99.70%<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> == Explanation of table ==<br /> <br /> * '''Algorithm''' = name of algorithm<br /> * '''Reference for algorithm''' = where to find out more about given algorithm<br /> * '''Reference for experiment''' = where to find out more about evaluation of given algorithm with TOEFL questions<br /> * '''Type''' = general type of algorithm: corpus-based, lexicon-based, hybrid<br /> * '''Correct''' = percent of 80 questions that given algorithm answered correctly<br /> * '''95% confidence''' = confidence interval calculated using [http://www.quantitativeskills.com/sisa/statistics/onemean.htm Binomial Exact Test]<br /> * table rows sorted in order of increasing percent correct<br /> * several WordNet-based similarity measures are implemented in [http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/ Ted Pedersen]'s [http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/similarity.html WordNet::Similarity] package<br /> * LSA = Latent Semantic Analysis<br /> * PMI-IR = Pointwise Mutual Information - Information Retrieval<br /> * PR = Product Rule<br /> * PPMIC = Positive Pointwise Mutual Information with Cosine<br /> * GLSA = Generalized Latent Semantic Analysis<br /> * CWO = Context Window Overlapping<br /> * DS = Dependency Space<br /> <br /> == Caveats ==<br /> <br /> * the performance of a corpus-based algorithm depends on [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]the corpus, so the difference in performance between two corpus-based systems may be due to the different corpora, rather than the different algorithms<br /> * the TOEFL questions include nouns, verbs, and adjectives, but some of the WordNet-based algorithms were only designed to work with nouns<br /> * some of the algorithms may have been tuned [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]on the TOEFL questions<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Bullinaria, J.A., and Levy, J.P. (2006). [http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~jxb/PUBS/BRM.pdf Extracting semantic representations from word co-occurrence statistics: A computational study]. To appear in ''Behavior Research Methods'', 38.<br /> <br /> Hirst, G., and St-Onge, D. (1998). [http://mirror.eacoss.org/documentation/ITLibrary/IRIS/Data/1997/Hirst/Lexical/1997-Hirst-Lexical.pdf Lexical chains as representation of context for the detection and correction of malapropisms]. In C. Fellbaum (ed.), ''WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database''. Cambridge: MIT Press, 305-332.<br /> <br /> Jarmasz, M., and Szpakowicz, S. (2003). [http://www.csi.uottawa.ca/~szpak/recent_papers/TR-2003-01.pdf Roget’s thesaurus and semantic similarity], ''Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP-03)'', Borovets, Bulgaria, September, pp. 212-219.<br /> <br /> Jiang, J.J., and Conrath, D.W. (1997). [http://wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de/~sbordag/aalw05/Referate/03_Assoziationen_BudanitskyResnik/Jiang_Conrath_97.pdf Semantic similarity based on corpus statistics and lexical taxonomy]. ''Proceedings of the International Conference on Research in Computational Linguistics'', Taiwan.<br /> <br /> Landauer, T.K., and Dumais, S.T. (1997). [http://lsa.colorado.edu/papers/plato/plato.annote.html A solution to Plato's problem: The latent semantic analysis theory of the acquisition, induction, and representation of knowledge]. ''Psychological Review'', 104(2):211–240.<br /> <br /> Leacock, C., and Chodorow, M. (1998). Combining local context and WordNet similarity for word sense identification. In C. Fellbaum (ed.), ''WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database''. Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 265-283.<br /> <br /> Lin, D. (1998). [http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~lindek/papers/sim.pdf An information-theoretic definition of similarity]. ''Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-98)'', Madison, WI, pp. 296-304.<br /> <br /> Matveeva, I., Levow, G., Farahat, A., and Royer, C. (2005). [http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~matveeva/SynGLSA_ranlp_final.pdf Generalized latent semantic analysis for term representation]. ''Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP-05)'', Borovets, Bulgaria.<br /> <br /> Pado, S., and Lapata, M. (2007). [http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~pado/pub/papers/cl07_pado.pdf Dependency-based construction of semantic space models]. ''Computational Linguistics'', 33(2), 161-199.<br /> <br /> Rapp, R. (2003). [http://www.amtaweb.org/summit/MTSummit/FinalPapers/19-Rapp-final.pdf Word sense discovery based on sense descriptor dissimilarity]. ''Proceedings of the Ninth Machine Translation Summit'', pp. 315-322.<br /> <br /> Resnik, P. (1995). [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/resnik95using.html Using information content to evaluate semantic similarity]. ''Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95)'', Montreal, pp. 448-453.<br /> <br /> Ruiz-Casado, M., Alfonseca, E. and Castells, P. (2005) [http://alfonseca.org/pubs/2005-ranlp1.pdf Using context-window overlapping in Synonym Discovery and Ontology Extension]. ''Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP-2005)'', Borovets, Bulgaria.<br /> <br /> Terra, E., and Clarke, C.L.A. (2003). [http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/N/N03/N03-1032.pdf Frequency estimates for statistical word similarity measures]. ''Proceedings of the Human Language Technology and North American Chapter of Association of Computational Linguistics Conference 2003 (HLT/NAACL 2003)'', pp. 244–251.<br /> <br /> Turney, P.D. (2001). [http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.LG/0212033 Mining the Web for synonyms: PMI-IR versus LSA on TOEFL]. ''Proceedings of the Twelfth European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML-2001)'', Freiburg, Germany, pp. 491-502.<br /> <br /> Turney, P.D., Littman, M.L., Bigham, J., and Shnayder, V. (2003). [http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.CL/0309035 Combining independent modules to solve multiple-choice synonym and analogy problems]. ''Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP-03)'', Borovets, Bulgaria, pp. 482-489.<br /> <br /> Turney, P.D. (2008). [http://arxiv.org/abs/0809.0124 A uniform approach to analogies, synonyms, antonyms, and associations]. ''Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)'', Manchester, UK, pp. 905-912.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Attributional and Relational Similarity (State of the art)]]<br /> * [[ESL Synonym Questions (State of the art)|ESL Synonym Questions]]<br /> * [[SAT Analogy Questions]]<br /> * [[State of the art]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:State of the art]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Textual_Entailment_Resource_Pool&diff=9476 2012-06-25T10:16:53Z

<p>Creek: /* Role Labelling */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Textual Entailment]] &amp;gt; '''Resources''':<br /> ----<br /> <br /> [[Textual Entailment|Textual entailment]] systems rely on many different types of [[Natural Language Processing|NLP]] resources, including term banks, paraphrase lists, parsers, named-entity recognizers, etc. With so many resources being continuously released and improved, it can be difficult to know which particular resource to use when developing a system.<br /> <br /> In response, the [[Recognizing Textual Entailment|Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE)]] shared task community initiated a new activity for building this ''Textual Entailment Resource Pool''. RTE participants and any other member of the NLP community are encouraged to contribute to the pool.<br /> <br /> In an effort to determine the relative impact of the resources, RTE participants are strongly encouraged to report, whenever possible, the contribution to the overall performance of each utilized resource. Formal qualitative and quantitative results should be included in a separate section of the system report as well as posted on the talk pages of this Textual Entailment Resource Pool.<br /> <br /> '''Adding''' a new resource is very easy. See how to '''use existing templates''' to do this in [[Help:Using Templates]].<br /> <br /> == Complete RTE Systems ==<br /> <br /> * [http://project.cgm.unive.it/html/venses.html VENSES] (from Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy)<br /> * [http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki/nutcracker Nutcracker] (available for download)<br /> * [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/kindleDemo.php Entailment Demo] (from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) - INACTIVE (as of 2010-12-22)<br /> * [http://edits.fbk.eu/ EDITS - Edit Distance Textual Entailment Suite] (open source software developed by [http://hlt.fbk.eu/ Human Language Technology (HLT) group at FBK-Irst])<br /> * [http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~nlp/downloads/biutee/index.html BIUTEE] - Bar Ilan University Textual Entailment Engine (open source). <br /> <br /> == RTE data sets ==<br /> === Past campaigns data sets ===<br /> * [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Challenges/RTE/Datasets RTE1 dataset] - provided by [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk PASCAL]<br /> * [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Challenges/RTE2/Datasets RTE2 dataset] - provided by [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk PASCAL]<br /> * [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Challenges/RTE3/Datasets RTE3 dataset] - provided by [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk PASCAL]<br /> * [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/past/2008/RTE-4.html RTE4 dataset] - provided by [http://www.nist.gov/index.html NIST] - freely available upon request. For details see [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/forms/index.html TAC User Agreements]<br /> * [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/past/2009/RTE-5.html RTE5 dataset] - provided by [http://www.nist.gov/index.html NIST] - freely available upon request. For details see [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/forms/index.html TAC User Agreements]<br /> * [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/past/2010/RTE-6_Main_Task.html RTE6 dataset] - provided by [http://www.nist.gov/index.html NIST] - freely available upon request. For details see [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/forms/index.html TAC User Agreements]<br /> * [http://www.nist.gov/tac/2011/RTE/index.html RTE7 dataset] - provided by [http://www.nist.gov/index.html NIST] - freely available upon request. For details see [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/forms/index.html TAC User Agreements]<br /> <br /> <br /> === Other data sets ===<br /> * [http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/projects/salsa/fate FrameNet manually annotated RTE 2006 Test Set.] Provided by [http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/projects/salsa/ SALSA project, Saarland University.]<br /> * [http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~nlp/files/RTE_2006_Aligned.zip Manually Word Aligned RTE 2006 Data Sets.] Provided by [http://research.microsoft.com/nlp/ the Natural Language Processing Group, Microsoft Research.]<br /> * [http://www-nlp.stanford.edu/projects/contradiction/ RTE data sets annotated for a 3-way decision: entails, contradicts, unknown.] Provided by Stanford NLP Group.<br /> * [http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~pclark/bpi-test-suite/ BPI RTE data set] - 250 pairs, focusing on world knowledge. Provided jointly by [http://www.boeing.com/phantom/math_ct/index.html Boeing], [http://wordnet.cs.princeton.edu/ Princeton], and [http://www.isi.edu ISI].<br /> * [http://hlt.fbk.eu/en/Technology/TE_Specialized_Data Textual Entailment Specialized Data Sets] - 90 RTE-5 Test Set pairs annotated with linguistic phenomena + 203 monothematic pairs (i.e. pairs where only one linguistic phenomenon is relevant to the entailment relation) created from the 90 annotated pairs. Provided jointly by [http://hlt.fbk.eu/en/home FBK-Irst], and [http://www.celct.it/ CELCT].<br /> * [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/ RTE-5 Search Pilot Data Set annotated with anaphora and coreference information] - RTE-5 Search Data Set annotated with anaphora/coreference information + Augmented RTE-5 Search Data Set, where all the referring expressions which need to be resolved in the entailing sentences are substituted by explicit expressions on the basis of the anaphora/coreference annotation. Provided by [http://www.celct.it/ CELCT] and distributed by [http://www.nist.gov/index.html NIST] at the [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/ Past TAC Data] web page (2009 Search Pilot, annotated test/dev data).<br /> * [http://www.investigacion.frc.utn.edu.ar/mslabs/~jcastillo/Sagan-test-suite/ RTE-3-Expanded, RTE-4-Expanded, RTE-5-Expanded.] RTE data set expanded in the two and three way task, at least 2000 pairs in each data set.<br /> * [https://agora.cs.illinois.edu/display/rtedata/Explanation+Based+Analysis+of+RTE+Data Explanation-Based Analysis annotation of RTE 5 Main Task subset] described in [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~danr/Papers/SammonsVyRo10.pdf this ACL 2010 paper]<br /> * [http://art.uniroma2.it/zanzotto/resources/WIKI_FINAL_CORPUS_v1.zip Wiki Entailment Corpus] A RTE-like set of entailment pairs extracted from Wikipedia revisions described in [http://aclweb.org/anthology/W/W10/W10-3504.pdf this paper]<br /> <br /> == Knowledge Resources ==<br /> The [[RTE Knowledge Resources]] page presents: <br /> <br /> * a [[RTE Knowledge Resources#Call for Resources|call for resources]], inviting system developers to share the resources used by their own TE engines, to both help improve the TE technology and further test and evaluate such resources;<br /> * [[RTE Knowledge Resources#Ablation tests|the ablation tests]] carried out in the RTE challenges in order to evaluate the impact of knowledge resources and tools on TE system performances;<br /> * [[RTE Knowledge Resources#Publicly available Resources|lists of knowledge resources]], both publically available and unpublished, used by systems participating in the last RTE challenges.<br /> &lt;!-- * [https://agora.cs.illinois.edu/display/rtedata/Explanation+Based+Analysis+of+RTE+Data Explanation-Based Analysis annotation of RTE 5 Main Task subset] described in [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~danr/Papers/SammonsVyRo10.pdf this ACL 2010 paper] --&gt;<br /> <br /> == Tools ==<br /> <br /> === Parsers ===<br /> * [http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc C&amp;C parser for Combinatory Categorial Grammar]<br /> * [[Minipar]]<br /> * [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/asoftware.php?skey=SP Shallow Parser] - from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, see a [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo] of this tool<br /> <br /> === Role Labelling ===<br /> * [http://cemantix.org/assert.html ASSERT]<br /> * [http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/projects/salsa/shal/ Shalmaneser]<br /> * [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/asoftware.php?skey=SRL Semantic Role Labeler] - from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, see a [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet] of this tool<br /> <br /> === Entity Recognition Tools ===<br /> * [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/asoftware.php?skey=NE Illinois Named Entity Tagger] - see a [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/ne_demo.php web demo] of this tool<br /> * [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/asoftware.php?skey=CORANKER Illinois Multi-lingual Named Entity Discovery Tool] - see a [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/ne_matcher_demo.php web demo] of this tool<br /> <br /> === Similarity / Relatedness Tools ===<br /> * [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/ukb UKB]: Open source WordNet-based similarity/relatedness tool, includes also pre-computed semantic vectors for all words<br /> <br /> === Corpus Readers ===<br /> * [http://nltk.org NLTK] provides a corpus reader for the data from RTE Challenges 1, 2, and 3 - see the [http://nltk.org/doc/guides/corpus.html#rte Corpus Readers] Guide for more information.<br /> <br /> === Related Libraries ===<br /> <br /> * [http://www.semantilog.org/pypes.html PyPES] general purpose library containing evaluation environment for RTE and McPIET text inference engine based on the ERG (English Resource Grammar)<br /> <br /> === Text Normalizers ===<br /> [http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~nlp/downloads/normalizer.html Java number normalizer (Beta)]<br /> A tool for converting textual representations of numbers to a standard numerical string.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> *[[Textual Entailment References#Workshops and Tutorials | Workshops and Tutorials ]]<br /> *[[Textual Entailment References#Papers in recent conferences and other workshops | Papers in recent conferences and other workshops ]]<br /> *[[Textual Entailment References#Journal papers | Journal papers ]]<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> * [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/rte/ Textual Entailment site by Johan Bos]<br /> * [http://ai-nlp.info.uniroma2.it/research/te/ Textual Entailment at the University of Rome &quot;Tor Vergata&quot;]<br /> [[Category:Textual Entailment Portal]]<br /> * [http://cogcomp.cs.illinois.edu/page/demo_view/18 Illinois Textual Entailment System Component demos]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Textual_Entailment_Resource_Pool&diff=9475 2012-06-25T10:16:36Z

<p>Creek: /* Parsers */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Textual Entailment]] &amp;gt; '''Resources''':<br /> ----<br /> <br /> [[Textual Entailment|Textual entailment]] systems rely on many different types of [[Natural Language Processing|NLP]] resources, including term banks, paraphrase lists, parsers, named-entity recognizers, etc. With so many resources being continuously released and improved, it can be difficult to know which particular resource to use when developing a system.<br /> <br /> In response, the [[Recognizing Textual Entailment|Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE)]] shared task community initiated a new activity for building this ''Textual Entailment Resource Pool''. RTE participants and any other member of the NLP community are encouraged to contribute to the pool.<br /> <br /> In an effort to determine the relative impact of the resources, RTE participants are strongly encouraged to report, whenever possible, the contribution to the overall performance of each utilized resource. Formal qualitative and quantitative results should be included in a separate section of the system report as well as posted on the talk pages of this Textual Entailment Resource Pool.<br /> <br /> '''Adding''' a new resource is very easy. See how to '''use existing templates''' to do this in [[Help:Using Templates]].<br /> <br /> == Complete RTE Systems ==<br /> <br /> * [http://project.cgm.unive.it/html/venses.html VENSES] (from Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy)<br /> * [http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki/nutcracker Nutcracker] (available for download)<br /> * [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/kindleDemo.php Entailment Demo] (from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) - INACTIVE (as of 2010-12-22)<br /> * [http://edits.fbk.eu/ EDITS - Edit Distance Textual Entailment Suite] (open source software developed by [http://hlt.fbk.eu/ Human Language Technology (HLT) group at FBK-Irst])<br /> * [http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~nlp/downloads/biutee/index.html BIUTEE] - Bar Ilan University Textual Entailment Engine (open source). <br /> <br /> == RTE data sets ==<br /> === Past campaigns data sets ===<br /> * [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Challenges/RTE/Datasets RTE1 dataset] - provided by [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk PASCAL]<br /> * [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Challenges/RTE2/Datasets RTE2 dataset] - provided by [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk PASCAL]<br /> * [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Challenges/RTE3/Datasets RTE3 dataset] - provided by [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk PASCAL]<br /> * [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/past/2008/RTE-4.html RTE4 dataset] - provided by [http://www.nist.gov/index.html NIST] - freely available upon request. For details see [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/forms/index.html TAC User Agreements]<br /> * [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/past/2009/RTE-5.html RTE5 dataset] - provided by [http://www.nist.gov/index.html NIST] - freely available upon request. For details see [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/forms/index.html TAC User Agreements]<br /> * [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/past/2010/RTE-6_Main_Task.html RTE6 dataset] - provided by [http://www.nist.gov/index.html NIST] - freely available upon request. For details see [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/forms/index.html TAC User Agreements]<br /> * [http://www.nist.gov/tac/2011/RTE/index.html RTE7 dataset] - provided by [http://www.nist.gov/index.html NIST] - freely available upon request. For details see [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/forms/index.html TAC User Agreements]<br /> <br /> <br /> === Other data sets ===<br /> * [http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/projects/salsa/fate FrameNet manually annotated RTE 2006 Test Set.] Provided by [http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/projects/salsa/ SALSA project, Saarland University.]<br /> * [http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~nlp/files/RTE_2006_Aligned.zip Manually Word Aligned RTE 2006 Data Sets.] Provided by [http://research.microsoft.com/nlp/ the Natural Language Processing Group, Microsoft Research.]<br /> * [http://www-nlp.stanford.edu/projects/contradiction/ RTE data sets annotated for a 3-way decision: entails, contradicts, unknown.] Provided by Stanford NLP Group.<br /> * [http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~pclark/bpi-test-suite/ BPI RTE data set] - 250 pairs, focusing on world knowledge. Provided jointly by [http://www.boeing.com/phantom/math_ct/index.html Boeing], [http://wordnet.cs.princeton.edu/ Princeton], and [http://www.isi.edu ISI].<br /> * [http://hlt.fbk.eu/en/Technology/TE_Specialized_Data Textual Entailment Specialized Data Sets] - 90 RTE-5 Test Set pairs annotated with linguistic phenomena + 203 monothematic pairs (i.e. pairs where only one linguistic phenomenon is relevant to the entailment relation) created from the 90 annotated pairs. Provided jointly by [http://hlt.fbk.eu/en/home FBK-Irst], and [http://www.celct.it/ CELCT].<br /> * [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/ RTE-5 Search Pilot Data Set annotated with anaphora and coreference information] - RTE-5 Search Data Set annotated with anaphora/coreference information + Augmented RTE-5 Search Data Set, where all the referring expressions which need to be resolved in the entailing sentences are substituted by explicit expressions on the basis of the anaphora/coreference annotation. Provided by [http://www.celct.it/ CELCT] and distributed by [http://www.nist.gov/index.html NIST] at the [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/ Past TAC Data] web page (2009 Search Pilot, annotated test/dev data).<br /> * [http://www.investigacion.frc.utn.edu.ar/mslabs/~jcastillo/Sagan-test-suite/ RTE-3-Expanded, RTE-4-Expanded, RTE-5-Expanded.] RTE data set expanded in the two and three way task, at least 2000 pairs in each data set.<br /> * [https://agora.cs.illinois.edu/display/rtedata/Explanation+Based+Analysis+of+RTE+Data Explanation-Based Analysis annotation of RTE 5 Main Task subset] described in [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~danr/Papers/SammonsVyRo10.pdf this ACL 2010 paper]<br /> * [http://art.uniroma2.it/zanzotto/resources/WIKI_FINAL_CORPUS_v1.zip Wiki Entailment Corpus] A RTE-like set of entailment pairs extracted from Wikipedia revisions described in [http://aclweb.org/anthology/W/W10/W10-3504.pdf this paper]<br /> <br /> == Knowledge Resources ==<br /> The [[RTE Knowledge Resources]] page presents: <br /> <br /> * a [[RTE Knowledge Resources#Call for Resources|call for resources]], inviting system developers to share the resources used by their own TE engines, to both help improve the TE technology and further test and evaluate such resources;<br /> * [[RTE Knowledge Resources#Ablation tests|the ablation tests]] carried out in the RTE challenges in order to evaluate the impact of knowledge resources and tools on TE system performances;<br /> * [[RTE Knowledge Resources#Publicly available Resources|lists of knowledge resources]], both publically available and unpublished, used by systems participating in the last RTE challenges.<br /> &lt;!-- * [https://agora.cs.illinois.edu/display/rtedata/Explanation+Based+Analysis+of+RTE+Data Explanation-Based Analysis annotation of RTE 5 Main Task subset] described in [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~danr/Papers/SammonsVyRo10.pdf this ACL 2010 paper] --&gt;<br /> <br /> == Tools ==<br /> <br /> === Parsers ===<br /> * [http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc C&amp;C parser for Combinatory Categorial Grammar]<br /> * [[Minipar]]<br /> * [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/asoftware.php?skey=SP Shallow Parser] - from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, see a [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo] of this tool<br /> <br /> === Role Labelling ===<br /> * [http://cemantix.org/assert.html ASSERT]<br /> * [http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/projects/salsa/shal/ Shalmaneser]<br /> * [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/asoftware.php?skey=SRL Semantic Role Labeler] - from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, see a [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/srl-demo.php web demo] of this tool<br /> <br /> === Entity Recognition Tools ===<br /> * [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/asoftware.php?skey=NE Illinois Named Entity Tagger] - see a [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/ne_demo.php web demo] of this tool<br /> * [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/asoftware.php?skey=CORANKER Illinois Multi-lingual Named Entity Discovery Tool] - see a [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/ne_matcher_demo.php web demo] of this tool<br /> <br /> === Similarity / Relatedness Tools ===<br /> * [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/ukb UKB]: Open source WordNet-based similarity/relatedness tool, includes also pre-computed semantic vectors for all words<br /> <br /> === Corpus Readers ===<br /> * [http://nltk.org NLTK] provides a corpus reader for the data from RTE Challenges 1, 2, and 3 - see the [http://nltk.org/doc/guides/corpus.html#rte Corpus Readers] Guide for more information.<br /> <br /> === Related Libraries ===<br /> <br /> * [http://www.semantilog.org/pypes.html PyPES] general purpose library containing evaluation environment for RTE and McPIET text inference engine based on the ERG (English Resource Grammar)<br /> <br /> === Text Normalizers ===<br /> [http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~nlp/downloads/normalizer.html Java number normalizer (Beta)]<br /> A tool for converting textual representations of numbers to a standard numerical string.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> *[[Textual Entailment References#Workshops and Tutorials | Workshops and Tutorials ]]<br /> *[[Textual Entailment References#Papers in recent conferences and other workshops | Papers in recent conferences and other workshops ]]<br /> *[[Textual Entailment References#Journal papers | Journal papers ]]<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> * [http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jbos/rte/ Textual Entailment site by Johan Bos]<br /> * [http://ai-nlp.info.uniroma2.it/research/te/ Textual Entailment at the University of Rome &quot;Tor Vergata&quot;]<br /> [[Category:Textual Entailment Portal]]<br /> * [http://cogcomp.cs.illinois.edu/page/demo_view/18 Illinois Textual Entailment System Component demos]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Textual_Entailment_References&diff=9474 2012-06-25T10:15:07Z

<p>Creek: /* Papers in recent conferences and other workshops */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Textual Entailment]] &amp;gt; '''References''':<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ''You are welcome to update this list with new papers on textual entailment (please keep the new references in the same format, and maintain the alphabetical order).''<br /> <br /> === Workshops and Tutorials ===<br /> <br /> [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/presentations/RTE_NAACL_2010.zip NAACL 2010 Tutorial on Recognizing Textual Entailment, 2010]<br /> <br /> [http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/W/W05/#W05-1200 ACL 2005 Workshop on Empirical Modeling of Semantic Equivalence and Entailment, 2005]<br /> <br /> [http://www.pascal-network.org/Challenges/RTE/ First PASCAL Recognising Textual Entailment Challenge (RTE-1), 2005]<br /> <br /> [http://www.pascal-network.org/Challenges/RTE2/ Second PASCAL Recognising Textual Entailment Challenge (RTE-2), 2006]<br /> <br /> [http://nlp.uned.es/QA/ave Answer Validation Exercise at CLEF 2006 (AVE 2006)]<br /> <br /> [http://www.pascal-network.org/Challenges/RTE3/ Third PASCAL Recognising Textual Entailment Challenge (RTE-3), 2007]<br /> <br /> === Papers in recent conferences and other workshops ===<br /> <br /> L. Bentivogli, I. Dagan, H. Dang, D. Giampiccolo, M. Lo Leggio, and B. Magnini . 2009. Considering Discourse References in Textual Entailment Annotation. 5th International Conference on Generative Approaches to the Lexicon (GL 2009). [http://hlt.fbk.eu/sites/hlt.fbk.eu/files/GL2009_Bentivogli-et-al.pdf pdf]<br /> <br /> J. Bos, K. Markert. 2005. Recognising Textual Entailment with Logical Inference. Proceedings of the 2005 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2005), pp. 628–635. [http://www.meaningfactory.com/bos/pubs/BosMarkert2005EMNLP.pdf pdf]<br /> <br /> R. Braz, R. Girju, V. Punyakanok, D. Roth, and M. Sammons. 2005. An Inference Model for Semantic Entailment in Natural Language. Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05) <br /> <br /> R. Braz, R. Girju, V. Punyakanok, D. Roth, and M. Sammons. 2005. Knowledge Representation for Semantic Entailment and Question-Answering. IJCAI-05 Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning for Answering Questions. <br /> <br /> C. Corley, A. Csomai and R. Mihalcea. 2005. Text Semantic Similarity, with Applications. <br /> RANLP-05.<br /> <br /> I. Dagan and O. Glickman. 2004. Probabilistic textual entailment: Generic applied modeling of language variability. In PASCAL Workshop on Learning Methods for Text Understanding and Mining, Grenoble.<br /> <br /> I. Dagan, O. Glickman, A. Gliozzo, E. Marmorshtein and C. Strapparava. 2006. Direct Word Sense Matching for Lexical Substitution. COLING-ACL 2006<br /> <br /> R. Delmonte, 2005. VENSES - a Linguistically-Based System for Semantic Evaluation, PLN, Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, Revista n° 35, ISSN:1135-5948, pp. 449-450.<br /> <br /> R. Delmonte, 2005. Simulare la comprensione del linguaggio con VENSES. presented at Workshop &quot;Scienze Cognitive Applicate&quot;, Facolt? di Psicologia dell'Universit? Roma &quot;La Sapienza&quot;, 12/13-12-2005.<br /> <br /> Georgiana Dinu and Rui Wang. 2009. Inference Rules and their Application to Recognizing Textual Entailment. EACL-09.<br /> <br /> M. Geffet and I. Dagan. 2004. Feature Vector Quality and Distributional Similarity. Proceedings of The 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING).<br /> <br /> M. Geffet and I. Dagan. 2005. &quot;The Distributional Inclusion Hypotheses and Lexical Entailment&quot;, ACL 2005, Michigan, USA. <br /> <br /> O. Glickman, I. Dagan and M. Koppel. 2005. A Probabilistic Classification Approach for Lexical Textual Entailment, Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05) <br /> <br /> O. Glickman, E. Shnarch and I. Dagan. 2006. Lexical Reference: a Semantic Matching Subtask. EMNLP 2006 (poster).<br /> <br /> A. Haghighi, A. Y. Ng, and C. D. Manning. 2005. Robust Textual Inference via Graph Matching. HLT-EMNLP 2005.<br /> <br /> S. Harabagiu and A. Hickl. 2006. Methods for Using Textual Entailment [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]in Open-Domain Question Answering. COLING-ACL 2006<br /> <br /> J. Herrera, A. Peñas, F. Verdejo, 2006. Textual Entailment Recognition Based on Dependency Analysis and WordNet. MLCW 2005. LNAI 3944. 231-239.<br /> <br /> V. Jijkoun and M. de Rijke. 2006. Recognizing Textual Entailment: Is Lexical Similarity Enough?, In: I. Dagan, F. Dalche, J. Quinonero Candela, B. Magnini, editors, Evaluating Predictive Uncertainty, Textual Entailment and Object Recognition Systems, LNAI 3944, pages 449-460, Springer Verlag.<br /> <br /> M. Kouylekov and B. Magnini. 2005. Tree Edit Distance for Textual Entailment. RANLP 2005.<br /> <br /> B. MacCartney, T. Grenager, M. de Marneffe, D. Cer and C. D. Manning. 2006. Learning to Recognize Features of Valid Textual Entailments. HLT-NAACL 2006.<br /> <br /> M. Makatchev, P. W. Jordan, K. Vanlehn. 2004. Abductive Theorem Proving for Analyzing Student Explanations to Guide Feedback in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 32(3). <br /> <br /> Y. Mehdad, B. Magnini. 2009. A Word Overlap Baseline for the Recognizing Textual Entailment Task. Available at http://hlt.fbk.eu/sites/hlt.fbk.eu/files/baseline.pdf<br /> <br /> Shachar Mirkin, Ido Dagan, Maayan Geffet. 2006. Integrating Pattern-based and Distributional Similarity Methods for Lexical Entailment Acquisition. COLING-ACL 2006 [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/P/P06/P06-2075.pdf pdf] <br /> <br /> Shachar Mirkin, Ido Dagan, Eyal Shnarch. 2009. Evaluating the Inferential Utility of Lexical-Semantic Resources. EACL-09. [http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~mirkins/publications/Inferential-Utility_Mirkin-DS_EACL09.pdf pdf]<br /> <br /> Shachar Mirkin, Lucia Specia, Nicola Cancedda, Ido Dagan, Marc Dymetman and Idan Szpektor. 2009. Source-Language Entailment Modeling for Translating Unknown Terms. ACL-09. [http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~mirkins/publications/TE4MT_ACL09_Mirkin-Specia-etal.pdf pdf]<br /> <br /> Shachar Mirkin, Ido Dagan and Sebastian Padó. 2010. Assessing the Role of Discourse References in Entailment Inference. ACL-10 [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/P/P10/P10-1123.pdf pdf]<br /> <br /> Shachar Mirkin, Jonathan Berant, Ido Dagan and Eyal Shnarch. 2010. Recognising Entailment within Discourse. COLING-10. [http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~mirkins/publications/Mirkin-etal_COLING-2010.pdf pdf]<br /> <br /> Shachar Mirkin, Ido Dagan, Lili Kotlerman and Idan Szpektor. Classification-based Contextual Preferences. TextInfer 2011 [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/W/W11/W11-2403.pdf]<br /> <br /> C. Monz and M. de Rijke. 2001. Light-Weight Entailment Checking for Computational Semantics, In: P. Blackburn and M. Kohlhase, editors, International workshop on Inference in Computational Semantics (ICoS-3).<br /> <br /> R. Nairn, C. Condoravdi, and L. Karttunen. 2006. Computing relative polarity for textual inference. International workshop on Inference in Computational Semantics (ICoS-5).<br /> <br /> M. T. Pazienza, M. Pennacchiotti and F. M. Zanzotto . 2006. Discovering asymmetric entailment relations between verbs using selectional preferences. COLING-ACL 2006<br /> <br /> V. Pekar. 2006. Acquisition of Verb Entailment from Text. HLT-NAACL 2006<br /> <br /> A. Peñas, A. Rodrigo, F. Verdejo. 2006. SPARTE, a Test Suite for Recognising Textual Entailment in Spanish. Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, CICLing 2006. LNCS 3878. 275-286<br /> <br /> R. Raina, A. Y. Ng, and C. Manning. 2005. Robust textual inference via learning and abductive reasoning. Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05) <br /> <br /> L. Romano, M. Kouylekov, I. Szpektor, I. Dagan and A. Lavelli. 2006. Investigating a Generic Paraphrase-based Approach for Relation Extraction. EACL 2006. <br /> <br /> V. Rus, A. Graesser and K. Desai. 2005. Lexico-Syntactic Subsumption for Textual Entailment. RANLP 2005.<br /> <br /> Mark Sammons, Vinod Vydiswaran, and Dan Roth. 2010. Ask not what Textual Entailment can do for you.... ACL-10 [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~danr/Papers/SammonsVyRo10.pdf pdf]<br /> <br /> R. Snow, L. Vanderwende and A. Menezes. 2006. Effectively Using Syntax for Recognizing False Entialment. HLT-NAACL 2006.<br /> <br /> M. Tatu and D. Moldovan. 2005. A Semantic Approach to Recognizing Textual Entailment. HLT-EMNLP 2005.<br /> <br /> M. Tatu and D. Moldovan. 2006. A Logic-based Semantic Approach to Recognizing Textual Entailment. COLING-ACL 2006 (poster). <br /> <br /> Rui Wang and Günter Neumann. 2007. Recognizing Textual Entailment Using a Subsequence Kernel Method. AAAI-07.<br /> <br /> Rui Wang and Yajing Zhang. 2008. Recognizing Textual Entailment with Temporal Expressions in Natural Language Texts. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Semantic Computing and Applications (IWSCA-2008).<br /> <br /> Rui Wang and Günter Neumann. 2009. An Accuracy-Oriented Divide-and-Conquer Strategy for Recognizing Textual Entailment. TAC 2008 Workshop - RTE-4.<br /> <br /> Rui Wang and Yi Zhang. 2009. Recognizing Textual Relatedness with Predicate-Argument Structures. EMNLP 2009.<br /> <br /> F. M. Zanzotto and A. Moschitti. 2006. Automatic learning of [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]textual entailments with cross-pair similarities. COLING-ACL 2006<br /> <br /> === Journal papers ===<br /> <br /> I. Androutsopoulos and P. Malakasiotis. 2010. A Survey of Paraphrasing and Textual Entailment Methods. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, vol. 38, pp. 135-187. [http://www.jair.org/papers/paper2985.html]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Textual Entailment Portal]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Textual_Entailment_References&diff=9473 2012-06-25T10:14:34Z

<p>Creek: /* Papers in recent conferences and other workshops */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Textual Entailment]] &amp;gt; '''References''':<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ''You are welcome to update this list with new papers on textual entailment (please keep the new references in the same format, and maintain the alphabetical order).''<br /> <br /> === Workshops and Tutorials ===<br /> <br /> [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~cogcomp/presentations/RTE_NAACL_2010.zip NAACL 2010 Tutorial on Recognizing Textual Entailment, 2010]<br /> <br /> [http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/W/W05/#W05-1200 ACL 2005 Workshop on Empirical Modeling of Semantic Equivalence and Entailment, 2005]<br /> <br /> [http://www.pascal-network.org/Challenges/RTE/ First PASCAL Recognising Textual Entailment Challenge (RTE-1), 2005]<br /> <br /> [http://www.pascal-network.org/Challenges/RTE2/ Second PASCAL Recognising Textual Entailment Challenge (RTE-2), 2006]<br /> <br /> [http://nlp.uned.es/QA/ave Answer Validation Exercise at CLEF 2006 (AVE 2006)]<br /> <br /> [http://www.pascal-network.org/Challenges/RTE3/ Third PASCAL Recognising Textual Entailment Challenge (RTE-3), 2007]<br /> <br /> === Papers in recent conferences and other workshops ===<br /> <br /> L. Bentivogli, I. Dagan, H. Dang, D. Giampiccolo, M. Lo Leggio, and B. Magnini . 2009. Considering Discourse References in Textual Entailment Annotation. 5th International Conference on Generative Approaches to the Lexicon (GL 2009). [http://hlt.fbk.eu/sites/hlt.fbk.eu/files/GL2009_Bentivogli-et-al.pdf pdf]<br /> <br /> J. Bos, K. Markert. 2005. Recognising Textual Entailment with Logical Inference. Proceedings of the 2005 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2005), pp. 628–635. [http://www.meaningfactory.com/bos/pubs/BosMarkert2005EMNLP.pdf pdf]<br /> <br /> R. Braz, R. Girju, V. Punyakanok, D. Roth, and M. Sammons. 2005. An Inference Model for Semantic Entailment in Natural Language. Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05) <br /> <br /> R. Braz, R. Girju, V. Punyakanok, D. Roth, and M. Sammons. 2005. Knowledge Representation for Semantic Entailment and Question-Answering. IJCAI-05 Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning for Answering Questions. <br /> <br /> C. Corley, A. Csomai and R. Mihalcea. 2005. Text Semantic Similarity, with Applications. <br /> RANLP-05.<br /> <br /> I. Dagan and O. Glickman. 2004. Probabilistic textual entailment: Generic applied modeling of language variability. In PASCAL Workshop on Learning Methods for Text Understanding and Mining, Grenoble.<br /> <br /> I. Dagan, O. Glickman, A. Gliozzo, E. Marmorshtein and C. Strapparava. 2006. Direct Word Sense Matching for Lexical Substitution. COLING-ACL 2006<br /> <br /> R. Delmonte, 2005. VENSES - a Linguistically-Based System for Semantic Evaluation, PLN, Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, Revista n° 35, ISSN:1135-5948, pp. 449-450.<br /> <br /> R. Delmonte, 2005. Simulare la comprensione del linguaggio con VENSES. presented at Workshop &quot;Scienze Cognitive Applicate&quot;, Facolt? di Psicologia dell'Universit? Roma &quot;La Sapienza&quot;, 12/13-12-2005.<br /> <br /> Georgiana Dinu and Rui Wang. 2009. Inference Rules and their Application to Recognizing Textual Entailment. EACL-09.<br /> <br /> M. Geffet and I. Dagan. 2004. Feature Vector Quality and Distributional Similarity. Proceedings of The 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING).<br /> <br /> M. Geffet and I. Dagan. 2005. &quot;The Distributional Inclusion Hypotheses and Lexical Entailment&quot;, ACL 2005, Michigan, USA. <br /> <br /> O. Glickman, I. Dagan and M. Koppel. 2005. A Probabilistic Classification Approach for Lexical Textual Entailment, Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05) <br /> <br /> O. Glickman, E. Shnarch and I. Dagan. 2006. Lexical Reference: a Semantic Matching Subtask. EMNLP 2006 (poster).<br /> <br /> A. Haghighi, A. Y. Ng, and C. D. Manning. 2005. Robust Textual Inference via Graph Matching. HLT-EMNLP 2005.<br /> <br /> S. Harabagiu and A. Hickl. 2006. Methods for Using Textual Entailment [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]in Open-Domain Question Answering. COLING-ACL 2006<br /> <br /> J. Herrera, A. Peñas, F. Verdejo, 2006. Textual Entailment Recognition Based on Dependency Analysis and WordNet. MLCW 2005. LNAI 3944. 231-239.<br /> <br /> V. Jijkoun and M. de Rijke. 2006. Recognizing Textual Entailment: Is Lexical Similarity Enough?, In: I. Dagan, F. Dalche, J. Quinonero Candela, B. Magnini, editors, Evaluating Predictive Uncertainty, Textual Entailment and Object Recognition Systems, LNAI 3944, pages 449-460, Springer Verlag.<br /> <br /> M. Kouylekov and B. Magnini. 2005. Tree Edit Distance for Textual Entailment. RANLP 2005.<br /> <br /> B. MacCartney, T. Grenager, M. de Marneffe, D. Cer and C. D. Manning. 2006. Learning to Recognize Features of Valid Textual Entailments. HLT-NAACL 2006.<br /> <br /> M. Makatchev, P. W. Jordan, K. Vanlehn. 2004. Abductive Theorem Proving for Analyzing Student Explanations to Guide Feedback in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 32(3). <br /> <br /> Y. Mehdad, B. Magnini. 2009. A Word Overlap Baseline for the Recognizing Textual Entailment Task. Available at http://hlt.fbk.eu/sites/hlt.fbk.eu/files/baseline.pdf<br /> <br /> Shachar Mirkin, Ido Dagan, Maayan Geffet. 2006. Integrating Pattern-based and Distributional Similarity Methods for Lexical Entailment Acquisition. COLING-ACL 2006 [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/P/P06/P06-2075.pdf pdf] <br /> <br /> Shachar Mirkin, Ido Dagan, Eyal Shnarch. 2009. Evaluating the Inferential Utility of Lexical-Semantic Resources. EACL-09. [http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~mirkins/publications/Inferential-Utility_Mirkin-DS_EACL09.pdf pdf]<br /> <br /> Shachar Mirkin, Lucia Specia, Nicola Cancedda, Ido Dagan, Marc Dymetman and Idan Szpektor. 2009. Source-Language Entailment Modeling for Translating Unknown Terms. ACL-09. [http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~mirkins/publications/TE4MT_ACL09_Mirkin-Specia-etal.pdf pdf]<br /> <br /> Shachar Mirkin, Ido Dagan and Sebastian Padó. 2010. Assessing the Role of Discourse References in Entailment Inference. ACL-10 [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/P/P10/P10-1123.pdf pdf]<br /> <br /> Shachar Mirkin, Jonathan Berant, Ido Dagan and Eyal Shnarch. 2010. Recognising Entailment within Discourse. COLING-10. [http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~mirkins/publications/Mirkin-etal_COLING-2010.pdf pdf]<br /> <br /> Shachar Mirkin, Ido Dagan, Lili Kotlerman and Idan Szpektor. Classification-based Contextual Preferences. TextInfer 2011 [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/W/W11/W11-2403.pdf]<br /> <br /> C. Monz and M. de Rijke. 2001. Light-Weight Entailment Checking for Computational Semantics, In: P. Blackburn and M. Kohlhase, editors, International workshop on Inference in Computational Semantics (ICoS-3).<br /> <br /> R. Nairn, C. Condoravdi, and L. Karttunen. 2006. Computing relative polarity for textual inference. International workshop on Inference in Computational Semantics (ICoS-5).<br /> <br /> M. T. Pazienza, M. Pennacchiotti and F. M. Zanzotto . 2006. Discovering asymmetric entailment relations between verbs using selectional preferences. COLING-ACL 2006<br /> <br /> V. Pekar. 2006. Acquisition of Verb Entailment from Text. HLT-NAACL 2006<br /> <br /> A. Peñas, A. Rodrigo, F. Verdejo. 2006. SPARTE, a Test Suite for Recognising Textual Entailment in Spanish. Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, CICLing 2006. LNCS 3878. 275-286<br /> <br /> R. Raina, A. Y. Ng, and C. Manning. 2005. Robust textual inference via learning and abductive reasoning. Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05) <br /> <br /> L. Romano, M. Kouylekov, I. Szpektor, I. Dagan and A. Lavelli. 2006. Investigating a Generic Paraphrase-based Approach for Relation Extraction. EACL 2006. <br /> <br /> V. Rus, A. Graesser and K. Desai. 2005. Lexico-Syntactic Subsumption for Textual Entailment. RANLP 2005.<br /> <br /> Mark Sammons, Vinod Vydiswaran, and Dan Roth. 2010. Ask not what Textual Entailment can do for you.... ACL-10 [http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~danr/Papers/SammonsVyRo10.pdf pdf]<br /> <br /> R. Snow, L. Vanderwende and A. Menezes. 2006. Effectively Using Syntax for Recognizing False Entialment. HLT-NAACL 2006.<br /> <br /> M. Tatu and D. Moldovan. 2005. A Semantic Approach to Recognizing Textual Entailment. HLT-EMNLP 2005.<br /> <br /> M. Tatu and D. Moldovan. 2006. A Logic-based Semantic Approach to Recognizing Textual Entailment. COLING-ACL 2006 (poster). <br /> <br /> Rui Wang and Günter Neumann. 2007. Recognizing Textual Entailment Using a Subsequence Kernel Method. AAAI-07.<br /> <br /> Rui Wang and Yajing Zhang. 2008. Recognizing Textual Entailment with Temporal Expressions in Natural Language Texts. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Semantic Computing and Applications (IWSCA-2008).<br /> <br /> Rui Wang and Günter Neumann. 2009. An Accuracy-Oriented Divide-and-Conquer Strategy for Recognizing Textual Entailment. TAC 2008 Workshop - RTE-4.<br /> <br /> Rui Wang and Yi Zhang. 2009. Recognizing Textual Relatedness with Predicate-Argument Structures. EMNLP 2009.<br /> <br /> F. M. Zanzotto and A. Moschitti. 2006. Automatic learning of textual entailments with cross-pair similarities. COLING-ACL 2006<br /> <br /> === Journal papers ===<br /> <br /> I. Androutsopoulos and P. Malakasiotis. 2010. A Survey of Paraphrasing and Textual Entailment Methods. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, vol. 38, pp. 135-187. [http://www.jair.org/papers/paper2985.html]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Textual Entailment Portal]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Textual_Entailment_Portal&diff=9472 2012-06-25T10:13:03Z

<p>Creek: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Textual Entailment''' (TE) is a directional relation between text fragments. The relation holds whenever the truth of one text fragment follows from another text. In the TE framework, the entailing and entailed texts are termed ''text'' and ''hypothesis'', respectively. <br /> <br /> An example of a positive TE (text entails hypothesis) is:<br /> * text: ''If you help the needy, God will reward you''.<br /> * hypothesis: ''Giving money to [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]a poor man has good consequences''.<br /> <br /> An example of a negative TE (text contradicts hypothesis) is:<br /> * text: ''If you help the needy, God will reward you''.<br /> * hypothesis: ''Giving money to a poor man has no consequences''.<br /> <br /> An example of a non-TE (text does not entail nor contradict) is:<br /> * text: ''If you help the needy, God will reward you''.<br /> * hypothesis: ''Giving money to a poor man will make you better person''.<br /> <br /> The entailment need not be pure logical - it has a more relaxed definition: &quot;t entails h (t ⇒ h) if, typically, a human reading t would infer that h is most likely true.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~dagan/publications/RTEChallenge.pdf Ido Dagan, Oren Glickman and Bernardo Magnini. The PASCAL Recognising Textual Entailment Challenge, p. 2] ''in:'' Quiñonero-Candela, J.; Dagan, I.; Magnini, B.; d'Alché-Buc, F. (Eds.) ''Machine Learning Challenges. Lecture Notes in Computer Science'' , Vol. 3944, pp. 177-190, Springer, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE) has been proposed recently as a generic task that captures major semantic inference needs across many natural language processing applications.<br /> <br /> This page serves as a community portal for everything related to Textual Entailment:<br /> * [[Textual Entailment Resource Pool]] - Complete RTE Systems, RTE data sets, Knowledge Resources, Tools (Parsers, Role Labelling, Entity Recognition Tools, Similarity / Relatedness Tools, Corpus Readers, Related Libraries), Links.<br /> * PASCAL Challenge - [[Recognizing Textual Entailment|Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE)]]<br /> * [[Textual Entailment References]] - Workshops, Tutorials and Papers.<br /> ==Notes==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Textual Entailment Portal]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=TEASE&diff=9471 2012-06-25T10:07:32Z

<p>Creek: /* Authors */</p> <hr /> <div>'''TEASE''' is an algorithm for Web-based acquisition of entailment relations. Given a lexical-syntactic input template, a parse sub-tree with variable slots, the algorithm automatically learns other templates that are candidates for entailment relation with the input template. The direction of the entailment relation is not learned in this version, so the resulting relation can be either that the input entails the candidate, the candidate entails the input or both entail each other (paraphrases). The structure of the candidates is also learned as part of the acquisition.<br /> <br /> The current knowledge collection available consists of 136 different templates that were given as input. Under each directory you can find two files: pivot.xml, containing the description of the input template, and learned_templates.xml, containing the description of all the learned templates for that input template. The current collection was created by [[Idan Szpektor]] at [[Bar Ilan University]].<br /> <br /> == Acquiring the Resource ==<br /> <br /> The current TEASE knowledge collection is available for research purposes:<br /> [http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~szpekti/TEASE_collection.zip TEASE_collection.zip]<br /> <br /> Note that in the current knowledge collection, the first candidate in the list of learned templates may be at times the input template itself. This will be filtered out in future knowledgebase versions.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Please refer to the following publication when using this resource:<br /> * Idan Szpektor, Hristo Tanev, Ido Dagan and Bonaventura Coppola. 2004. Scaling Web-based Acquisition of Entailment Relations. in ''Proceedings of EMNLP 2004''.<br /> <br /> == Authors ==<br /> [http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~szpekti/ Idan Szpektor]<br /> <br /> [http://tcc.itc.it/people/tanev.html Hristo Tanev]<br /> <br /> [http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~dagan/ Ido Dagan]<br /> <br /> [http://tcc.itc.it/people/coppola.html Bonaventura Coppola]<br /> <br /> [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Knowledge Collections and Datasets]]<br /> [[Category:Textual Entailment Portal]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=State_of_the_art&diff=9470 2012-06-25T09:50:19Z

<p>Creek: </p> <hr /> <div>The purpose of this section [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]of the ACL wiki is to be a repository of ''k''-best state-of-the-art results (i.e., methods and software) for various core natural language processing tasks. <br /> <br /> As a side effect, this should hopefully evolve into a knowledge base of standard evaluation methods and datasets for various tasks, as well as encourage more effort into reproducibility of results. This will help newcomers to a field appreciate what has been done so far and what the main tasks are, and will help keep active researchers informed on fields other than their specific research. The next time you need a system for PP attachment, or wonder what is the current state of word sense disambiguation, this will be the place to visit. <br /> <br /> Please contribute! (This is also a good place for you to display your results!)<br /> <br /> As a historical point of reference, you may want to refer to the [http://web.archive.org/web/20100325144600/http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/HLTsurvey/ Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology] ([http://www.lt-world.org/hlt_survey/master.pdf also available as PDF]), edited by R. Cole, J. Mariani, H. Uszkoreit, G. B. Varile, A. Zaenen, A. Zampolli, V. Zue, 1996.<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Please keep this list in alphabetical order --&gt;<br /> * [[Anaphora Resolution (State of the art)|Anaphora Resolution]] (stub)<br /> * [[Attributional and Relational Similarity (State of the art)|Attributional and Relational Similarity]]<br /> * [[Automatic Summarization (State of the art)|Automatic Summarization]]<br /> * [[Chunking (State of the art)|Chunking]] (stub)<br /> * [[Dependency Parsing (State of the art)|Dependency Parsing]] (stub)<br /> * [[Document Classification (State of the art)|Document Classification]] (stub)<br /> * [[Language Identification (State of the art)|Language Identification]] (stub)<br /> * [[Named Entity Recognition (State of the art)|Named Entity Recognition]]<br /> * [[Noun-Modifier Semantic Relations (State of the art)|Noun-Modifier Semantic Relations]]<br /> * [[NP Chunking (State of the art)|NP Chunking]] <br /> * [[Paraphrase Identification (State of the art)|Paraphrase Identification]]<br /> * [[Parsing (State of the art)|Parsing]] <br /> * [[POS Induction (State of the art) |POS Induction]]<br /> * [[POS Tagging (State of the art) |POS Tagging]]<br /> * [[PP Attachment (State of the art)|PP Attachment]] (stub)<br /> * [[Semantic Role Labeling (State of the art)|Semantic Role Labeling]] (stub)<br /> * [[Sentiment Analysis (State of the art)|Sentiment Analysis]] (stub)<br /> * [[Speech Recognition (State of the art)|Speech Recognition]] (article request)<br /> * [[Temporal Expression Recognition and Normalisation (State of the art)|Temporal Expression Recognition and Normalisation]] (stub)<br /> * [[Cleaneval (State of the art)| Web Corpus Cleaning]] (stub)<br /> * [[Word Segmentation (State of the art)|Word Segmentation]] (stub)<br /> * [[Word Sense Disambiguation (State of the art)|Word Sense Disambiguation]] (stub)<br /> &lt;!-- Please keep this list in alphabetical order --&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:State of the art]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Special_interest_groups&diff=9469 2012-06-25T09:48:33Z

<p>Creek: /* See also */</p> <hr /> <div>'''Note:''' You are welcome to use the ACL Wiki for your CL/NLP SIG. For example, see [[SIGFSM]].<br /> <br /> == [[ACL]] Special Interest groups ==<br /> * ACL [http://www.cs.vassar.edu/sigann/ SIGANN] - Linguistic Annotation of Natural Language Corpora for NLP<br /> * ACL [http://www.sigbiomed.org/ SIGBIOMED] - Biomedical Natural Language Processing<br /> * ACL [http://www.aclweb.org/sigdat SIGDAT] - Linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to NLP<br /> * ACL &amp; ISCA [http://www.sigdial.org/ SIGDIAL] - Discourse and Dialogue Processing<br /> * ACL [[SIGFSM]] - Finite-State Methods<br /> * ACL [http://www.siggen.org/ SIGGEN] - Natural Language Generation<br /> * ACL [http://sighan.cs.uchicago.edu SIGHAN] - Chinese Language Processing<br /> * ACL [[SIGHUM]] - Language Technologies for the Socio-Economic Sciences and the Humanities<br /> * ACL [http://www.siglex.org/ SIGLEX] - Lexicon<br /> * ACL [http://molweb.org/ SIGMOL] - Mathematics of Language<br /> * ACL [http://www.aclweb.org/sigphon SIGMORPHON] - Computational Morphology and Phonology<br /> * ACL [http://www.sigmt.org/ SIGMT] - Machine Translation<br /> * ACL [http://www.aclweb.org/signll SIGNLL] - Natural Language Learning<br /> * ACL [http://www.aclweb.org/sigparse SIGPARSE] - Natural Language Parsing<br /> * ACL [http://www.sigsem.org SIGSEM] - Computational Semantics<br /> * ACL [http://www.sigwac.org.uk/ SIGWAC] - Web as Corpus<br /> * ACL [http://www.slpat.org/ SIGSLPAT] - Speech &amp; Language Processing for Assistive Technologies<br /> * ACL [http://cl.haifa.ac.il/semitic/ SEMITIC] - Computational Approaches to Semitic Languages<br /> <br /> == Relevant [[ACM]] Special Interest Groups ==<br /> * ACM [http://sigart.acm.org/ SIGART] - Artificial Intelligence<br /> * ACM [http://www.sigchi.org/ SIGCHI] - Computer-Human Interaction<br /> * ACM [http://www.sigdoc.org/ SIGDOC] - Design of Communication<br /> * ACM [http://www.sigir.org/ SIGIR] - Information Retrieval<br /> * ACM [http://www.sigmm.org/ SIGMM] - Multimedia<br /> * ACM [http://www.sigweb.org/ SIGWEB] - Hypertext, Hypermedia and the Web<br /> <br /> == Relevant [[ISCA]] Special Interest Groups ==<br /> * ISCA [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/saltmil/ SALTMIL] - Speech and Language Technology for Minority Languages<br /> * ISCA [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/%7Emax/mainpage_files/SLATE.htm SLATE] - Speech and Language Technology in Education<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Newsgroups, mailing lists]],[http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.aclweb.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=17&amp;Itemid=28 ACL SIGs]<br /> * [http://www.acm.org/sigs/ ACM SIGs]<br /> * [http://www.isca-speech.org/sig.html ISCA SIGs]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Special Interest groups]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=SIGFSM&diff=9468 2012-06-25T09:47:03Z

<p>Creek: /* Other representatives */</p> <hr /> <div>== SIGFSM — ACL SIG on Finite-State Methods ==<br /> <br /> See also [https://kitwiki.csc.fi/twiki/bin/view/KitWiki/SIGFSM SIGFSM].<br /> <br /> == Events ==<br /> <br /> * [http://ciaa-fsmnlp-2011.univ-tours.fr/ciaa/page.php?id=1&amp;nom=home FSMNLP 2011 / CIAA 2011 in Blois, France]<br /> ** Prior FSMNLP workshops: Pretoria (2009), Ispra (2008), Potsdam (2007), Helsinki (2005), Budapest (2003), Helsinki (2001), Ankara (1998), Budapest (1996)<br /> * Participation to related meetings/events encouraged: SIGMORPHON, ATANLP, WATA, CIAA, ...<br /> <br /> == Elected officers (Spring 2010 - Spring 2012) ==<br /> * President: Anssi Yli-Jyrä, Treasurer: Thomas Hanneforth, Secretary: Laurette Pretorius<br /> <br /> == Other representatives ==<br /> * The non-elected posts are appointed by the President, Treasurer and Secretary after hearing the SIG members.<br /> <br /> * ''International Advisory Committee'': Matthieu Constant (Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, France), Colin de la Higuera (Nantes University, France), Lauri Karttunen (Stanford University, USA), Kevin Knight (USC/Information Sciences Institute, USA), András Kornai (Harvard University, USA &amp; Budapest Institute of Technology, Hungary), Andreas Maletti (Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain), Jakub Piskorski (Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw), Bruce W. Watson (University of Pretoria, SA &amp; Technical University of Eindhoven, The Netherlands), Menno van Zaanen (Tilburg University, The Netherlands), Lynette van Zijl (Stellenbosch University, SA) + the elected officers <br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> * ''Resource Manager(s)'': Thomas Hanneforth (web site, mailing list etc.) + other volunteers<br /> * ''Liaison Representative'' in ACL Meetings: Andreas Maletti (2011), Anssi Yli-Jyrä (2010), Jason Eisner (2009)<br /> <br /> == Resources ==<br /> <br /> * There is a mailing list (contact Thomas Hanneforth)<br /> * Planned: Workshop proceedings to the ACL Anthology (we wait permissions from publishers)<br /> * Planned: Bibliography<br /> <br /> [[Category:Special Interest groups]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=SemEval_Portal&diff=9467 2012-06-25T09:45:44Z

<p>Creek: /* Upcoming and Past Events */</p> <hr /> <div>This page serves as a community portal for everything related to Semantic Evaluation ('''SemEval'''). <br /> <br /> Quick links:<br /> <br /> * [[SemEval-2012]]<br /> * [[SemEval-2013]]<br /> * [http://www.clres.com/siglex.html SIGLEX]<br /> <br /> ==Semantic Evaluation Exercises==<br /> <br /> '''SemEval''' (Semantic Evaluation) is an ongoing series of evaluations of [[Semantics|computational semantic analysis]] systems; it evolved from the Senseval [[Word sense disambiguation|Word sense]] evaluation series. The evaluations are intended to explore the nature of [[Semantics|meaning]] in language. While meaning is intuitive to humans, transferring those intuitions to computational analysis has proved elusive.<br /> <br /> This series of evaluations is providing a mechanism to characterize in more precise terms exactly what is necessary to compute in meaning. As such, the evaluations provide an emergent mechanism to identify the problems and solutions for computations with meaning. These exercises have evolved to articulate more of the dimensions that are involved in our use of language. They began with apparently simple attempts to identify [[Word sense disambiguation|word senses]] computationally. They have evolved to investigate the interrelationships among the elements in a sentence (e.g., [[semantic role labeling]]), relations between sentences (e.g., [[coreference]]), and the nature of what we are saying ([[semantic relations]] and [[sentiment analysis]]).<br /> <br /> The purpose of the SemEval exercises and [http://www.senseval.org SENSEVAL] is to evaluate semantic analysis systems. The first three evaluations, Senseval-1 through Senseval-3, were focused on word sense disambiguation, each time growing in the number of languages offered in the tasks and in the number of participating teams. Beginning with the 4th workshop, SemEval-2007 (SemEval-1), the nature of the tasks evolved to include semantic analysis tasks outside of word sense disambiguation. This portal will be used to provide a comprehensive view of the issues involved in semantic evaluations.<br /> <br /> ==Upcoming and Past Events==<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;7&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; <br /> |-<br /> ! Event<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | [http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/semeval-2013/ SemEval-2013]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 2013<br /> | to be determined<br /> | - discussion at [http://groups.google.com/group/semeval3 SemEval 3 Group]<br /> |-<br /> | [http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/semeval-2012/ SemEval-2012]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 2012<br /> | Montreal, Canada<br /> | - part of [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/starsem/ *SEM] &lt;br /&gt; - discussion at [http://groups.google.com/group/semeval3 SemEval 3 Group]<br /> |-<br /> | [http://semeval2.fbk.eu/semeval2.php SemEval-2010]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 2010<br /> | Uppsala, Sweden<br /> | - [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/S/S10/ proceedings]<br /> |-<br /> | [http://nlp.cs.swarthmore.edu/semeval/index.php SemEval-2007]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 2007 <br /> | Prague, Czech Republic<br /> | - [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/S/S07/ proceedings] &lt;br /&gt; - copy of website at [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> |-<br /> | [http://www.senseval.org/senseval3 SENSEVAL 3]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 2004<br /> | Barcelona, Spain<br /> | - [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/W/W04/#0800 proceedings]<br /> |-<br /> | [http://www.sle.sharp.co.uk/senseval2 SENSEVAL 2]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 2001<br /> | Toulouse, France<br /> | - main link provides links to results, data, system descriptions, task descriptions, and workshop program &lt;br /&gt; - copy of website at [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> |-<br /> | [http://www.itri.brighton.ac.uk/events/senseval/ARCHIVE/index.html SENSEVAL 1]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1998<br /> | East Sussex, UK<br /> | - papers in [http://www.springerlink.com/content/0010-4817/34/1-2/ Computers and the Humanities], subscribers or pay per view<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Overview of Issues in Semantic Analysis==<br /> <br /> The SemEval exercises provide a mechanism for examining issues in semantic analysis of texts. The topics of interest are concerned with identifying and characterizing the kinds of issues relevant to human understanding of language; the topics are generally different from the concerns of the logic-based approach of formal computational semantics. The primary goal is to replicate human processing by means of computer systems. The tasks (shown below) are developed by individuals and groups to deal with identifiable issues, as they take on some concrete form.<br /> <br /> The first major area in semantic analysis is the identification of the intended meaning at the word level (taken to include idiomatic expressions). This is word-sense disambiguation (a concept that is evolving away from the notion that words have discrete senses, but rather are characterized by the ways in which they are used, i.e., their contexts). The tasks in this area include lexical sample and all-word disambiguation, multi- and cross-lingual disambiguation, and lexical substitution. Given the difficulties of identifying word senses, other tasks relevant to this topic include word-sense induction, subcategorization acquisition, and evaluation of lexical resources. The tasks in this area may be characterized as dealing with dictionary issues.<br /> <br /> The second major area in semantic analysis is the understanding of how different sentence and textual elements fit together. Tasks in this area include semantic role labeling, semantic relation analysis, and coreference resolution. Other tasks in this area look at more specialized issues of semantic analysis, such as temporal information processing, metonymy resolution, and sentiment analysis. The tasks in this area have many potential applications, such as information extraction, question answering, document summarization, machine translation, construction of thesauri and semantic networks, language modeling, paraphrasing, and recognizing textual entailment. In each of these potential applications, the contribution of the types of semantic analysis constitutes the most outstanding research issue.<br /> <br /> ==Tasks in Semantic Evaluation==<br /> <br /> The major tasks in semantic evaluation include:<br /> * '''[[Word sense disambiguation]]''': WSD, lexical sample and all-words, the process of identifying which [[Word sense disambiguation|sense]] of a word (i.e. [[Semantics|meaning]]) is used in a [[Sentence (linguistics)|sentence]], when the word has multiple meanings ([[polysemy]]). The WSD task has two variants: &quot;[[lexical sample task|lexical sample]]&quot; and &quot;[[all-words task|all words]]&quot; task. The former comprises disambiguating the occurrences of a small sample of target words which were previously selected, while in the latter all the words in a piece of running text need to be disambiguated. Tasks have been performed for many languages. Tasks have covered disambiguation of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and prepositions. A new task is evaluating phrasal semantics (compositionality and semantic similarity of phrases).<br /> * '''Multi-lingual or cross-lingual word-sense disambiguation''': word senses are defined according to translation distinctions, e.g., a polysemous word in Japanese is translated differently in a given context. The WSD task provides texts with target words and requires identification of the appropriate translation. A related task is cross-language information retrieval, where participants disambiguate in one language (e.g., with WordNet synsets) and retrieve documents in another language; standard information retrieval metrics are use to assess the quality of the disambiguation. New tasks include cross-lingual content-based recommendation (where user profiles are built to recommend items of interest in another language), examining semantic textual similarity with a view toward evaluating modular semantic components, and linking noun phrases across Wikipedia articles in different languages.<br /> * '''Word-sense induction''': comparison of sense-induction and discrimination systems. The task is to cluster corpus instances (word uses, rather than word senses) and to evaluate systems on how well they correspond to pre-existing sense inventories or to various sense mapping systems. New tasks are to provide an evaluation framework for web search result clustering, induction for graded or non-graded senses, and tags used in folksonomies.<br /> * '''Lexical substitution or simplification''': find an alternative substitute word or phrase for a target word in context. The task involves both finding the synonyms and disambiguating the context. It allows the use of any kind of lexical resource or technique, including word sense disambiguation and word sense induction. A cross-lingual task was also defined. This topic also includes textual entailment and paraphrasing tasks.<br /> * '''Evaluation of lexical resources''': the task evaluates the submitted lexical resources indirectly, running a simple WSD based on topic signatures (sets of words related to each target sense). A lexical sample tagged with English WordNet senses was used for evaluation. <br /> * '''Subcategorization acquistion''': semantically similar verbs are similar in terms of subcategorization frames. The task is to use any available method for disambiguating verb senses, so that the results can then be fed into automatic methods used for acquiring subcategorization frames, with the hypothesis that the disambiguation will cluster the instances.<br /> * '''Semantic role labeling''': identifying and labeling constituents of sentences with their semantic roles. The basic task began with attempts to replicate FrameNet data, specifically frame elements. This task has expanded to inferring and developing new frames and frame elements, in individual sentences and in full running texts, with identification of intersentential links and coreference chains. New tasks focus on extraction of spatial information from natural language (spatial role labeling) and the utility of semantic dependency parsing in semantic role labeling.<br /> * '''[[Semantic relation identification]]''': examining relations between lexical items in a sentence. The task, given a sample of semantic relation types, is to identify and classify semantic relations between nominals (i.e., nouns and base noun phrases, excluding named entities); a main purpose of this task is to assess different classification methods. Another task is, given a sentence and two tagged nominals, to predict the relation between those nominals and the direction of the relation. New tasks seek to measure the relational similarity between pairs of words, to extract drug-drug interactions from biomedical texts, and to develop methods in causal reasoning.<br /> * '''Metonymy resolution''': the figurative substitution of an attribute of a name for the thing specified. The task is a lexical sample task (1) to classify preselected expressions of a particular semantic class (such as country names) as having a literal or a metonymic reading, and if so, (2) to identify a further specification into prespecified metonymic patterns (such as place-for-event or company-for-stock) or, alternatively, recognition as an innovative reading. A second task is to identify when the arguments of a specified predicate does not satisfy selectional restrictions, and if not, to identify both the type mismatch and the type shift (coercion).<br /> * '''Temporal information processing''': the temporal location and order of events in newspaper articles, narratives, and similar texts. The task is to identify the events described in a text and locate these in time, i.e., identification of temporal referring expressions, events and temporal relations within a text. A further task requires systems to recognize which of a fixed set of temporal relations holds between (a) events and time expressions within the same sentence (b) events and the document creation time (c) main events in consecutive sentences, and (d) two events where one syntactically dominates the other.<br /> * '''Coreference resolution''': detection and resolution of coreferences. The task is to detect full coreference chains, composed by named entities, pronouns, and full noun phrases and to resolve pronouns, i.e., finding their antecedents.<br /> * '''Sentiment analysis''': emotion annotation, polarity orientation labeling. The task is to classify the titles of newspaper articles with the appropriate emotion label and/or with a valence indication (positive/negative), given a set of predefined six emotion labels (i.e., Anger, Disgust, Fear, Joy, Sadness, Surprise). A new task is to examine polarity in Twitter.<br /> This list is expected to grow as the field progresses.<br /> <br /> Some tasks are closely related to each other. For instance, word sense disambiguation (monolingual, multi-lingual and cross-lingual), word sense induction task, lexical substitution, subcategorization acquisition and evaluation of lexical resources are all related to word senses.<br /> <br /> ==Organization==<br /> <br /> [http://www.clres.com/siglex.html SIGLEX, the ACL Special Interest Group on the Lexicon] is the umbrella organization for the SemEval semantic evaluations and the SENSEVAL word-sense evaluation exercises. [http://www.senseval.org/ SENSEVAL] is the home page for SENSEVAL 1-3. Each exercise is usually organized by two individuals, who make the call for tasks and handle the overall administration. Within the general guidelines, each task is then organized and run by individuals or groups.<br /> <br /> ==SemEval on Wikipedia==<br /> <br /> On [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia], a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SemEval SemEval] page had been created and it is calling for contributions and suggestions on how to improve the Wikipedia page and to further the understanding of computational semantics.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> * [[Semantics]]<br /> * [[Computational Semantics]]<br /> * [[Statistical Semantics]]<br /> * [[Semantics software for English]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:SemEval Portal]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Suggestions&diff=9466 2012-06-25T09:44:07Z

<p>Creek: /* Suggestions */</p> <hr /> <div>== Suggestions ==<br /> <br /> * The Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC has exhibits that support many fields of scholarship and science, but there is nothing to support language, linguistics, and computational linguistics. How are tomorrow's youth to be inspired to pursue a career in language sciences when it is so hard to see both how fascinating the world's languages are and how modern computational linguistics is making contributions to the understanding and use of language via computer. There are obvious parties that could be brought together to realize such a project, from the government funders interested in promoting interest in foreign languages through the corporations interested in showing off hardware and technology performing language processing tasks. Could the ACL perhaps be the mediator bringing these groups together to see if an exhibit on languages, linguistics and computation could be created? (Robert A. Amsler, May 23, 2008)<br /> <br /> * The pricing model of ACL meeting registration fees is complicated. To encourage participation in the whole event it penalizes participants who are only interested in a single workshop. It is also difficult to enforce payment. I suggest a simpler model, based on a per-day fee. An example would be $200 for the tutorial day, $120 for a main conference day, $100 for a workshops day. Participants should be able to freely move from one workshop to another. Payment could be easily controlled by color-coding name tags with different colors for each day of the conference. (Shuly Wintner, May 23, 2008)<br /> <br /> * The capacity for individuals to pursue research in NLP often depends on access to annotated corpora, but this is difficult for isolated researchers, especially those at small institutions or based in countries with weak currencies. Could ACL mediate access to a selection of standard non-free corpora, perhaps via a special membership status? (Steven Bird, May 23, 2008)<br /> <br /> * Effective teaching of CL is difficult given diverse student backgrounds and the complex resource requirements. Evidence for what methods work in which contexts is largely anecdotal. The ACL could commission a working group to make a more systematic study of CL pedagogy, and prepare a report comparable to the one that exists for Computer Science education [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet] (Steven Bird, May 23, 2008)<br /> <br /> * I would suggest that ACL conferences adopt an author response phase during reviewing where authors can see initial reviews and post a short response to correct errors and misunderstandings in the reviews before a final decision is made. Author response is now widely used in many related conferences such as AAAI, ICML, and NIPS, where as an author and a reviewer I have found it to be a valuable addition to improving the reviewing process. Many members of the SIGDAT board have recently suggested it be established for EMNLP-08. (Ray Mooney, May 19, 2008)<br /> <br /> * ACL should start giving more space (back?) to models that incorporate linguistic insights, and to work in areas such as discourse and dialogue, where the issue of evaluation can only rarely be answered by reporting results on available corpora. Linguistic insights are sometimes valuable even if they don't improve performance. In discourse/ dialogue / NLG, meaningful available corpora are rare, even if one wanted to use them for evaluation. Evaluation of such work can be carried out from many different points of view, foremost among those, IMO, user evaluations. (Barbara Di Eugenio, May 19, 2008)<br /> <br /> * The ACL Anthology should be augmented to contain the complete back issues of &quot;the Finite String&quot; from Vol. 1, No. 1 (Jan., 1964). The issues contained in J79 (the microfiche issues, starting with Vol. 11) should be separately pointed to from a new &quot;the Finite String&quot; identification line. I've many of the paper copies and can scan them for ACL. (Robert A. Amsler, May 14, 2008)<br /> ** Robert Amsler has helped immensely in creating a good solid list of the Finite String newsletter. We're incorporating his suggestions for the Anthology and look forward to the scans! (Min-Yen Kan, July 1, 2008 acting as ACL Anthology Editor)<br /> <br /> * In recognition of the amount of effort they have put in organizing their workshop, workshop chairs should not have to pay registration fees to attend their own workshop (Dragomir Radev, May 1, 2008)<br /> <br /> * Authors of papers should, wherever feasible, include in their papers a URL from which source code and/or data relevant to their papers can be downloaded (Dragomir Radev, May 1, 2008)<br /> <br /> * It would be nice if part of the waived &quot;student volunteer&quot; package at least included tutorials (which are of big interest to junior students), if not also workshops. (Hal Daume III, May 14, 2007)<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> <br /> * Progress on the ideas proposed in 2007 (an open access journal, a video archive, and the extension of the ACL anthology) will be reported on at the 2008 ACL business meeting.<br /> <br /> * Suggestions entered before May 31, 2008, will be considered for discussion at the ACL business meeting at ACL 2008<br /> <br /> * Suggestions entered after May 31, 2008, will be considered for ACL 2009</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=SemEval_3&diff=9465 2012-06-25T09:31:28Z

<p>Creek: /* Current */</p> <hr /> <div>== Current ==<br /> <br /> We are now referring to each [[SemEval Portal|SemEval]] by year instead of by number:<br /> <br /> * [[SemEval-2012]]<br /> * [[SemEval-2013]]<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> <br /> == Archival ==<br /> <br /> * [http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/semeval/ SemEval 3 Website]<br /> * [http://groups.google.com/group/semeval3 SemEval 3 Group]<br /> * [[Draft Schedule for SemEval 3]]<br /> * [[SemEval 2012 versus 2013]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:SemEval Portal]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=SemEval_2012_versus_2013&diff=9464 2012-06-25T09:30:43Z

<p>Creek: /* Reasons for 2013 */</p> <hr /> <div>__FORCETOC__<br /> So far, SemEval has been organised in a 3 year cycle. However, many participants feel that this is a long wait. Many other shared tasks such as CoNLL and RTE run annually. For this reason we are giving the opportunity for task organisers to choose between a 2 year or a 3 year cycle. Task proposers will be asked to vote for the date of SemEval-3 and choose amongst:<br /> <br /> * 2012 - ACL<br /> * 2013 - NAACL<br /> * 2013 - ACL<br /> <br /> Related links:<br /> <br /> * [[SemEval 3]]<br /> * [[Draft Schedule for SemEval 3]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Votes ==<br /> <br /> '''Deadline for votes:''' November 22, 2010<br /> <br /> ''Increment the numbers below according to your preference.''<br /> <br /> '''For 2012:''' 3<br /> <br /> '''For 2013:''' 9<br /> <br /> : '''For 2013 NAACL:''' 0<br /> : '''For 2013 ACL:''' 0<br /> <br /> == Reasons for 2012 ==<br /> <br /> We still have almost 2 years! If its after 3 years, we probably won't be doing anything in the first year anyway. Hence, I vote for 2012. &lt;br&gt;<br /> --<br /> Naushad UzZaman, University of Rochester (TempEval-2 participant and TempEval-3 co-organizer)<br /> <br /> == Reasons for 2013 ==<br /> <br /> I understand that some participants are eager to run in yet another &quot;competition&quot; sooner rather than later. This is no reason to believe that squeezing the cycle into two years serves a useful purpose. My perspective is that of an organizer. A new task requires much thought and even more legwork. An old task merely repeated is not worth the bytes its data sit in. There must be new elements. To reuse the old data is easier said than done. I could share our experience with tasks 4 (2007) and 8 (2010). There was a markedly higher effort in 2009-2010 than any of us had initially thought. If the community goes with the idea of a common annotation style, well, that alone requires a deeper reflection.<br /> <br /> I could go on, but you may already be bored. Let me just make a social observation. What we do is not a spat, a fisticuff or a race. It is a shared evaluation exercise. That many people treat is as a fight is painfully obvious. i suspect that it is not uncommon for someone to use the scores -- especially a showing close to the top -- as an argument in grant applications or requests for promotion. A stimulating intellectual challenge turns into (excusez le mot) a pissing contest. Naturally, it is better to have more chances to win that medal.<br /> <br /> I propose to keep the usual pace. A three-year cycle has worked well. It allows organizers to do their work carefully and thoughtfully, without overstraining themselves. Those who run annual events probably survive only because innovation is very incremental. <br /> <br /> --<br /> Stan Szpakowicz, PhD, Professor<br /> SITE, Computer Science, University of Ottawa<br /> <br /> -------------------------------------------------------<br /> As a task organiser from 2007 (task 10) and 2010 (task 2) I concur with Stan's sentiments. It does all depend on the thought that is required for the new approach/annotation and how much time the organisers have to spare. Another argument for a longer cycle is that it gives some time for analysis of the previous data before implementing the new ideas. I do agree with Suresh and Deniz (the current SemEval co-chairs) that the decision should rest with those who are willing to organise the tasks.<br /> <br /> --<br /> Diana McCarthy, (co-) Director<br /> Lexical Computing Ltd., Brighton UK<br /> <br /> ---------------------------------------------------------<br /> <br /> As of the date of this posting (Oct 28, 2010), I would note that about 6? months has already passed since the results were submitted in the last SemEval. I think there is some argument for allowing ourselves a bit of breathing room, and also time to reflect on what happened last time before moving on to the next round.<br /> <br /> I particularly like the idea of having a workshop of some kind about one year after the conclusion of a SemEval to allow for more detailed discussion of what happened last time around, and might help to avoid too much repetition in tasks and also provide a nice opportunity for a more in depth discussion of lessons learned. Given that, I tend to prefer a 3 year window (particularly if this enables a lessons learned style workshop after 1 year). There was, for example, an ACL 2002 workshop after Senseval-2 (2001) that focused on &quot;Recent Successes and Future Directions&quot; and featured some papers that did a bit more analysis of results, etc. than is normally possible right after the event. I couldn't find the call for this event, but you can see the proceedings here :<br /> <br /> http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/W/W02/#0800<br /> <br /> I'd also be concerned that a 2 year window this time around might not be sustainable, and so we'd end up fluctuating a bit on the interval as the years go by. I think having it generally understood that SemEval will happen every 3 years is nice in that folks can generally plan on it. This can be helpful when working with or planning to work with students or others on a fixed time interval.<br /> <br /> Ted Pedersen<br /> <br /> http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse<br /> <br /> task participant 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010 and task organizer 2004<br /> <br /> ------------------------------------------------------------<br /> <br /> In my opinion, *before* one can design a proposal, one needs to know the timeline in advance: is it 2-year or 3-year?<br /> <br /> One could plan a task very differently for a 2-year and for a 3-year cycle:<br /> (a) For a 2-year cycle, given the rush, there would be a tendency to repeat an old task with some minor changes, which is of questionable utility.<br /> (b) For a 3-year cycle, one could think of something really new and interesting; this would require a careful task design (which involves much discussions and fighting), for which one month would not be enough.<br /> <br /> ---<br /> Preslav Nakov, Ph.D.<br /> National University of Singapore<br /> http://nakov.eu<br /> <br /> ---------------------------------------------------------<br /> <br /> As a co-organiser of two Semeval-2007 tasks I can say that you need to a) carefully think about what to do next (you want your task to allow for something new), b) choose the dataset(s), c) build an annotation interface, d) annotate, e) think about how to evaluate and prepare an evaluation software. Especially point (a) needs time, so devising a new task that it not derivative takes time and thinking. Also, I agree that analyzing the results of previous tasks and meeting to talk about that is an important step before developing new tasks and ideas. So, if it wasn't clear before :-), I am all for Semeval 2013!<br /> <br /> ---<br /> Roberto Navigli<br /> SAPIENZA Universita' di Roma<br /> http://www.dsi.uniroma1.it/~navigli<br /> <br /> ------------------------------------------------------------<br /> <br /> I have been participating in Senseval/Semeval since the beginning, as a participant and as an organizer. I have two major points to make: <br /> (1) As currently envisaged, the identification of a task occurs in the mind of a single individual or small coordinated group. As a result, the task is somewhat random. This year's organizers have made the strong point about combining tasks, so as to have several subtasks that have some coherence. I would suggest that we all need some overall coherence about outstanding semantic evaluation issues, with the hope that the tasks and subtasks are homing in on those problems. I made a start on this with a quick grouping of task types at [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]. I would like to encourage people to exapnd on this grouping with a greater identification of issues. This might facilitate the development of future tasks.<br /> (2) With the given structure, a task is defined and then somewhat cast in concrete. As both a participant and an organizer, this results in a major difficulty that the task can't evolve and play out. As an organizer, I've found it necessary to have some back and forth before the final form of a task is crystallized. As a participant, it takes some time to play around with trial data and to wrap oneself around the task. The FrameNet linking task in SemEval-2010 is a case in point. It was sufficiently complex that many of those with an initial interest ended up not participating and the original task was subdivided into a couple of smaller tasks. So, what I'm suggesting is that potential organizers throw out an initial, rough conceptualization with some trial data and that the task not be locked down without a full airing of potential issues and refinements. I don't think it's necessary to have a lot of time between the availability of the training data and submission of results (5 months). Once you're pretty sure that you can get the kind of results you want, it's just a matter of making the final run.<br /> <br /> Ken Litkowski<br /> CL Research <br /> http://www.clres.com<br /> <br /> [[Category:SemEval Portal]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Semantics_software_for_English&diff=9463 2012-06-25T09:29:27Z

<p>Creek: </p> <hr /> <div>'''[[Tools and Software]] - Semantics'''<br /> <br /> For languages other than English, see [[List of resources by language]].<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Please keep this list in alphabetical order --&gt;<br /> *[http://svn.ask.it.usyd.edu.au/trac/candc/wiki Boxer] - wide-coverage semantics based on DRT (Discourse Representation Theory)<br /> *[http://www.yorku.ca/jmason/asdindex.htm/ CardWorld1] is an example of English-language understanding with non-trivial syntax, semantics and pragmatics. <br /> *[http://sws.clearforest.com/blog ClearForest Semantic Web Service (API) ]<br /> *[http://www.blackburnbos.org CURT] - Software from the Blackburn &amp; Bos (2005) book: model checking, lambda calculus, underspecification, tableau inference, interfaces to theorem provers and model builders, and CURT itself. <br /> *[http://www.intellexer.com/ Intellexer - Natural Language Searching Technologies]<br /> *[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/lambda Lambda Calculator] - pedagogical software for lambda calculus and formal semantics in the style of the Heim &amp; Kratzer (1998) textbook<br /> *[http://nltk.org NLTK semantics] - Python libraries for lambda calculus, first order model checking, DRT, glue semantics, a tableau theorem prover and interfaces to external inference programs (Prover9, Mace4)<br /> *[http://www.semantilog.org/pypes.html PyPES] - [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]library for scoping, FOL translation, inferencing with the ERG (English Resource Grammar)<br /> *[http://opencog.org/wiki/RelEx RelEx] - English-language semantic relationship extractor. Provides framing/grounding also, as well as tagging of various sorts. Open source, Java, Apache license.<br /> *[http://senseclusters.sourceforge.net/ SenseClusters]<br /> *[http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/ucrel/usas/ UCREL] - Semantic Analysis System<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/projects/chorus/utool/ utool] The Swiss Army Knife of Underspecification<br /> *[http://www.wikimeta.org Wikimeta] is an API service based, establishing for a named entity a link to the LinkedData Netork. It can be used trough an on-line web form and as a web service.<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Please keep this list in alphabetical order --&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Semantics]]<br /> [[Category:Software]]<br /> [[Category:Resources for English]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=SAT_Analogy_Questions_(State_of_the_art)&diff=9462 2012-06-25T09:28:29Z

<p>Creek: /* Explanation of table */</p> <hr /> <div>* SAT = Scholastic Aptitude Test<br /> * 374 multiple-choice analogy questions; 5 choices per question<br /> * SAT questions collected by [http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~mlittman/ Michael Littman], available on request from [http://www.apperceptual.com/ Peter Turney]<br /> * introduced in Turney et al. (2003) as a way of evaluating algorithms for measuring relational similarity<br /> <br /> <br /> == Sample question ==<br /> <br /> ::{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; <br /> |-<br /> ! Stem:<br /> |<br /> | mason:stone<br /> |-<br /> ! Choices:<br /> | (a)<br /> | teacher:chalk<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> | (b)<br /> | carpenter:wood<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> | (c)<br /> | soldier:gun<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> | (d)<br /> | photograph:camera<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> | (e)<br /> | book:word<br /> |-<br /> ! Solution:<br /> | (b)<br /> | carpenter:wood<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Table of results == <br /> <br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Algorithm<br /> ! Reference for algorithm<br /> ! Reference for experiment<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Correct<br /> ! 95% confidence<br /> |-<br /> | Random<br /> | Random guessing<br /> | 1 / 5 = 20.0%<br /> | Random<br /> | 20.0%<br /> | 16.1-24.5%<br /> |-<br /> | JC<br /> | Jiang and Conrath (1997)<br /> | Turney (2006b)<br /> | Hybrid<br /> | 27.3%<br /> | 23.1-32.4%<br /> |-<br /> | LIN<br /> | Lin (1998)<br /> | Turney (2006b)<br /> | Hybrid<br /> | 27.3%<br /> | 23.1-32.4%<br /> |-<br /> | LC<br /> | Leacock and Chodrow (1998)<br /> | Turney (2006b)<br /> | Lexicon-based<br /> | 31.3%<br /> | 26.9-36.5%<br /> |-<br /> | HSO<br /> | Hirst and St.-Onge (1998)<br /> | Turney (2006b)<br /> | Lexicon-based<br /> | 32.1%<br /> | 27.6-37.4%<br /> |-<br /> | RES<br /> | Resnik (1995)<br /> | Turney (2006b)<br /> | Hybrid<br /> | 33.2%<br /> | 28.7-38.5%<br /> |-<br /> | PMI-IR<br /> | Turney (2001)<br /> | Turney (2006b)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 35.0%<br /> | 30.2-40.1%<br /> |-<br /> | LSA+Predication<br /> | Mangalath et al. (2004)<br /> | Mangalath et al. (2004)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 42.0%<br /> | 37.2-47.4%<br /> |-<br /> | KNOW-BEST<br /> | Veale (2004)<br /> | Veale (2004)<br /> | Lexicon-based<br /> | 43.0%<br /> | 38.0-48.2%<br /> |-<br /> | ''k''-means<br /> | Bicici and Yuret (2006)<br /> | Bicici and Yuret (2006)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 44.0%<br /> | 39.0-49.3%<br /> |-<br /> | BagPack<br /> | Herdağdelen and Baroni (2009)<br /> | Herdağdelen and Baroni (2009)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 44.1%<br /> | 39.0-49.3%<br /> |-<br /> | VSM<br /> | Turney and Littman (2005)<br /> | Turney and Littman (2005)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 47.1%<br /> | 42.2-52.5%<br /> |-<br /> | BMI<br /> | Bollegala et al. (2009)<br /> | Bollegala et al. (2009)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 51.1%<br /> | 46.1-56.5%<br /> |-<br /> | PairClass<br /> | Turney (2008)<br /> | Turney (2008)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 52.1%<br /> | 46.9-57.3%<br /> |-<br /> | PERT<br /> | Turney (2006a)<br /> | Turney (2006a)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 53.5%<br /> | 48.5-58.9%<br /> |-<br /> | LRA<br /> | Turney (2006b)<br /> | Turney (2006b)<br /> | Corpus-based<br /> | 56.1%<br /> | 51.0–61.2%<br /> |-<br /> | Human<br /> | Average US college applicant<br /> | Turney and Littman (2005)<br /> | Human<br /> | 57.0%<br /> | 52.0-62.3%<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Explanation of table ==<br /> <br /> * '''Algorithm''' = name of algorithm<br /> * '''Reference for algorithm''' = where to find out more about given algorithm<br /> * '''Reference for experiment''' = where to find out more about evaluation of given algorithm with SAT questions <br /> * '''Type''' = general type of algorithm: corpus-based, lexicon-based, hybrid<br /> * '''Correct''' = percent of 374 questions that given algorithm answered correctly<br /> * '''95% confidence''' = confidence interval calculated using [http://www.quantitativeskills.com/sisa/statistics/onemean.htm Binomial Exact Test]<br /> * table rows sorted in order of increasing percent correct<br /> * several WordNet-based similarity measures are implemented in [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]'s [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet] package<br /> * KNOW-BEST = KNOWledge-Based Entertainment and Scholastic Testing<br /> * VSM = Vector Space Model<br /> * LRA = Latent Relational Analysis<br /> * PERT = Pertinence<br /> * PMI-IR = Pointwise Mutual Information - Information Retrieval<br /> * LSA+Predication = Latent Semantic Analysis + Predication<br /> * BagPack = Bag of words representation of Paired concept knowledge<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Bicici, E., and Yuret, D. (2006). [http://www.denizyuret.com/pub/tainn-06/LAWSQ-LNCS.pdf Clustering word pairs to answer analogy questions]. ''Proceedings of the Fifteenth Turkish Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks (TAINN 2006)''. <br /> <br /> Bollegala D., Matsuo Y., and Ishizuka M. (2009). [http://www2009.org/proceedings/pdf/p651.pdf Measuring the similarity between implicit semantic relations from the web]. ''Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on World Wide Web'', ACM, pages 651–660. <br /> <br /> Herdağdelen A. and Baroni M. (2009) [http://clic.cimec.unitn.it/marco/publications/gems-09/herdagdelen-baroni-gems09.pdf BagPack: A general framework to represent semantic relations]. ''Proceedings of the EACL 2009 Geometrical Models for Natural Language Semantics (GEMS) Workshop'', East Stroudsburg PA: ACL, 33-40.<br /> <br /> Hirst, G., and St-Onge, D. (1998). [http://mirror.eacoss.org/documentation/ITLibrary/IRIS/Data/1997/Hirst/Lexical/1997-Hirst-Lexical.pdf Lexical chains as representation of context for the detection and correction of malapropisms]. In C. Fellbaum (ed.), ''WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database''. Cambridge: MIT Press, 305-332.<br /> <br /> Jiang, J.J., and Conrath, D.W. (1997). [http://wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de/~sbordag/aalw05/Referate/03_Assoziationen_BudanitskyResnik/Jiang_Conrath_97.pdf Semantic similarity based on corpus statistics and lexical taxonomy]. ''Proceedings of the International Conference on Research in Computational Linguistics'', Taiwan.<br /> <br /> Leacock, C., and Chodorow, M. (1998). Combining local context and WordNet similarity for word sense identification. In C. Fellbaum (ed.), ''WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database''. Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 265-283.<br /> <br /> Lin, D. (1998). [http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~lindek/papers/sim.pdf An information-theoretic definition of similarity]. ''Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-98)'', Madison, WI, pp. 296-304.<br /> <br /> Mangalath, P., Quesada, J., and Kintsch, W. (2004). [http://www.josequesada.name/papers/Mangalath-Quesada-2004-analogyPredicationCogSciPoster1.pdf Analogy-making as predication using relational information and LSA vectors]. In K.D. Forbus, D. Gentner &amp; T. Regier (Eds.), ''Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society''. Chicago: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.<br /> <br /> Resnik, P. (1995). [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/resnik95using.html Using information content to evaluate semantic similarity]. ''Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95)'', Montreal, pp. 448-453.<br /> <br /> Turney, P.D., Littman, M.L., Bigham, J., and Shnayder, V. (2003). [http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.CL/0309035 Combining independent modules to solve multiple-choice synonym and analogy problems]. ''Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP-03)'', Borovets, Bulgaria, pp. 482-489.<br /> <br /> Turney, P.D., and Littman, M.L. (2005). [http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.LG/0508103 Corpus-based learning of analogies and semantic relations]. ''Machine Learning'', 60 (1-3), 251-278.<br /> <br /> Turney, P.D. (2001). [http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.LG/0212033 Mining the Web for synonyms: PMI-IR versus LSA on TOEFL]. ''Proceedings of the Twelfth European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML-2001)'', Freiburg, Germany, pp. 491-502.<br /> <br /> Turney, P.D. (2006a). [http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.CL/0607120 Expressing implicit semantic relations without supervision]. ''Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Coling/ACL-06)'', Sydney, Australia, pp. 313-320.<br /> <br /> Turney, P.D. (2006b). [http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.CL/0608100 Similarity of semantic relations]. ''Computational Linguistics'', 32 (3), 379-416.<br /> <br /> Turney, P.D. (2008). [http://arxiv.org/abs/0809.0124 A uniform approach to analogies, synonyms, antonyms, and associations]. ''Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)'', Manchester, UK, pp. 905-912.<br /> <br /> Veale, T. (2004). [http://afflatus.ucd.ie/Papers/ecai2004.pdf WordNet sits the SAT: A knowledge-based approach to lexical analogy]. ''Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2004)'', pp. 606–612, Valencia, Spain.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Semantic relation identification]]<br /> * [[Attributional and Relational Similarity (State of the art)]]<br /> * [[TOEFL Synonym Questions]]<br /> * [[State of the art]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:State of the art]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=RTE_Knowledge_Resources&diff=9461 2012-06-25T09:27:11Z

<p>Creek: /* Publicly available Resources */</p> <hr /> <div>Knowledge resources have shown their relevance for applied semantic inference, and are extensively used by applied inference systems, such as those developed within the Textual Entailment framework.&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> This page presents a list of the knowledge resources used by systems that have participated in the last RTE challenges. The first table lists the publicly available resources, the second one lists unpublished resources. Both tables are sortable by Resource name, type, author and number of users.&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> RTE Participants are encouraged to add information about all kind of knowledge resources used, from standard existing resources (e.g. WordNet) to knowledge collections created for specific purposes, which can be made available to the community.&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> __TOC__<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> === Call for Resources ===<br /> <br /> In order to help the research, all the participants are invited to contribute, sharing their own resources with the RTE community. <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Making the resources available to be used by other systems has several advantages. On the one hand, it helps improve the TE technology; on the other hand, it offers an opportunity to further test and evaluate the resource.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> *[[RTE6 - Call for Resources]]<br /> *[[RTE7 - Call for Resources]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> === Ablation Tests ===<br /> An ablation test consists of removing one module at a time from a system, and rerunning the system on the test set with the other modules, except the one tested. <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Ablation test are meant to help better understand the relevance of the knowledge resources used by RTE systems, and evaluate the contribution of each of them to the systems' performances. In fact, comparing the results achieved in the ablation tests to those obtained by the systems as a whole allows assessing the contribution given by each single resource.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> *[[RTE5 - Ablation Tests]]<br /> *[[RTE6 - Ablation Tests]]<br /> *[[RTE7 - Ablation Tests]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> === Publicly available Resources ===<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#CDCDCD&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;80&quot;|Resource<br /> ! width=&quot;50&quot;|Type<br /> ! width=&quot;150&quot;|Author<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; width=&quot;300&quot;|Brief description<br /> ! width=&quot;45&quot;|&lt;small&gt;PAST Users &lt;ref name:&quot;rtethree&quot;&gt;RTE-3 data have been provided by participants by means of a questionnaire.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! width=&quot;45&quot;|&lt;small&gt;RTE4 Users&lt;ref name:&quot;rtefour&quot;&gt;RTE-4 data have been provided by participants and have been integrated with information extracted from the related proceedings.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! width=&quot;45&quot;|&lt;small&gt;RTE5 Users&lt;ref name:&quot;rtefive&quot;&gt;RTE-5 data have been provided by participants and have been integrated with information extracted from the related proceedings.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! width=&quot;45&quot;|&lt;small&gt;RTE6 Users&lt;ref name:&quot;rtesix&quot;&gt;RTE-6 data have been provided by participants and have been integrated with information extracted from the related proceedings.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; width=&quot;30&quot;|&lt;small&gt;Usage info&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [[WordNet]]<br /> | Lexical DB<br /> | Princeton University<br /> | Lexical database of English nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|3<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|21<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|18<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 22<br /> | [[WordNet - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://xwn.hlt.utdallas.edu/index.html eXtended Wordnet]<br /> | Lexical DB<br /> | Human Language Technology Research Institute, University of Texas at Dallas<br /> | Extension of WordNet based on the exploitation of the information contained in WordNet definitional glosses: the glosses are syntactically parsed, transformed into logic forms and content words are semantically disambiguated. The Extended Wordnet is an ongoing project. <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|2<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[eXtended WordNet - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://ai.stanford.edu/~rion/swn/ Augmented Wordnet]<br /> | Lexical DB<br /> | Stanford University<br /> | The resource is the result of the application of a learning algorithm for inducing semantic taxonomies from parsed text. The algorithm automatically acquires items of world knowledge, and uses these to produce significantly enhanced versions of WordNet (up to 40,000 synsets more).<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Augmented Wordnet - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://verbs.colorado.edu/~mpalmer/projects/verbnet.html Verbnet]<br /> | Lexical DB<br /> | University of Colorado Boulder<br /> | Lexicon for English verbs organized into classes extending Levin (1993) classes through refinement and addition of subclasses to achieve syntactic and semantic coherence among members of a class<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Verbnet - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [[VerbOcean]]<br /> | Lexical DB<br /> | Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California<br /> | Broad-coverage semantic network of verbs<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|3<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|6<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 7<br /> | [[VerbOcean - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu/ FrameNet]<br /> | Lexical DB<br /> | ICSI (International Computer Science Institute) - Berkley University<br /> | Lexical resource for English words, based on frame semantics (valences) and supported by corpus evidence<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|2<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 3<br /> | [[Framenet - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/meyers/NomBank.html NomBank]<br /> | Lexical DB<br /> | New York University<br /> | Lexical resource containing syntactic frames for nouns, extracted from annotated corpora <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[NomBank Resource - RTE Users|Users]] <br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://verbs.colorado.edu/~mpalmer/projects/ace.html PropBank]<br /> | Lexical DB<br /> | University of Colorado Boulder <br /> | Lexical resource containing syntactic frames for verbs, extracted from annotated corpora <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[PropBank Resource - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/nomlex/index.html Nomlex] Plus<br /> | Lexical DB<br /> | New York University<br /> | Dictionary of English nominalizations: it describes the allowed complements for a nominalization and relates the nominal complements to the arguments of the corresponding verb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Nomlex Plus - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~lindek/downloads.htm Dekang Lin’s Thesaurus]<br /> | Thesaurus<br /> | University of Alberta<br /> | Thesaurus automatically constructed using a parsed corpus, based on distributional similarity scores<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 2<br /> | [[Dekang Lin’s Thesaurus - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://icon.shef.ac.uk/Moby/mthes.html Grady Ward's Moby Thesaurus]<br /> | Thesaurus<br /> | University of Sheffield<br /> | Thesaurus containing 30,260 root words, with 2,520,264 synonyms and related terms. Grady Ward placed this thesaurus in the public domain in 1996.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Grady Ward's Moby Thesaurus - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roget%27s_Thesaurus Roget's Thesaurus]<br /> | Thesaurus<br /> | Peter Mark Roget (Electronic version distributed by University of Chicago)<br /> | Roget's Thesaurus is a widely-used English thesaurus, created by Dr. Peter Mark Roget in 1805. The original edition had 15,000 words, and each new edition has been larger. The electronic edition ([http://machaut.uchicago.edu/rogets version 1.02]) is made available by University of Chicago.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Roget's Thesaurus - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://www.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia]<br /> | Encyclopedia<br /> | <br /> | Free encyclopedia. Used for extraction of lexical-semantic rules (from its more structured parts), named entity recognition, geographical information etc.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|3<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|6<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 6<br /> | [[Wikipedia - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://www.umbel.org/ Umbel]<br /> | Ontology<br /> | Structured Dynamics LLC, Coralville, IA<br /> | UMBEL stands for Upper Mapping and Binding Exchange Layer and is a lightweight ontology structure for relating Web content and data to a standard set of subject concepts<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Umbel - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/yago-naga/yago/ YAGO]<br /> | Ontology<br /> | Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany<br /> | Light-weight and extensible ontology. It contains more than 2 million entities and 20 million facts about these entities. The facts have been automatically extracted from Wikipedia and unified with WordNet.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[YAGO - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://dbpedia.org/About DBpedia]<br /> | Ontology<br /> | Open community project<br /> | DBpedia is a community effort to extract structured information from Wikipedia and to make this information available on the Web. The DBpedia knowledge base currently describes more than 2.9 million things in 91 different languages and consists of 479 million pieces of information.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[DBpedia - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [[DIRT Paraphrase Collection]]<br /> | Collection of paraphrases<br /> | University of Alberta<br /> | DIRT (Discovery of Inference Rules from Text) is both an algorithm and a resulting knowledge collection. The DIRT knowledge collection is the output of the DIRT algorithm over a 1GB set of newspaper text.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|4<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|3<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 4<br /> | [[DIRT Paraphrase Collection - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [[TEASE]] Collection<br /> | Collection of Entailment Rules<br /> | Bar-Ilan University<br /> | Output of the TEASE algorithm <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Tease Collection - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/help/abbrevs.html BADC Acronym and Abbreviation List]<br /> | Word List<br /> | BADC (British Atmospheric Data Centre)<br /> | Acronym and Abbreviation List<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[BADC Acronym and Abbreviation List - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://clipdemos.umiacs.umd.edu/catvar/ Catvar The Categorial Variation Database (English)]<br /> | Word List<br /> | University of Maryland<br /> | A Categorial-Variation Database (or Catvar) is a database of clusters of uninflected words (lexemes) and their categorial (i.e. part-of-speech) variants. The database was developed for English using a combination of resources and algorithms, including the LCS Verb and Preposition Databases (Dorr 2001), the Brown Corpus section of the Penn Treebank (Marcus et al. 1994), an English morphological analysis lexicon developed for PC-Kimmo (ENGLEX) (Antworth 1990), WordNet1.6 (Fellbaum 1998), an English Verb-Noun list extracted from Nomlex (Macleod et al. 1998), a similar list extracted from LDOCE (Procter 1978) and the Porter stemmer (Porter 1980).<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1<br /> | [[Categorial-Variation Database - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://www.acronym-guide.com/ Acronym Guide]<br /> | Word List<br /> | Acronym-Guide.com <br /> | Acronym and Abbreviation Lists for English, branched in thematic directories <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|3<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Acronym Guide - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/CatalogEntry.jsp?catalogId=LDC2006T13 Web1T 5-grams]<br /> | Word list<br /> | Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania; Google Inc.<br /> | Data set containing English word n-grams and their observed frequency counts. The n-gram counts were generated from approximately 1 trillion word tokens of text from publicly accessible Web pages<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Web1T - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/%7Erwang/resources/RTE3_RTE4_NGD.zip Normalized Google Distance (RTE3&amp;RTE4)]<br /> | Word Pair Co-occurrence<br /> | Saarland University<br /> | Co-occurrence of the word pairs in RTE3 and RTE4 using Normalized Google Distance (Cilibrasi and Vitanyi, 2004). The word pairs are all the possible combinations of content words in T and H. In practice, we used [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo] as the search engine.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Normalized Google Distance (RTE3&amp;RTE4)- RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/%7Erwang/resources/RTE5_NGD.zip Normalized Google Distance (RTE5)]<br /> | Word Pair Co-occurrence<br /> | Saarland University<br /> | Co-occurrence of the word pairs in RTE3 and RTE4 using Normalized Google Distance (Cilibrasi and Vitanyi, 2004). The word pairs are all the possible combinations of content words in T and H. In practice, we used [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet] as the search engine.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Normalized Google Distance (RTE5)- RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://geonames.usgs.gov/index.html GNIS - Geographic Names Information System]<br /> | Gazetteer<br /> | USGS (United States Geological Survey)<br /> | Database containing the Federal and national standard toponyms for USA, associated areas and Antarctica<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[GNIS - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://www.geonames.org/ Geonames]<br /> | Gazetteer<br /> | <br /> | Database containing eight million geographical names. It is integrating geographical data such as names of places in various languages, elevation, population and others from various sources.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Geonames - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/paraphrase/ Sekine's Paraphrase Database]<br /> | Collection of paraphrases<br /> | Department of Computer Science, New York University <br /> | Data-base created using Sekine's method, NOT cleaned up by human. It includes 19,975 sets of paraphrases with 191,572 phrases.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Sekine's Paraphrase Database - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/Details/607D14D9-20CD-47E3-85BC-A2F65CD28042/Details.aspx Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus]<br /> | Collection of paraphrases<br /> | Microsoft Research<br /> | Text file containing 5800 pairs of sentences which have been extracted from news sources on the web, along with human annotations indicating whether each pair captures a paraphrase/semantic equivalence relationship.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~cristian/Without_a_doubt_-_Data.html Downward entailing operators] <br /> | Collection of entailing operators<br /> | Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca NY<br /> | System output of an unsupervised algorithm recovering many Downward Entailing operators, like 'doubt'.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[Downward entailing operators - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> |[http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~nlp/downloads/WikiRules.html WikiRules!]<br /> | Lexical Reference rule-base<br /> | Bar-Ilan University<br /> | Extraction of about 8 million lexical reference rules from the text body (first sentence) and from metadata (links, redirects, parentheses) of Wikipedia. Provides better performance than other automatically constructed resources and comparable performance to WordNet. Offers complementary knowledge to WordNet. <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[WikiRules! - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> |[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/pclark/dart/ DART]<br /> | Collection of &quot;world knowledge&quot; propositions<br /> | Boeing Research and Technology<br /> | 23 million tuples such as &quot;airplanes can fly to airports&quot;, &quot;rivers can flood&quot; collected from abstracted parse trees.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[DART - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> |[http://cs.biu.ac.il/~nlp/downloads/FRED.html FRED]<br /> | FrameNet-derived entailment rule-base<br /> | Bar-Ilan University<br /> | This package contains the outputs of the FRED algorithm which extracts entailment rules from FrameNet.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[FRED - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> |[http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~nlp/downloads/DIRECT.html DIRECT]<br /> | Directional Distributional Term-Similarity Resource<br /> | Bar-Ilan University<br /> | This is a resource of directional distributional term-similarity rules (mostly lexical entailment rules) automatically extracted using the inclusion relation as described in (Kotlerman et.al., ACL-09).<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[DIRECT - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> |[http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~nlp/downloads/binaryDirt.html binaryDIRT]<br /> | Entailment rules between binary templates using DIRT algorithm<br /> | Bar-Ilan University<br /> | This resource contains entailment rules over binary templates learned over the Reuters corpus using<br /> the DIRT algorithm of Lin and Pantel.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[BinaryDIRT- RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> |[http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~nlp/downloads/unaryBInc.html unaryBInc]<br /> | Entailment rules between unary templates using BInc algorithm<br /> | Bar-Ilan University<br /> | This resource contains entailment rules over unary templates learned over the Reuters corpus using<br /> the BInc algorithm of Szpektor and Dagan (2008).<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | [[unaryBInc- RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | ''New resource''<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | ''Participants are encouraged to contribute''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| <br /> | [[New Resource2 - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> === Not available Resources ===<br /> The following table lists the unpublished resources used by RTE participants. Some of them have been developed by Users themselves specifically for RTE. Interested people may turn to authors to obtain further information.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#CDCDCD&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;80&quot;|Resource<br /> ! width=&quot;50&quot;|Type<br /> ! width=&quot;180&quot;|Author<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; width=&quot;500&quot;|Brief description<br /> ! width=&quot;30&quot;|&lt;small&gt;PAST Users&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! width=&quot;30&quot;|&lt;small&gt;RTE4 Users&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! width=&quot;30&quot;|&lt;small&gt;RTE5 Users&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! width=&quot;30&quot;|&lt;small&gt;RTE6 Users&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; width=&quot;30&quot;|&lt;small&gt;Usage info&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | [http://www.parc.com/ PARC] Polarity Lexicon<br /> | Lexical DB<br /> | PARC - Palo Alto Research Center<br /> | Verbs classification with respect to semantic polarity<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | [[Parc Polarity Lexicon - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Gazetteer from [http://trec.nist.gov/ TREC]<br /> | Gazetteer<br /> | NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology<br /> | Cities and other geographical names<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | [[Gazetteer from TREC - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | DFKI Geographic Ontology&lt;br&gt;''(to be released)''<br /> | Ontology<br /> | DFKI - German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence<br /> | Ontology containing geographic terms and two kinds of relations: the directional ''part-of'' relation, and the ''equal'' relation for synonyms and abbreviations of the same geographic area (e.g ''the United Kingdom'', ''the UK'', ''Great Britain'', etc.) <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | [[Geographic Ontology - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | ''Geo''<br /> | Collection of Entailment Rules<br /> | Bar-Ilan University; Tel-Aviv University<br /> | Meronymy entailment rules, based on TREC’s TIPSTER gazetteer.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | [[Geo - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | ''Regex''<br /> | Collection of Entailment rules <br /> | Bar-Ilan University; Tel-Aviv University<br /> | Small set of entailment rules based on regular expressions, intended to address lexical variability involving temporal phrases<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | [[Regex - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Syntactic rule base &lt;br&gt;''(to be released)''<br /> | Collection of Entailment Rules<br /> | Bar-Ilan University; Tel-Aviv University<br /> | A manually-composed collection of entailment rules which define parse tree transformations. The rules cover generic syntactic phenomena such as appositions, conjunctions, passive, relative clause, etc. (Bar-Haim et al., AAAI-07) <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | [[Syntactic rule base - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Polarity rule base &lt;br&gt;''(to be released)''<br /> | Collection of Entailment Rules<br /> | Bar-Ilan University; Tel-Aviv University<br /> | A manually-composed collection of entailment rules which detect predicates whose polarity is negative (e.g. didn't dance) or unknown (e.g. plans to dance). The rules capture diverse phenomena that affect polarity, e.g. verbal negation, modal verbs, conditionals, and certain verbs that induce negative or &quot;unknown&quot; polarity context. The latter were taken mainly from VerbNet. Extends a resource described in (Bar-Haim et al., AAAI-07) <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0 <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | [[Polarity rule base - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Lexical-Syntactic rule base<br /> | Collection of Entailment Rules<br /> | Bar-Ilan University; Tel-Aviv University<br /> | Extract lexical-syntactic entailment rules for predicates (verbal and nominal), including argument mapping. The resource is based on WordNet, Nomlex-Plus and Unary DIRT (Szpektor and Dagan, Coling 08)<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | [[Lexical-Syntactic rule base - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | OPENU Collection<br /> | Collection of Entailment Rules and Patterns<br /> | Open University<br /> | Collections of rules, patterns etc. for RTE purpose, extracted from Reuter corpus parsed using Minipar.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0 <br /> | [[OPENU Collection - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | ''Abbr''<br /> | Collection of rules for abbreviation<br /> | Bar-Ilan University; Tel-Aviv University<br /> | 2000 Abbreviation rules, extracted from [http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/help/abbrevs.html BADC] and [http://www.acronym-guide.com/ Acronym Guide]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | [[Abbr - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | UAIC Negation_list<br /> | Negation rules<br /> | „Al. I. Cuza“ University, Iasi, Romania <br /> | List of negative terms and words (verbs, adjectives, nouns) affecting modality or factuality of a infinitive verb preceded by the particle &quot;to&quot; (e.g. &quot;believe&quot;,&quot;necessary&quot;, &quot;attempt&quot;)<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1 <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | [[UAIC Negation_list - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | DLSIUAES Negation_list<br /> | List of negative terms<br /> | University of Alicante<br /> | Basic list of negative terms.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0 <br /> | [[DLSIUAES Negation_list - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | UAIC Quantifier_list<br /> | List of quantifiers<br /> | „Al. I. Cuza“ University, Iasi, Romania <br /> | List of quantifiers affecting entailment judgment. The quantifiers are taken from a list which contains expressions like “more than”, “less than”, or words such as “over”, “under”, etc.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0 <br /> | [[UAIC Quantifier_list - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | FBKirst StopWord list<br /> | List of frequent words<br /> | FBK-Irst;&lt;br/&gt;University of Trento - Italy <br /> | A list of the 572 most frequent English words.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0 <br /> | [[FBKirst StopWord list - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | IKOMA Dictionary of Named Entities Acronyms and Synonyms<br /> | Dictionary of Named Entities Acronyms and Synonyms<br /> | IKOMA; NEC Corporation, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan<br /> | Acronym dictionary constructed automatically from the corpus and a synonym dictionary that contains geographical terms.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1<br /> | [[IKOMA2 - RTE Users|Users]]<br /> <br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Footnotes==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> Return to: [[Textual_Entailment_Resource_Pool]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=RTE6_-_Ablation_Tests&diff=9460 2012-06-25T09:22:04Z

<p>Creek: </p> <hr /> <div>The following table lists the results of the ablation tests submitted by participants to RTE6 .&lt;br&gt;<br /> The exploratory effort started in RTE5 as a mandatory track, was not only reiterated in RTE6, but also extended to tools.<br /> The first column contains the specific resources which have been ablated.&lt;br&gt;The second column lists the Team Run in the form ''[name_of_the_Team][number_of_the_submitted_run].[submission_task]'' (e.g. BIU1.2way, Boeing3.3way).&lt;br&gt;The third column presents the [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]normalized difference between the accuracy of the complete system run and the accuracy of the ablation run (i.e. the output of the complete system without the ablated resource), showing the impact of the resource on the performance of the system.&lt;br&gt;<br /> The fourth column contains a brief description of the specific usage of the resource. It is based on the information provided both in the &quot;readme&quot; files submitted together with the ablation tests and in the system reports published in the RTE6 proceedings.&lt;br&gt;<br /> If the ablated resource is highlighted in yellow, it is a tool, otherwise is a knowledge resource.&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Participants are kindly invited to check if all the inserted information is correct and complete.<br /> <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#CDCDCD&quot;<br /> ! Ablated Component<br /> ! Ablation Run&lt;ref&gt;For further information about participants, click here: [[RTE Challenges - Data about participants]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! &lt;small&gt;Resource impact - F1 &lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! Resource Usage Description<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | BIU1_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.9<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| No Word-Net. On Dev set: 39.18% (compared to 40.73% when WN is used)<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | CatVar<br /> | BIU1_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.63<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| No CatVar. On Dev set achieved about 40.20% (compared to 40.73% when CatVar is used)<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFF&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Coreference resolver<br /> | BIU1_abl-3<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.88<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| No coreference resolver<br /> On Dev set 41.62% (Compared to 40.73% when Coreference resolver is used).<br /> This ablation test is an unusual ablation test, since it shows that the co-reference resolution component has a negative impact.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | DIRT<br /> | Boeing1_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 3.97<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| DIRT removed<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | Boeing1_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 4.42<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| No WordNet<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFF&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Name Normalization<br /> | budapestcad2_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.65<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| no name normalization was performed (e.g. George W. Bush -&gt; Bush).<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFF&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Named Entities Recognition<br /> | budapestcad2_abl-3<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -1.23<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| no NER<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | budapestcad2_abl-4<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -1.11<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| No WordNet. (In the original run, WordNet was used to find the synonyms of words in the triplets, and additional triplets were generated from all possible combinations.)<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | deb_iitb1_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 8.68<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Wordnet is albated in this test.No change of code required only wordnet module is removed while matching.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | VerbOcean<br /> | deb_iitb1_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.87<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| VerbOcean is albated in this test.No change of code required only VerbOcean module is removed while matching.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | deb_iitb2_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 7.9<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Wordnet is albated in this test.No change of code required only wordnet module is removed while matching.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | VerbOcean<br /> | deb_iitb2_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.94<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| VerbOcean is albated in this test.No change of code required only VerbOcean module is removed while matching.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | deb_iitb3_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 11.43<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Wordnet is albated in this test. No change of code required only wordnet module is removed while matching.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | deb_iitb3_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 2.54<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| VerbOcean is albated in this test.No change of code required only VerbOcean module is removed while matching.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFF&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | POS-Tagger<br /> | DFKI1_abl-4<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 4.99<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| No wordform/POS-tags included for the comparison.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFF&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | POS-Tagger<br /> | DFKI1_abl-6<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 2.22<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| No named entity recognition for the comparison.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | DFKI1_abl-7<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.23<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| No WordNet similarity for the comparison.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFF&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Coreference resolver<br /> | DFKI1_Main<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -1.54<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Coreference resolution used for the comparison.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | DirRelCond23_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 8.43<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| WordNet removed. Only basic word comparison used instead of word relations.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Wikipedia<br /> | FBK_irst3_Main<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -23.91<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| This run is produced by the system configuration for run3 and uses rules extracted from Wikipedia<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Wikipedia<br /> | FBK_irst3_Main<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -3.58<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| This run is produced by the system configuration for run3 and uses rules extracted from Wikipedia with probability above 0.7<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Proximity similarity dictionary of Dekang Lin<br /> | FBK_irst3_Main<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -7.79<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| This run is produced by the system configuration for run3 and uses rules extracted from proximity similarity dictionary of Dekang Lin<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | FBK_irst3_Main<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -3.21<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| This run is produced by the system configuration for run3 and uses rules extracted from WordNet<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | FBK_irst3_Main<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -2.08<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| This run is produced by the system configuration for run3 and uses rules extracted from WordNet with probability above 0.7<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | VerbOcean<br /> | FBK_irst3_Main<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -4<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| This run is produced by the system configuration for run3 and uses rules extracted from Verbocean<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Dependency similarity dictionary of Dekang Lin<br /> | FBK_irst3_Main<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -13.56<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| This run is produced by the system configuration for run3 and uses rules extracted from dependency similarity dictionary of Dekang Lin<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Dictionary of Named Entities Acronyms and Synonyms <br /> | IKOMA2_abl-3<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.76<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Remove synonym dictionaries: as acronym dictionary constructed automatically from the corpus and a synonym dictionary that contains geographical terms.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | JU_CSE_TAC1_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 13.29<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| The Run-1 is based on the composition of lexical based RTE methods and Syntactic RTE Method. The lexical based RTE methods are: WordNet based unigram match, bigram match, longest common sub-sequence, skip-gram and stemming. Here we ablated the WordNet based unigram match only.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | JU_CSE_TAC2_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 10.19<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| The Run-2 is based on the composition of lexical based RTE methods, Syntactic RTE Method, Chunk and Named Entity Methods. The lexical based RTE methods are: WordNet based unigram match, bigram match, longest common sub-sequence, skip-gram and stemming. Here we ablated the WordNet based unigram match only.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | JU_CSE_TAC3_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 3.86<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| The Run-3 is based on the Support Vector Machine that uses twenty five features for lexical similarity, the output tag from a rule based syntactic two-way TE system as feature, and output from a rule based Chunk Module and Named Entity Module. The important lexical features that are used in the present system are: WordNet based unigram match, bigram match, longest common sub-sequence, skip-gram, stemming and lexical distance (17 features). Here we ablated the WordNet based unigram match only.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFF&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | LingPipe co-reference<br /> | PKUTM2_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Lingpipe co-reference are removed, the experiment was based on named-entity, wordnet, verbocean<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | VerbOcean<br /> | PKUTM2_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.02<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Verbocean are removed, the experiment was based on named-entity, wordnet, co-reference<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFF&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | LingPipe Named Entities<br /> | PKUTM2_abl-3<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 13.84<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Lingpipe named-entity are removed, the experiment was based on wordnet, co-reference, verbocean<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | saicnlp1_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.02<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Ablation run, with WordNet stubbed.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFF&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Shalmaneser Parser<br /> | Sangyan1_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -1.76<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| This ablation run was executed with the Shalmaneser parser ablated from our system. Our system uses the Shalmaneser Parser for Framenet frame assignment.<br /> Our system required minor tweaking of the source code in order ablate Shalmaneser Parser.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | Sangyan1_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.39<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| This ablation run was executed with the WordNet ablated from our system. Our system uses the Wordnet for Word mathcing.<br /> Our system required minor tweaking of the source code in order ablate Wordnet.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | VerbOcean<br /> | Sangyan1_abl-3<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.07<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| This ablation run was executed with the Verb Ocean ablated from our system. Our system uses the Verb Ocean resource for detection of antonyms. Our system required minor tweaking of the source code in order ablate Verb Ocean resource.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFF&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Named Entities Recognition<br /> | SINAI1_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 7.62<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Only PPVs on WN 1.7<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Wordnet<br /> | SINAI1_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 15.87<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Only NEs on WN 1.7<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFF&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Named Entities Recognition<br /> | SINAI2_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 20.25<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Only PPVs on WN 3.0<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Wordnet<br /> | SINAI2_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 18.28<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Only NEs on WN 3.0<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Wordnet<br /> | SJTU_CIT3_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.03<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| The resource that has been ablated is WordNet.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Wikipedia<br /> | SJTU_CIT3_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 4.7<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| The resource that has been ablated is Wikipedia.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | VerbOcean<br /> | SJTU_CIT3_abl-3<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -1.15<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| The resource that has been ablated is VerbOcean.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Wikipedia<br /> | UAIC20101_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.93<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Run 1 with no BK<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | DIRT<br /> | UAIC20101_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -1.56<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Run 1 without DIRT.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Wikipedia<br /> | UAIC20102_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.08<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Run 2 with no BK<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | DIRT<br /> | UAIC20102_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.72<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Run 2 without DIRT.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Wikipedia<br /> | UAIC20103_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.3<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Run 3 with no BK<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | DIRT<br /> | UAIC20103_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.98<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Run 3 without DIRT.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | UB.dmirg1_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.7<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| WordNet has been removed. No system changes required.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Framenet<br /> | UB.dmirg1_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| FrameNet has been removed. No system changes required.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | UB.dmirg2_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.6<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| WordNet has been removed. No system changes required.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Framenet<br /> | UB.dmirg2_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -1.84<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| FrameNet has been removed. No system changes required.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | UB.dmirg3_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.78<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| WordNet has been removed. No system changes required.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Framenet<br /> | UB.dmirg3_abl-2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -1.81<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| FrameNet has been removed. No system changes required.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | UIUC1_abl-1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -3.07<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| Abalation 1 - Removed wordnet (No locations and no synset expansion for non-entity terms). Threshold tuned on development collection to achieve similar precision and recall as Run 1.<br /> <br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ==Footnotes==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> Return to [[RTE Knowledge Resources]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=RTE5_-_Ablation_Tests&diff=9459 2012-06-25T09:20:57Z

<p>Creek: </p> <hr /> <div>The following table lists the results of the ablation tests submitted by participants, which have been introduced as a mandatory track in the RTE5 campaign.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> The first column contains the specific resources which have been ablated.&lt;br&gt;The second column lists the Team Run in the form ''[name_of_the_Team][number_of_the_submitted_run].[submission_task]'' (e.g. BIU1.2way, Boeing3.3way).&lt;br&gt;The third and fourth columns present the normalized difference between the accuracy of the complete system run and the accuracy of the ablation run (i.e. the output of the complete system without the ablated resource), showing the impact of the resource on the performance of the system. The third refers to the score obtained in the 2-way task, the fourth to that obtained in the 3-way task. For all the runs submitted as 3-way, also the 2-way derived accuracy has been calculated.&lt;br&gt;<br /> Finally, the fifth column contains a brief description of the specific usage of the resource. It is based on the information provided both in the &quot;readme&quot; files submitted together with the ablation tests and in the system reports published in the RTE5 proceedings.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Participants are kindly invited to check if all the inserted information is correct and complete.<br /> <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#CDCDCD&quot;<br /> ! Ablated Resource<br /> ! Team Run&lt;ref&gt;For further information about participants, click here: [[RTE Challenges - Data about participants]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! &lt;small&gt;Resource impact - 2way&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! &lt;small&gt;Resource impact - 3way&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! Resource Usage Description<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Acronym guide<br /> | Siel_093.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | The acronyms are expanded using the acronym database, so the acronyms are also matched with the expanded acronyms, and entailment is predicted accordingly<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Acronym guide + &lt;br&gt;UAIC_Acronym_rules <br /> | UAIC20091.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.16<br /> | We start from acronym-guide, but additional we use a rule that consider for expressions like Xaaaa Ybbbb Zcccc the acronym XYZ, regardless of length of text with this form.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | DIRT<br /> | BIU1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.33<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Inference rules<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | DIRT<br /> | Boeing3.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -1.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | Verb paraphrases<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | DIRT<br /> | UAIC20091.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.33<br /> | We transform text and hypothesis with MINIPAR into dependency trees: use of DIRT relations to map verbs in T with verbs in H<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Framenet+ &lt;br/&gt;WordNet<br /> | DLSIUAES1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.16<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Frame-to-frame similarity metric<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Framenet+ &lt;br/&gt;WordNet<br /> | DLSIUAES1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.17<br /> | Frame-to-frame similarity metric<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Framenet<br /> | UB.dmirg3.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | If two lexical items are covered in a single FrameNet frame, then the two items are treated as semantically related.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Grady Ward’s MOBY Thesaurus + &lt;br&gt;Roget's Thesaurus<br /> | Venses2.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 2.83<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Semantic fields are used as semantic similarity matching, in all cases of non identical lemmas<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | MontyLingua Tool<br /> | Siel_093.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | For the VerbOcean, the verbs have to be in the base form. We used the &quot;MontyLingua&quot; tool to convert the verbs into their base form <br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | NEGATION_rules by UAIC<br /> | UAIC20091.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -1.34<br /> | Negation rules check in the dependency trees on verbs descending branches to see if some categories of words that change the meaning are found.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | NER (RASP Parser nertag)<br /> | JU_CSE_TAC1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Named Entity match: measure based on the number of Nes in the hypothesis that match in the corresponding text. For named entity recognition, the RASP Parser (Briscoe et al., 2006) nertag component has been used.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | NE component<br /> | UI_ccg1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 4.83<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Named Entity recognition/comparison<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | PropBank<br /> | cswhu1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 3.17<br /> | syntactic and semantic parsing<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Stanford NER<br /> | QUANTA1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.67<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | We use Named Entity similarity as a feature<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Stopword list<br /> | FBKirst1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.5<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | A list of the 572 most frequent English words has been collected in order to prevent assigning high costs to the deletion/insertion of terms that are unlikely to bring relevant information to detect entailment,and to avoid substituting these terms with any content word.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Training data from RTE1, 2, 3<br /> | PeMoZa3.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | <br /> <br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Training data from RTE2<br /> | PeMoZa3.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.66<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Training data from RTE2, 3<br /> | PeMoZa3.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | VerbOcean<br /> | DFKI1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.17<br /> | VerbOcean relations are used to calculate relatedness between verbs in T and H<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | VerbOcean<br /> | DFKI2.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.33<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.5<br /> | VerbOcean relations are used to calculate relatedness between verbs in T and H<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | VerbOcean<br /> | DFKI3.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.17<br /> | VerbOcean relations are used to calculate relatedness between verbs in T and H<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | VerbOcean<br /> | FBKirst1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.16<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Extraction of 18232 entailment rules for all the English verbs connected by the ”stronger-than” relation. For instance, if ”kill [stronger-than] injure”, then the rule ”kill ENTAILS injure” is added to the rules repository.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | VerbOcean<br /> | QUANTA1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | We use &quot;opposite-of&quot; relation in VerbOcean as a feature<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | VerbOcean<br /> | Siel_093.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | Similarity/anthonymy/unrelatedness between verbs<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WikiPedia<br /> | BIU1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Lexical rules extracted from Wikipedia definition sentences, title parenthesis, redirect and hyperlink relations<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WikiPedia<br /> | cswhu1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.33<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 3.34<br /> | Lexical semantic rules<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WikiPedia<br /> | FBKirst1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Rules extracted from WP using Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA)<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WikiPedia<br /> | UAIC20091.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.5<br /> | Relations between named entities<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Wikipedia + &lt;br&gt;NER's (LingPipe, GATE) + &lt;br&gt;Perl patterns<br /> | UAIC20091.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 6.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 5<br /> | NE module: NERs, in order to identify Persons, Locations, Jobs, Languages, etc; Perl patterns built by us for RTE4 in order to identify numbers and dates; our own resources extracted from Wikipedia in order to identify a &quot;distance&quot; between one name entity from hypothesis and name entities from text<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | AUEBNLP1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -2.67<br /> | Synonyms<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | BIU1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 2.5<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Synonyms, hyponyms (2 levels away from the original term), hyponym_instance and derivations<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | Boeing3.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 4 <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 5.67<br /> | Wordnet synonyms, hypernyms relationships between (senses of) words, &quot;similar&quot; (SIM), &quot;pertains&quot; (PER), and &quot;derivational&quot; (DER) links to recognize equivalence between T and H <br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | DFKI1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.17 <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | Argument alignment between T and H<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | DFKI2.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.16<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.34<br /> | Argument alignment between T and H<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | DFKI3.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.17<br /> | Argument alignment between T and H<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | DLSIUAES1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.83<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Similarity between lemmata, computed by WordNet-based metrics<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | DLSIUAES1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.5<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.33<br /> | Similarity between lemmata, computed by WordNet-based metrics<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | JU_CSE_TAC1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.34<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | WordNet based Unigram match: if any synset for the H unigram matches with any synset of a word in T then the hypothesis unigram is considered as a WordNet based unigram match. <br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | PeMoZa1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.5<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Derivational Morphology from WordNet<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | PeMoZa1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.33<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Verb Entailment from Wordnet<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | PeMoZa2.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Derivational Morphology from WordNet<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | PeMoZa2.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.33<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Verb Entailment from Wordnet<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | QUANTA1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | We use several relations from wordnet, such as synonyms, hyponym, hypernym et al.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | Rhodes1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 3.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 4<br /> | Lexicon based match: we chose a very simple metric: matching between words in T and H based on a path of distance at most 2 in the WordNet graph, using any links (hyponymy, hypernymy, meronymy, pertainymy, etc.)<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | Sagan1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.83<br /> | The system is based on machine learning approach. The ablation test was obtained with 2 less features using WordNet (namely, string similarity based on Levenshtein distance and semantic similarity) in the training and testing steps.<br /> <br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | Siel_093.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.34<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.17<br /> | Similarity between nouns using WN tool<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | ssl1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.67<br /> | WordNet Analysis<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | UB.dmirg3.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Synonyms, hypernyms (2 levels away from the original term)<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet<br /> | UI_ccg1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 4 <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Word similarity == identity<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet +&lt;br&gt;FrameNet<br /> | UB.dmirg3.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | WN: synonyms, hypernyms (2 levels away from the original term). FN: if two lexical items are covered in a single FrameNet frame, then the two items are treated as semantically related.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet +&lt;br&gt;VerbOcean<br /> | DFKI1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.17<br /> | VerbOcean is used to calculate relatedness between nominal predicates in T and H, after using WordNet to change the nouns into verbs. <br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet +&lt;br&gt;VerbOcean<br /> | DFKI2.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.5<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.67<br /> | VerbOcean is used to calculate relatedness between nominal predicates in T and H, after using WordNet to change the nouns into verbs. <br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet +&lt;br&gt;VerbOcean<br /> | DFKI3.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.17<br /> | VerbOcean is used to calculate relatedness between nominal predicates in T and H, after using WordNet to change the nouns into verbs. <br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet +&lt;br&gt;VerbOcean<br /> | UAIC20091.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.50<br /> | Contradiction identification<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet +&lt;br&gt;VerbOcean + &lt;br&gt;DLSIUAES_negation_list<br /> | DLSIUAES1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.66<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Antonym relations between verbs (VO+WN); polarity based on negation terms (short list constructed by participant themselves)<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet +&lt;br&gt;VerbOcean + &lt;br&gt;DLSIUAES_negation_list<br /> | DLSIUAES1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.5<br /> | Antonym relations between verbs (VO+WN); polarity based on negation terms (short list constructed by participant themselves)<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | WordNet +&lt;br&gt;XWordNet<br /> | UAIC20091.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.33<br /> | Synonymy, hyponymy and hypernymy and eXtended WordNet relation<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | System component<br /> | DirRelCond3.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 4.67<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | The ablation test (abl-1) was meant to test one component of the most complex condition for entailment used in step 3 of the system<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | System component<br /> | DirRelCond3.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -1.5<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | The ablation test (abl-2) was meant to test one component of the most complex condition for entailment used in step 3 of the system<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | System component<br /> | DirRelCond3.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | The ablation test (abl-3) was meant to test one component of the most complex condition for entailment used in step 3 of the system<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | System component<br /> | DirRelCond3.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -1.16<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | The ablation test (abl-4) was meant to test one component of the most complex condition for entailment used in step 3 of the system<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | System component<br /> | DirRelCond3.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 4.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | The ablation test (abl-5) was meant to test one component of the most complex condition for entailment used in step 3 of the system<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | UAIC20091.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 4.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 4<br /> | Pre-processing module, using MINIPAR, TreeTagger tool and some transformations, e.g. ''hasn't'' &gt; ''has not''<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | DLSIUAES1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Everything ablated except lexical-based metrics<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | DLSIUAES1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 3.33<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Everything ablated except semantic-derived inferences<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | DLSIUAES1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.33<br /> | Everything ablated except lexical-based metrics<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | DLSIUAES1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 2.33<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 3.17<br /> | Everything ablated except semantic-derived inferences<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | FBKirst1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 2.84<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | The automatic estimation of operation costs from run-1 modules was removed: the set of costs were assigned manually.<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | JU_CSE_TAC1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Skip bigram match<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | JU_CSE_TAC1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Bigram match<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | JU_CSE_TAC1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.5<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Longest Common Subsequence<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Stemmer<br /> | JU_CSE_TAC1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.5<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Stemming, using WordNet stemmer<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | PeMoZa1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -2.5<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Idf score<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | PeMoZa1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.66<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Proper Noun Levenstain Distance<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | PeMoZa1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.34<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | J&amp;C (Jiang and Conrath, 1997) similarity score on nouns, adjectives <br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | PeMoZa2.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Idf score<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | PeMoZa2.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Proper Noun Levenstain Distance<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | PeMoZa2.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.5<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | J&amp;C (Jiang and Conrath, 1997) similarity score on nouns, adjectives <br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | Rhodes1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| -0.17<br /> | Acronym match: we match words in all caps against sequences of capitalized words whose initial characters concatenate to form the acronym<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | Rhodes1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 3.33<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1.83<br /> | Proper nouns match: exact string match between T and H, for proper nouns<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | Rhodes1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.33<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 0.17<br /> | Numbers match: exact string match between T and H, for numbers<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | Rhodes1.3way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 3.17<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 4<br /> | Edit-distance-based matching: 2 words match if 80% of the letters of a H word occur in one or more adjacent T words in the same order<br /> <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#ECECEC&quot; &quot;align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> | Other<br /> | UI_ccg1.2way<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| &amp;mdash;<br /> | Less sophisticated NE similarity metric: mainly Jaro-Winkler-based<br /> <br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ==Footnotes==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> Return to [[RTE Knowledge Resources]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Resources_for_Turkish&diff=9458 2012-06-25T09:17:17Z

<p>Creek: /* External links */</p> <hr /> <div>==Morphological analysis==<br /> <br /> ===Free software===<br /> * [http://www.let.rug.nl/~coltekin/trmorph/ TRMorph] &quot;is a relatively complete morphological analyzer for Turkish. It is implemented using [[SFST]], and uses a lexicon based on (but heavily modified) the wordlist of [[Zemberek]] spell checker. The morphological analyzer is distributed under the [[GPL]].&quot;<br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Lexical resources==<br /> <br /> * [http://www.tdk.gov.tr Turkish Language Association] <br /> <br /> ==Corpora==<br /> ===Free===<br /> <br /> * [http://www.statmt.org/setimes/ Southeast European Times] (sentence aligned corpus, Albanian, Bulgarian, English, Greek, Macedonian, Romanian, Serbo-Croatian, Turkish &amp;mdash; approximately 4.5 million words per language)<br /> <br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> <br /> *[http://www.ii.metu.edu.tr/~corpus/treebank.html METU-Sabanci Turkish treebank]<br /> * [http://corpora.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/ Turkish plain text and Co-occurrences at LCC]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> * K. Oflazer, &quot;Two-level Description of Turkish Morphology,&quot; Literary and Linguistic Computing, vol. 9, pp. 137-148, 1995. [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/rd/28364199%2C121124%2C1%2C0.25%2CDownload/http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/cache/papers/cs/1850/ftp:zSzzSzftp.cs.bilkent.edu.trzSzpubzSztech-reportszSz1993zSzBU-CEIS-9304.pdf/oflazer93twolevel.pdf Backwards PDF]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.hlst.sabanciuniv.edu Sabancı University Natural Language Processing Tools (Turkish Morphological Analyzer, BalkaNET)]<br /> * [http://ddi.ce.itu.edu.tr Istanbul Technical University Natural Language Processing Research Group]<br /> * [http://nooj4nlp.net/pages/turkish.html NooJ_TR by Mersin University Turkish National Corpus Project Team]<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Resources by language|Tajik]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Resources_for_Persian&diff=9457 2012-06-25T09:15:34Z

<p>Creek: /* Bibliography */</p> <hr /> <div>==Machine translation==<br /> <br /> ===Free resources===<br /> <br /> ===Proprietary resources===<br /> *[http://crl.nmsu.edu/Research/Projects/shiraz/index.html The Shiraz project] (Persian -&gt; English)<br /> *[http://ece.ut.ac.ir/NLP/resources.htm Tehran English-Persian Parallel Corpus] by Mohammad Taher Pilevar, NLP Lab, University of Tehran. For research or non-commercial use.<br /> <br /> ==Morphology tools==<br /> ===Free software===<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/projects/perstem Perstem] - Persian stemmer, light morphological analyzer, and character set converter.<br /> *[http://apertium.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/apertium/incubator/apertium-tg-fa/apertium-tg-fa.fa.dix Morphological dictionary] &amp;mdash; compiled using [[lttoolbox]].<br /> <br /> == Corpora ==<br /> ===Free===<br /> *[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~jonsafari/corpora VOA Persian Corpus 2003-2008] (public domain)<br /> <br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> &lt;!-- Please keep this list in alphabetical order --&gt;<br /> *[http://ece.ut.ac.ir/DBRG/Bijankhan/ Bijankhan corpus] (gratis for research/non-commercial purposes)<br /> *[http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/CatalogEntry.jsp?catalogId=LDC96S50 CALLFRIEND Farsi (speech)], LDC<br /> *[http://ece.ut.ac.ir/dbrg/hamshahri/ Hamshahri corpus] (gratis for research/non-commercial purposes)<br /> *[http://www.elda.org/catalogue/en/speech/S0112.html Persian speech database Farsdat], ELRA<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Parsing==<br /> ===Free resources===<br /> * [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~jonsafari/persianlg/ Persian dictionaries] for the [http://www.abisource.com/projects/link-grammar/ Link-Grammar parser]. By [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~jonsafari/ Jon Dehdari]. These require the Perstem stemming package, above. <br /> <br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> *[http://dadegan.ir/en/persiandependencytreebank Dadegan Dependency Treebank] for research purposes only.<br /> *[http://hpsg.fu-berlin.de/~ghayoomi/PTB.html HPSG Persian Treebank (PerTreeBank)] for academic research purposes only.<br /> *[http://stp.lingfil.uu.se/~mojgan/persian_dependency_treebank.pdf A soon-to-be-released Persian Dependency Treebank], license not specified yet.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> * Dehdari, Jon, and Deryle Lonsdale. 2008. [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~jonsafari/papers/dehdari_lonsdale_2005.pdf A link grammar parser for Persian]. In Karimi, S., Samiian, V., and Stilo, D., editors, ''Aspects of Iranian Linguistics'', volume 1. Cambridge Scholars Press. ISBN: 978-18-471-8639-3 ([http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~jonsafari/bib/dehdarilonsdale2005.bib.txt BIB])<br /> <br /> * Feili, H. and G. Ghassem-Sani (2004) &quot;[http://sharif.edu/~sani/papers/Feili_SaniE2.pdf An Application of Lexicalized Grammars in English-Persian Translation]&quot;. ''Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2004)'', 24-27 Aug. 2004, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, pp. 596-600.<br /> * Megerdoomian, K. (2000) &quot;[http://crl.nmsu.edu/Research/Projects/shiraz/publications/papers/Cicling.pdf Unification-Based Persian Morphology]&quot;. ''Proceedings of CICLing 2000'', Alexander Gelbukh, Center [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]of Investigation on Computation-IPN, Mexico, 2000.<br /> * Megerdoomian, K. (2004) &quot;[http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/coling2004/W5/pdf/W5-7.pdf Finite-State Morphological Analysis of Persian]&quot;. ''COLING 2004 Computational Approaches to Arabic Script-based Languages''. Ali Farghaly and Karine Megerdoomian editors, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004, pgs. 35-41.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Resources for Tajik]]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.iranianlinguistics.org/wiki/index.php?title=Persian Iranian Linguistics: NLP Resources for Persian]<br /> *[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~jonsafari/persian_nlp.html the Jon safari] (link parser, small lexicon, stemmer, morphological analysis tools)<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Resources by language|Persian]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Resources_for_Japanese&diff=9456 2012-06-25T09:13:45Z

<p>Creek: /* Multilingual */</p> <hr /> <div>There is a very good list at Kyoto University: [http://www-lab25.kuee.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NLP_Portal/lr-cat-e.html Catalogue of Language Resources and Tools in Japan]<br /> <br /> ==Corpora==<br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> * [http://corpora.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/ Japanese plain text and Co-occurrences at LCC] (downloadable and web-searchable, but only for non-commercial use)<br /> * [http://www.ninjal.ac.jp/english/products/bccwj/ Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ)] (subset is web searchable at Kotonoha)<br /> <br /> ===Free/Open Licence===<br /> ====Multilingual====<br /> * [http://www.edrdg.org/projects/tanaka/tanakacorpus.html Tanaka Corpus] by Jim Breen, under a CC-BY-SA 3.0 licence<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo] Updated version of the Tanaka Corpus; ≈150,000 sentence pairs (CC-BY)<br /> * [http://alaginrc.nict.go.jp/WikiCorpus/index_E.html Japanese-English Bilingual Corpus of Wikipedia's Kyoto Articles] ≈500,000 pairs of manually-translated sentences (CC-BY 3.0)<br /> * [http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh National Diet Library Subject Headers] Japanese Subject Headers, with paraphrases including English Translations([http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/docs/about-ndlsh#03 non-commercial attribution])<br /> * [http://mastarpj.nict.go.jp/~mutiyama/align/index.html English-Japanese Translation Alignment Data] aligned by [http://mastarpj.nict.go.jp/~mutiyama/ Masao Utiyama] (GFDL, CC-by-nc 1.0)<br /> * [http://nlpwww.nict.go.jp/wn-ja/index.en.html WordNet Definitions and Glosses] ≈180,000 sentence/phrase pairs (WordNet license, similar to BSD)<br /> * [http://www.phontron.com/kftt/#alignments The Kyoto Free Translation Task (KFTT)] by Graham Neubig, 1235 sentences of Japanese-English manually word-aligned<br /> * [http://nlp.ist.i.kyoto-u.ac.jp/EN/index.php?JEC%20Basic%20Sentence%20Data JEC Basic Sentence Data] by Kyoto University: 5,304 basic Japanese sentences based on Kyoto University Case Frame Data, translated in Chinese and English<br /> <br /> ====Monolingual====<br /> * [http://www-lab25.kuee.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NLP_Portal/lr-cat-e.html#jp:knb_corpus Kyoto University and NTT Blog Corpus]<br /> <br /> == Grammars ==<br /> ===Free/Open Licence===<br /> * [http://wiki.delph-in.net/moin/JacyTop Jacy HPSG grammar] MIT Licence<br /> ===Unknown licence===<br /> * [[Generation grammars|KPML generation grammar]] (downloadable)<br /> <br /> ==Dictionaries==<br /> ===Free/Open Licence===<br /> * [http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/edict.html EDICT] Japanese-English dictionary, by Jim Breen, (CC-BY-SA 3.0 licence)<br /> * [http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/enamdict_doc.html ENAMDICT/JMnedict] proper name dictionary, by Jim Breen, (CC-BY-SA 3.0 licence)<br /> * [http://nlpwww.nict.go.jp/wn-ja/index.en.html Japanese version of WordNet] by NICT, (WordNet license, like BSD)<br /> <br /> ===Unknown licence===<br /> * [http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/afaq/jitadoushi.html List of Japanese transitive/intransitive verb pairs] (dead link?)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Resources by language|Japanese]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Resources_for_Italian&diff=9455 2012-06-25T09:12:48Z

<p>Creek: /* POS taggers */</p> <hr /> <div>== Tools for Italian ==<br /> <br /> === Tokenisers ===<br /> * [http://tcc.itc.it/projects/textpro/index.php TextPro] <br /> <br /> === POS taggers ===<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo] <br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> <br /> ===Morphology===<br /> ====Free software====<br /> * [http://sslmitdev-online.sslmit.unibo.it/linguistics/morph-it.php Morph-It! version 0.47] - a free morphological resource for the Italian language, includes [[SFST]] sources. [[LGPL]] license.<br /> <br /> ====Unknown license====<br /> * [http://archivium.biz/ dic_it: il Verbiario] - a morphological analizer and verb coniugator for Italian verbs (web interface only?)<br /> <br /> === Named Entity Recognisers ===<br /> * [http://tcc.itc.it/projects/ontotext/entitypro.html EntityPro]<br /> <br /> === Temporal Expressions ===<br /> * [http://tcc.itc.it/projects/ontotext/ita-chronos.html ITA-Chronos]<br /> <br /> === Parsers ===<br /> * [http://ai-nlp.info.uniroma2.it/external/chaosproject/ Chaos] - Robust syntactic parser for Italian and for English<br /> <br /> === Generators ===<br /> * [http://tcc.itc.it/projects/xig/index.html XIG] - Interchange to Italian Generator<br /> <br /> == Resources for Italian ==<br /> <br /> === Corpora ===<br /> &lt;!-- Please keep this list in alphabetical order --&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://www.istc.cnr.it/material/database/colfis/ ColFIS Corpus e Lessico di Frequenza dell'Italiano Scritto]<br /> * [http://corpus.cilta.unibo.it:8080/coris_ita.html Corpus di Italiano Scritto contemporaneo (CORIS/CODIS)]<br /> * [http://corpora.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/ Italian plain text and Co-occurrences at LCC]<br /> * [http://languageserver.uni-graz.at/badip/badip/20_corpusLip.php LIP - Lessico di frequenza dell'Italiano Parlato - Access via BADIP]<br /> * [http://multisemcor.itc.it/ MultiSemCor] - English/Italian parallel corpus<br /> * [http://www.uni-duisburg.de/Fak2/FremdPhil/Romanistik/Personal/Burr/humcomp/ Oxford Text Archive Corpus of Italian Newspapers]<br /> * [http://tlio.ovi.cnr.it/TLIO/ Tesoro della lingua italiana delle origini (TLIO)]<br /> <br /> === Tagsets ===<br /> * [http://tcc.itc.it/projects/textpro/index.php LemmaPro] - Italian POS tagset for LemmaPro<br /> <br /> === Treebanks ===<br /> * [http://catalog.elra.info/retd/product_info.phpproducts_id=879&amp;osCsid=0cef41a96779ef79b67c71bbf35e6eaa ISST] - Italian Syntactic-Semantic Treebank<br /> * [http://www.di.unito.it/~tutreeb/ TUT] - Turin University Treebank<br /> * [http://157.138.41.87/HTMLipar/indexparsing_a.htm VIT] - Venice Italian Treebank<br /> <br /> === WordNets ===<br /> * [http://www.elda.fr/ EuroWordNet]<br /> * [http://multiwordnet.itc.it/english/home.php MultiWordNet] - a multilingual lexical database in which the Italian WordNet is strictly aligned with Princeton WordNet 1.6<br /> <br /> === Lexicons ===<br /> * [http://www.ilc.cnr.it/clips/PSC_decription.htm PAROLE-SIMPLE-CLIPS] - a four-layered, general purpose computational lexicon<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> * [http://evalita.itc.it/ Evalita] - Evaluation of NLP tools for Italian<br /> <br /> [[Category:Resources by language|Italian]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Resources_for_Greek&diff=9454 2012-06-25T09:11:55Z

<p>Creek: /* Free */</p> <hr /> <div>==Corpora==<br /> <br /> ===Free===<br /> <br /> * [http://www.statmt.org/setimes/ Southeast European Times] (sentence aligned corpus, Albanian, Bulgarian, English, Greek, Macedonian, Romanian, Serbo-Croatian, Turkish &amp;mdash; approximately 4.5 million words per language)<br /> <br /> ==Machine translation systems==<br /> <br /> ===Free software===<br /> <br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> <br /> ==Named entity recognition==<br /> <br /> ===Free===<br /> <br /> * [http://www.aueb.gr/users/ion/software/GREEK_NERC_v2.tar.gz Greek named entity recognizer (version 2)] Currently identifies temporal expressions, person names, and organization names. See [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo] for publications describing the recognizer. (GPL)<br /> <br /> ==Natural language generation==<br /> <br /> ===Free===<br /> <br /> * [http://www.aueb.gr/users/ion/software/NaturalOWL1.1.tar.gz NaturalOWL (version 1.1)] Generates Greek and English descriptions of entities and classes from OWL ontologies that have been annotated with linguistic and user modeling resources in RDF. It can also be used as a [http://protege.stanford.edu/ Protégé] plug-in. See [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet] for publications describing NaturalOWL. (GPL)<br /> <br /> ==Part-of-speech (POS) tagging==<br /> <br /> ===Free===<br /> <br /> * [http://nlp.cs.aueb.gr/software_and_datasets/AUEB_Greek_POS_tagger.tar.gz Greek POS tagger] Attempts to automatically determine the part of speech (e.g., noun, adjective, verb, etc.) of each word occurrence in Greek texts. It can also tag (with lower accuracy) each word occurrence with additional information, such as the gender, number, and case of each noun, the voice, tense, and number of each verb etc. (GPL)<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> <br /> * D. Galanis and I. Androutsopoulos, &quot;Generating Multilingual Descriptions from Linguistically Annotated OWL Ontologies: the NaturalOWL System&quot;. In ''Proceedings of the 11th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation'' (ENLG 2007), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, pp. 143-146, 2007.<br /> * G. Lucarelli and I. Androutsopoulos, &quot;A Greek Named-Entity Recognizer that Uses Support Vector Machines and Active Learning&quot;. In ''Proceedings of the 4th Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence'' (SETN 2006), Heraklion, Greece, 2006.<br /> * G. Lucarelli, X. Vasilakos and I. Androutsopoulos, &quot;Named Entity Recognition in Greek Texts with an Ensemble of SVMs and Active Learning&quot;. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools, 16(6):1015-1045, World Scientific, 2007. <br /> * G. Petasis, V. Karkaletsis, D. Farmakiotou, G. Samaritakis, I. Androutsopoulos, C. D. Spyropoulos, &quot;A Greek Morphological Lexicon and its Exploitation by a Greek Controlled Language Checker&quot;. In ''Proceedings of the 8th Panhellenic Conference on Informatics'', 8 - 10 November 2001, Nicosia, Cyprus.<br /> * G. Petasis, G. Paliouras, V. Karkaletsis, C.D. Spyropoulos and I. Androutsopoulos, &quot;Resolving Part-of-Speech Ambiguity in the Greek Language Using Learning Techniques&quot;. In Fakotakis, N. et al. (Eds.), ''Machine Learning in Human Language Technology'' (Proceedings of the ACAI Workshop), pp. 29-34, Chania, Greece, 1999.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.iit.demokritos.gr/skel/eetn/en/HLTL.html Hellenic Language Technology List] - Greek NLP and speech processing mailing list<br /> <br /> [[Category:Resources by language|Greek]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Resources_for_Greek&diff=9453 2012-06-25T09:11:35Z

<p>Creek: /* Free */</p> <hr /> <div>==Corpora==<br /> <br /> ===Free===<br /> <br /> * [http://www.statmt.org/setimes/ Southeast European Times] (sentence aligned corpus, Albanian, Bulgarian, English, Greek, Macedonian, Romanian, Serbo-Croatian, Turkish &amp;mdash; approximately 4.5 million words per language)<br /> <br /> ==Machine translation systems==<br /> <br /> ===Free software===<br /> <br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> <br /> ==Named entity recognition==<br /> <br /> ===Free===<br /> <br /> * [http://www.aueb.gr/users/ion/software/GREEK_NERC_v2.tar.gz Greek named entity recognizer (version 2)] Currently identifies temporal expressions, person names, and organization names. See [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo] for publications describing the recognizer. (GPL)<br /> <br /> ==Natural language generation==<br /> <br /> ===Free===<br /> <br /> * [http://www.aueb.gr/users/ion/software/NaturalOWL1.1.tar.gz NaturalOWL (version 1.1)] Generates Greek and English descriptions of entities and classes from OWL ontologies that have been annotated with linguistic and user modeling resources in RDF. It can also be used as a [http://protege.stanford.edu/ Protégé] plug-in. See [http://www.aueb.gr/users/ion/publications.html here] for publications describing NaturalOWL. (GPL)<br /> <br /> ==Part-of-speech (POS) tagging==<br /> <br /> ===Free===<br /> <br /> * [http://nlp.cs.aueb.gr/software_and_datasets/AUEB_Greek_POS_tagger.tar.gz Greek POS tagger] Attempts to automatically determine the part of speech (e.g., noun, adjective, verb, etc.) of each word occurrence in Greek texts. It can also tag (with lower accuracy) each word occurrence with additional information, such as the gender, number, and case of each noun, the voice, tense, and number of each verb etc. (GPL)<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> <br /> * D. Galanis and I. Androutsopoulos, &quot;Generating Multilingual Descriptions from Linguistically Annotated OWL Ontologies: the NaturalOWL System&quot;. In ''Proceedings of the 11th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation'' (ENLG 2007), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, pp. 143-146, 2007.<br /> * G. Lucarelli and I. Androutsopoulos, &quot;A Greek Named-Entity Recognizer that Uses Support Vector Machines and Active Learning&quot;. In ''Proceedings of the 4th Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence'' (SETN 2006), Heraklion, Greece, 2006.<br /> * G. Lucarelli, X. Vasilakos and I. Androutsopoulos, &quot;Named Entity Recognition in Greek Texts with an Ensemble of SVMs and Active Learning&quot;. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools, 16(6):1015-1045, World Scientific, 2007. <br /> * G. Petasis, V. Karkaletsis, D. Farmakiotou, G. Samaritakis, I. Androutsopoulos, C. D. Spyropoulos, &quot;A Greek Morphological Lexicon and its Exploitation by a Greek Controlled Language Checker&quot;. In ''Proceedings of the 8th Panhellenic Conference on Informatics'', 8 - 10 November 2001, Nicosia, Cyprus.<br /> * G. Petasis, G. Paliouras, V. Karkaletsis, C.D. Spyropoulos and I. Androutsopoulos, &quot;Resolving Part-of-Speech Ambiguity in the Greek Language Using Learning Techniques&quot;. In Fakotakis, N. et al. (Eds.), ''Machine Learning in Human Language Technology'' (Proceedings of the ACAI Workshop), pp. 29-34, Chania, Greece, 1999.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.iit.demokritos.gr/skel/eetn/en/HLTL.html Hellenic Language Technology List] - Greek NLP and speech processing mailing list<br /> <br /> [[Category:Resources by language|Greek]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Resources_for_German&diff=9452 2012-06-25T09:10:43Z

<p>Creek: /* Timeline Analysis */</p> <hr /> <div>==Corpora==<br /> ===Free software===<br /> * [http://www.computing.dcu.ie/~ygraham/software.html RIA Open Source Rule Induction Tool] includes an LFG-parsed German-English phrase-aligned parallel corpus, a subset of the EuroParl corpus (4000 sentences for each language, the tool at least is LGPL)<br /> <br /> ===Unknown license===<br /> &lt;!-- Please keep this list in alphabetical order --&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://www.phonetik.uni-muenchen.de/Bas/BasKorporaeng.html Bavarian Archive for Speech Signals Corpora]<br /> * [http://corpora.ids-mannheim.de/~cosmas/ COSMAS II]<br /> * [http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/tc/CQP.html Experimental Corpus Query System (University of Stuttgart, Germany)]<br /> * [http://www.wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de/ German plain text and Co-occurrences at LCC]<br /> * [http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/sfb378/negra-corpus/negra-corpus.html NEGRA Corpus]<br /> * [http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/TIGER/TIGERCorpus/ TIGER treebank]<br /> * [http://www.sfs.uni-tuebingen.de/en_tuebadz.shtml Tübingen Treebank of Written German (TüBa-D/Z)]<br /> * [http://www.sfs.uni-tuebingen.de/en_tuebads.shtml Tübingen Treebank of Spoken German (TüBa-D/S, aka Verbmobil treebank)]<br /> * [http://www.sfs.uni-tuebingen.de/en_tuepp.shtml Tübingen Partially Parsed Corpus of Written German (TüPP-D/Z)]<br /> * [http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~gparis/LMD-TAZ_corpus/ Le Monde Diplomatique-Die Tageszeitung Translation Corpus] - French-German, aligned (parallel)<br /> <br /> ==Evaluation datasets==<br /> * [http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/data/semRelDatasets Semantic relatedness evaluation]<br /> <br /> == Grammars ==<br /> * [[Generation grammars|KPML generation grammar]]<br /> <br /> == Morphological analsis ==<br /> === Free software ===<br /> * [https://code.google.com/p/morphisto/ Morphisto], based on [[SMOR]], is an [[SFST]]-based analyser and generator for German. (The morphology is GPLv2, but the lexicon is proprietary/non-commercial: CC-BY-SA-NC v3)<br /> <br /> ==Lexicons==<br /> ===Free software===<br /> * [http://www-user.tu-chemnitz.de/~fri/ding/ DING] - German-English Dictionary with approximately 253,000 entries (GPL 2 or later).<br /> <br /> ===Proprietary/gratis===<br /> * [http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/tcl/RESOURCES/German-Lexicon-en.html Lexical information for German] (&quot;The data is freely available for education, research and other '''non-commercial''' purposes.&quot;)<br /> * [http://www.canoo.net/ Canoo.net] - German Dictionaries and Grammars<br /> <br /> ===Unknown license===<br /> * [http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/IMSLex/ IMSLex German Lexicon] (no license information, but only &quot;sample&quot; download)<br /> * [http://www.cl.uzh.ch/CL/siclemat/sprachanalyse/molif/ mOlif morphological analyzer] (broken link)<br /> <br /> ==Resource Access==<br /> * [http://wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de/Webservices/ Web service access to German language statistics]<br /> <br /> ==Timeline Analysis==<br /> * [http://wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de/wort-des-tages/ German Words of the Day]<br /> * [http://www.sfs.uni-tuebingen.de/~lothar/nw/ Wortwarte (selection of German neologisms for each day) ]<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Resources by language|German]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Resources_for_Georgian&diff=9451 2012-06-25T09:08:22Z

<p>Creek: /* Proprietary */</p> <hr /> <div>==Corpora==<br /> ===Free software===<br /> * [http://igm.univ-mlv.fr/~unitex/ Unitex] includes an [[LGPL-LR]] text of Ancient Georgian (25.900 words; 7.180 forms)<br /> <br /> ===Unknown licence, but web searchable===<br /> * The electronic newspaper archive [http://www.opentext.org.ge Opentext] comprises approximately 100 million words and is by far the largest collection of Georgian texts available online.<br /> * The text archive of the [http://www.tavisupleba.org/ Georgian service] of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, around eight million words.<br /> * The largest archive of fictional texts (both prose and poetry): the [http://www.nplg.gov.ge/gsdl/ UNESCO Project digital collection of Georgian classical literature] (both prose and poetry), three million words.<br /> <br /> ==Syntactic and morphological analysis==<br /> ===Free software===<br /> * [http://igm.univ-mlv.fr/~unitex/ Unitex] includes an [[LGPL-LR]] dictionary of Ancient Georgian (7.254 simple words)<br /> <br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> * [http://maximos.aksis.uib.no/Aksis-wiki/Georgian_Grammar_Project The Georgian Grammar project] consists of a Morphological analyser, a Georgian LFG Grammar, a demo treebank (which will eventually evolve into a treebank as a lingulistic resource, and an (un-annotated) corpus of non-fictional (mainly newspaper) and fictional texts<br /> <br /> ==Fonts==<br /> <br /> See [http://maximos.aksis.uib.no/Aksis-wiki/Georgian_Grammar_Project#Prerequisites the Georgian Grammar project]<br /> <br /> ==Translational dictionaries==<br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo] Georgian–English–Georgian dictionary, &gt;42,000 entries per language<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet] downloadable Georgian-Norwegian-Georgian dictionary, ~20,000 entries<br /> <br /> [[Category:Resources by language|Georgian]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Resources_for_Croatian&diff=9450 2012-06-25T09:07:12Z

<p>Creek: /* Free */</p> <hr /> <div>==General==<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Please keep this list in alphabetical order --&gt;<br /> * [http://www.ihjj.hr/index_en.html IHJJ - Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics]<br /> * [http://jthj.ffzg.hr/default_english.htm Croatian Language Technologies Portal] - exhaustive lists of corpora, dictionaries, tools, associations, institutions and projects in LT. Developed in the Institute of Linguistics, Facutly of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb.<br /> <br /> ==Corpora==<br /> * [http://hnk.ffzg.hr/ Croatian National Corpus] - 101.2 mil. tokens synchronic (text from 1990 on), standard Croatian reference corpus; lemmatised and MSD-tagged with the Croatian MultText East tagset using hybrid tagger CroTag and lemmatiser. Developed at the Institute of Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb since 1998.<br /> * [http://riznica.ihjj.hr/en/ Croatian Language Corpus] (continuously growing (currently approx. 100 mil. tokens) corpus of Croatian covering various genres and time periods, using Philologic for online search)<br /> <br /> ===Free===<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Please keep this list in alphabetical order --&gt;<br /> * [http://www.statmt.org/setimes/ Southeast European Times] (sentence aligned corpus, Albanian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, English, Greek, Macedonian, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish &amp;mdash; approximately 4.5 million words per language)<br /> <br /> ==Lexicons==<br /> ===Free===<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> <br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Please keep this list in alphabetical order --&gt;<br /> * [http://hml.ffzg.hr Croatian Morphological Lexicon] - Croatian inflectional lexicon comprising more than 110,000 lemmas yielding more than 3.8 mln word-forms; freely searchable. Developed at the Institute of Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Resources by language|Croatian]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Resources_for_Basque&diff=9449 2012-06-25T09:05:13Z

<p>Creek: /* Taggers/parsers */</p> <hr /> <div>==Lexical resources==<br /> <br /> * [http://www.elda.org/catalogue/en/text/L0057.html EDBL] - Lexical Data Base for Basque in ELDA<br /> ** [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/edbl/ demo]<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1011897592/publikoak/2001-IRCS.pdf main reference] Aldezabal I., Ansa O., Arrieta B., Artola X., Ezeiza A., Hernández G., Lersundi M. 2001. EDBL: a General Lexical Basis for the Automatic Processing of Basque. IRCS Workshop on linguistic databases. Philadelphia (USA).<br /> * [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/cgi-bin/mcr/public/wei.consult.perl EuroWordNet - Basque]<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1018537154/publikoak/euswn.ps main reference] Agirre E., Ansa O., Arregi X., Arriola J., Díaz de Ilarraza A., Pociello E., Uria L. 2002. Methodological issues in the building of the Basque WordNet: quantitative and qualitative analysis. Proceedings of First International WordNet Conference. pp. 32-40. Mysore (India).<br /> <br /> ==Corpora==<br /> * [http://www.euskaracorpusa.net/XXmendea/Konts_arrunta_fr.html XX century's Basque corpus] Basque corpus XX century<br /> * [http://www.ztcorpusa.net ZT corpus] Basque Corpus of Science and Technology<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1183368317/publikoak/pdf-format main reference] Areta N., Gurrutxaga A., Leturia I., Alegria I., Artola X., Díaz de Ilarraza A., Ezeiza N., Sologaistoa A. 2007. ZT Corpus: Annotation and tools for Basque corpora Copus Linguistics. Birminghan.<br /> * [http://www.corpeus.org Corpeus: web as a corpus Basque]<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1190627973/publikoak/pdf main reference] Leturia I., Gurrutxaga A., Alegria I., Ezeiza A. 2007. CorpEus, a ‘web as corpus’ tool designed for the agglutinative nature of Basque.. WAC3 2007 (Web as a Corpus) workshop.<br /> <br /> ==Proofing Tools==<br /> * [http://www.xuxen.com Xuxen: Spelling checker/corrector for Basque] MS-Office, OpenOffice, ...<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1000911636/publikoak/97LITER_Z.ps main reference] Aduriz I., Alegria I., Artola X., Ezeiza N., Sarasola K. 1997. A spelling corrector for Basque based on morphology. Literary &amp; Linguistic Computing, Vol. 12, No. 1. Oxford University Press. Oxford. 1997.<br /> ===Free software===<br /> * [https://addons.mozilla.org/eu/firefox/browse/type:3 Xuxen: free version for Mozilla]<br /> * [http://www.euskara.euskadi.net/r59-738/eu/contenidos/informacion/euskarazko_softwarea/eu_9567/zerrenda.html Xuxen for OpenOffice (hunspell)]<br /> <br /> ==Morphology==<br /> <br /> ===Free software===<br /> <br /> * Morphological analyser/generator from [http://www.apertium.org Apertium project] &amp;mdash; [https://apertium.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/apertium/trunk/apertium-eu-es/apertium-eu-es.eu.dix here] <br /> ** [http://xixona.dlsi.ua.es/~fran/basque/index.php Demo here]<br /> <br /> ===Proprietary software===<br /> * Morphological analyser/generator for Basque<br /> ** [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/demo/analisianali.jsp demo]<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1000911641/publikoak/96LITER_M.ps main reference] Alegria I., Artola X., Sarasola K. 1996. Automatic morphological analysis of Basque. Literary &amp; Linguistic Computing Vol. 11, No. 4, 193-203. Oxford University Press. Oxford. 1996.<br /> <br /> ==Taggers/parsers==<br /> <br /> * EusTagger: Lemmatizer/Tagger for Basque<br /> ** [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/demo/analisimorf.jsp demo]<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1000911659/publikoak/98ACLdesanb.ps main reference] Ezeiza N., Aduriz I., Alegria I., Arriola J.M., Urizar R. 1998. Combining Stochastic and Rule-Based Methods for Disambiguation in Agglutinative Languages COLING-ACL'98. Pgs. 380 - 384. Vol 1. Montreal (Canada). August 10-14, 1998.<br /> <br /> * Eihera: Named Entitity Recognizer (NERC) for Basque<br /> ** [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/demo/entitateak.jsp demo]<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1076696580/publikoak/IJCNLP04 main reference] Alegria I., Arregi O., Ezeiza N., Fernandez I., Urizar R. 2004. Design and Development of a Named Entity Recognizer for an Agglutinative Language. First International Joint Conference on NLP (IJCNLP-04). Workshop on Named Entity Recognition.<br /> <br /> * Zatiak: Chunker for Basque<br /> ** [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/demo/zatiak.jsp demo]<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1097683503/publikoak/camara-ready-basqueDP main reference] Aranzabe M., Arriola J.M., Díaz de Ilarraza 2004. Towards a Dependency Parser of Basque. Proceedings of the Coling 2004 Workshop on Recent Advances in Dependency Grammar. Geneva, Switzerland.<br /> ** [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> <br /> ==Machine translation systems==<br /> <br /> ===Free software===<br /> <br /> * [http://matxin.sourceforge.net Matxin] Spanish → Basque<br /> ** [http://www.opentrad.org Opentrad demo] es-&gt;eu<br /> ** main reference: Alegria I., Díaz de Ilarraza A., Labaka G., Lersundi M., Mayor A., Sarasola K. 2007. Transfer-based MT from Spanish into Basque: reusability, standardization and open source. LNCS 4394. 374-384. Cicling 2007.<br /> * [http://www.apertium.org Apertium] Basque → Spanish<br /> ** Available in [http://xixona.dlsi.ua.es/wiki/index.php/SVN Apertium SVN].<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> <br /> *[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/ Ixa group]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> * [http://ixa.si.ehu.es Ixa group, University of the Basque Country]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Resources by language|Basque]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Resources_for_Basque&diff=9448 2012-06-25T09:04:22Z

<p>Creek: /* Taggers/parsers */</p> <hr /> <div>==Lexical resources==<br /> <br /> * [http://www.elda.org/catalogue/en/text/L0057.html EDBL] - Lexical Data Base for Basque in ELDA<br /> ** [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/edbl/ demo]<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1011897592/publikoak/2001-IRCS.pdf main reference] Aldezabal I., Ansa O., Arrieta B., Artola X., Ezeiza A., Hernández G., Lersundi M. 2001. EDBL: a General Lexical Basis for the Automatic Processing of Basque. IRCS Workshop on linguistic databases. Philadelphia (USA).<br /> * [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/cgi-bin/mcr/public/wei.consult.perl EuroWordNet - Basque]<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1018537154/publikoak/euswn.ps main reference] Agirre E., Ansa O., Arregi X., Arriola J., Díaz de Ilarraza A., Pociello E., Uria L. 2002. Methodological issues in the building of the Basque WordNet: quantitative and qualitative analysis. Proceedings of First International WordNet Conference. pp. 32-40. Mysore (India).<br /> <br /> ==Corpora==<br /> * [http://www.euskaracorpusa.net/XXmendea/Konts_arrunta_fr.html XX century's Basque corpus] Basque corpus XX century<br /> * [http://www.ztcorpusa.net ZT corpus] Basque Corpus of Science and Technology<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1183368317/publikoak/pdf-format main reference] Areta N., Gurrutxaga A., Leturia I., Alegria I., Artola X., Díaz de Ilarraza A., Ezeiza N., Sologaistoa A. 2007. ZT Corpus: Annotation and tools for Basque corpora Copus Linguistics. Birminghan.<br /> * [http://www.corpeus.org Corpeus: web as a corpus Basque]<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1190627973/publikoak/pdf main reference] Leturia I., Gurrutxaga A., Alegria I., Ezeiza A. 2007. CorpEus, a ‘web as corpus’ tool designed for the agglutinative nature of Basque.. WAC3 2007 (Web as a Corpus) workshop.<br /> <br /> ==Proofing Tools==<br /> * [http://www.xuxen.com Xuxen: Spelling checker/corrector for Basque] MS-Office, OpenOffice, ...<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1000911636/publikoak/97LITER_Z.ps main reference] Aduriz I., Alegria I., Artola X., Ezeiza N., Sarasola K. 1997. A spelling corrector for Basque based on morphology. Literary &amp; Linguistic Computing, Vol. 12, No. 1. Oxford University Press. Oxford. 1997.<br /> ===Free software===<br /> * [https://addons.mozilla.org/eu/firefox/browse/type:3 Xuxen: free version for Mozilla]<br /> * [http://www.euskara.euskadi.net/r59-738/eu/contenidos/informacion/euskarazko_softwarea/eu_9567/zerrenda.html Xuxen for OpenOffice (hunspell)]<br /> <br /> ==Morphology==<br /> <br /> ===Free software===<br /> <br /> * Morphological analyser/generator from [http://www.apertium.org Apertium project] &amp;mdash; [https://apertium.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/apertium/trunk/apertium-eu-es/apertium-eu-es.eu.dix here] <br /> ** [http://xixona.dlsi.ua.es/~fran/basque/index.php Demo here]<br /> <br /> ===Proprietary software===<br /> * Morphological analyser/generator for Basque<br /> ** [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/demo/analisianali.jsp demo]<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1000911641/publikoak/96LITER_M.ps main reference] Alegria I., Artola X., Sarasola K. 1996. Automatic morphological analysis of Basque. Literary &amp; Linguistic Computing Vol. 11, No. 4, 193-203. Oxford University Press. Oxford. 1996.<br /> <br /> ==Taggers/parsers==<br /> <br /> * EusTagger: Lemmatizer/Tagger for Basque<br /> ** [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/demo/analisimorf.jsp demo]<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1000911659/publikoak/98ACLdesanb.ps main reference] Ezeiza N., Aduriz I., Alegria I., Arriola J.M., Urizar R. 1998. Combining Stochastic and Rule-Based Methods for Disambiguation in Agglutinative Languages COLING-ACL'98. Pgs. 380 - 384. Vol 1. Montreal (Canada). August 10-14, 1998.<br /> <br /> * Eihera: Named Entitity Recognizer (NERC) for Basque<br /> ** [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/demo/entitateak.jsp demo]<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1076696580/publikoak/IJCNLP04 main reference] Alegria I., Arregi O., Ezeiza N., Fernandez I., Urizar R. 2004. Design and Development of a Named Entity Recognizer for an Agglutinative Language. First International Joint Conference on NLP (IJCNLP-04). Workshop on Named Entity Recognition.<br /> <br /> * Zatiak: Chunker for Basque<br /> ** [http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/demo/zatiak.jsp demo]<br /> ** [http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/Artikuluak/1097683503/publikoak/camara-ready-basqueDP main reference] Aranzabe M., Arriola J.M., Díaz de Ilarraza 2004. Towards a Dependency Parser of Basque. Proceedings of the Coling 2004 Workshop on Recent Advances in Dependency Grammar. Geneva, Switzerland.<br /> <br /> ==Machine translation systems==<br /> <br /> ===Free software===<br /> <br /> * [http://matxin.sourceforge.net Matxin] Spanish → Basque<br /> ** [http://www.opentrad.org Opentrad demo] es-&gt;eu<br /> ** main reference: Alegria I., Díaz de Ilarraza A., Labaka G., Lersundi M., Mayor A., Sarasola K. 2007. Transfer-based MT from Spanish into Basque: reusability, standardization and open source. LNCS 4394. 374-384. Cicling 2007.<br /> * [http://www.apertium.org Apertium] Basque → Spanish<br /> ** Available in [http://xixona.dlsi.ua.es/wiki/index.php/SVN Apertium SVN].<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> <br /> *[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/ Ixa group]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> * [http://ixa.si.ehu.es Ixa group, University of the Basque Country]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Resources by language|Basque]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Resources_for_Arabic&diff=9447 2012-06-25T09:02:44Z

<p>Creek: /* External links */</p> <hr /> <div>==Morphology==<br /> <br /> ===Free software===<br /> *[https://sourceforge.net/projects/aramorph/ AraMorph - Perl] - An Arabic morphological analyzer and part-of-speech tagger written in Perl (originally by Tim Buckwalter)<br /> *[http://www.nongnu.org/aramorph/ AraMorph - Java] - An Arabic morphological analyzer and part-of-speech tagger rewritten in Java for [http://lucene.apache.org/ Lucene]<br /> <br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> *[http://www.arabic-morphology.com Xerox Arabic Morphological Analyzer and Generator]<br /> <br /> ==Parsers==<br /> ===Free software===<br /> * [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~dbikel/software.html#stat-parser Bikel's implementation of Collins Parser] by [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~dbikel/ Dan Bikel].<br /> * [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~jonsafari/arabiclg/arabiclg.20060829.tar.bz2 Arabic dictionaries], by [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~jonsafari/ Jon Dehdari], for the [http://www.abisource.com/projects/link-grammar/ Link-Grammar parser]. These require the Aramorph stemming package, above. <br /> * [https://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/elixir-fm/wiki ElixirFM] ([http://quest.ms.mff.cuni.cz/cgi-bin/elixir/index.fcgi online interface here]) is a Functional Arabic Morphology written in Haskell and Perl; the lexicon is a &quot;re-processed&quot; version of the Buckwalter analyser.<br /> * [http://sourceforge.net/projects/sarf Sarf] - Arabic Morphology System (all in Java)<br /> <br /> ==Corpora==<br /> ===Proprietary===<br /> *[http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/LDC2001T55.html Arabic Newswire Part 1], 76 million tokens, annotation: paragraphs<br /> <br /> ===Free/open licence===<br /> * [http://github.com/anastaw/Meedan-Memory Meedan-Memory], Arabic-English TMX (sentence-aligned), ~467,000 words on the English side, [http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/ Open Database Licence]<br /> * [http://quran.uk.net/ Quranic Arabic Corpus], 77,430 words of Quranic Arabic, with manually verified contextual POS, inflection, derivation; [[dependency grammar]] annotation is planned.<br /> * [http://www1.ccls.columbia.edu/~ybenajiba/downloads.html Arabic NER corpora] by [http://www1.ccls.columbia.edu/~ybenajiba/ Yassine Benajiba], 150,000+ words.<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.elsnet.org/acl2001-arabic.html ACL/EACL 2001 Workshop on Arabic NLP]<br /> *[http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~mdiab/software/ASVMTools_2.0.tar.gz Basic Arabic Processing Tools]<br /> *[http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/coling2004/W5/index.html COLING 2004 Workshop on computational approaches to Arabic script-based languages]<br /> *[http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Resources by language|Arabic]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Resources_for_Afrikaans&diff=9446 2012-06-25T09:01:45Z

<p>Creek: </p> <hr /> <div>==General==<br /> <br /> ===Free software===<br /> <br /> * [http://xixona.dlsi.ua.es/~fran/afrikaans/ Afrikaanse rekenaarlinguïstiek (Afrikaans computational linguistics)] &amp;mdash; wordlists, corpora, morphological analyser, tagger, word decompounder.<br /> <br /> ===Proprietary software===<br /> <br /> * [http://www.ctext.co.za North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus: Centre for Text Technology (CTexT)] [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]&amp;mdash; various wordlists, corpora, compound analyser, lemmatiser, stemmer, NE Recogniser, POS tagger, hyphenator, G2P convertor, etc. Various active research and development projects on resources for resource-scarce languages, and closely related languages.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Resources by language|Afrikaans]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Recognizing_Textual_Entailment&diff=9445 2012-06-25T09:00:58Z

<p>Creek: /* History */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Textual Entailment]] &amp;gt; '''Challenges''':<br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''[[Textual Entailment]]''' Recognition has been proposed recently as a generic task that captures major semantic inference needs across many [[Natural Language Processing|NLP]] applications, such as [[Question Answering]], [[Information Retrieval]], [[Information Extraction]], and [[Text Summarization]]. This task requires to recognize, given two text fragments, whether the meaning of one text is entailed (can be inferred) from the other text.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> * [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Challenges/RTE/Datasets/ RTE-1] Pascal<br /> * [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Challenges/RTE2/Datasets/ RTE-2] Pascal<br /> * [http://pascallin.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Challenges/RTE3/Datasets/ RTE-3] Pascal<br /> * [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/past/2008/RTE-4.html RTE-4] TAC 2008<br /> * [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/ RTE-5] TAC 2009<br /> * [http://www.nist.gov/tac/data/ RTE-6] TAC 2010<br /> * [http://www.nist.gov/tac/2011/RTE/index.html RTE-7] TAC 2011<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet] TAC 2012<br /> <br /> == [[Textual Entailment Resource Pool|Resource Pool]] ==<br /> <br /> In an effort to determine the relative impact of the many resources used withing the RTE challenge, RTE-3 initiated a new activity for building a '''[[Textual Entailment Resource Pool]]'''. RTE participants and any other member of the NLP community are encouraged to contribute to the RTE Resource Pool.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Textual Entailment Portal]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=POS_Tagging_(State_of_the_art)&diff=9444 2012-06-25T08:59:15Z

<p>Creek: /* WSJ */</p> <hr /> <div>==Test collections==<br /> * '''Performance measure:''' per token accuracy. (The convention is for this to be measured on all tokens, including punctuation tokens and other unambiguous tokens.)<br /> * '''English'''<br /> ** '''Penn Treebank''' ''Wall Street Journal'' (WSJ) release 3 (LDC99T42). The splits of data for this task were not standardized early on (unlike for parsing) and early work uses various data splits defined by counts of tokens or by sections. Most work from 2002 on adopts the following data splits, introduced by Collins (2002):<br /> *** '''Training data:''' sections 0-18<br /> *** '''Development test data:''' sections 19-21<br /> *** '''Testing data:''' sections 22-24<br /> <br /> * '''French'''<br /> ** '''French TreeBank''' (FTB, Abeillé et al; 2003) ''Le Monde'', December 2007 version, 28-tag tagset (CC tagset, Crabbé and Candito, 2008). Classical data split (10-10-80):<br /> *** '''Training data:''' sentences 2471 to 12351<br /> *** '''Development test data:''' sentences 1236 to 2470<br /> *** '''Testing data:''' sentences 1 to 1235<br /> <br /> <br /> == Tables of results ==<br /> <br /> ===WSJ===<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! System name<br /> ! Short description<br /> ! Main publication<br /> ! Software<br /> ! Extra Data?***<br /> ! All tokens<br /> ! Unknown words<br /> | License<br /> |-<br /> | TnT*<br /> | Hidden markov model<br /> | Brants (2000)<br /> | [http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~thorsten/tnt/ TnT]<br /> | No<br /> | 96.46%<br /> | 85.86%<br /> | Unknown<br /> |-<br /> | MElt<br /> | MEMM with external lexical information<br /> | Denis and Sagot (2009)<br /> | [https://gforge.inria.fr/projects/lingwb/ Alpage linguistic workbench]<br /> | No<br /> | 96.96%<br /> | 91.29%<br /> | Unknown<br /> |-<br /> | GENiA Tagger**<br /> | Maximum entropy cyclic dependency network<br /> | Tsuruoka, et al (2005)<br /> | [http://www-tsujii.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/GENIA/tagger/ GENiA]<br /> | No<br /> | 97.05%<br /> | Not available<br /> | Gratis for non-commercial usage<br /> |-<br /> | Averaged Perceptron<br /> | Averaged Perception discriminative sequence model<br /> | Collins (2002)<br /> | [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> | No<br /> | 97.11%<br /> | Not available<br /> | Unknown<br /> |-<br /> | Maxent easiest-first<br /> | Maximum entropy bidirectional easiest-first inference<br /> | Tsuruoka and Tsujii (2005)<br /> | [http://www-tsujii.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~tsuruoka/postagger/ Easiest-first]<br /> | No<br /> | 97.15%<br /> | Not available<br /> | Unknown<br /> |-<br /> | SVMTool<br /> | SVM-based tagger and tagger generator<br /> | Giménez and Márquez (2004)<br /> | [http://www.lsi.upc.es/~nlp/SVMTool/ SVMTool]<br /> | No<br /> | 97.16%<br /> | 89.01%<br /> | Unknown<br /> |-<br /> | Morče/COMPOST<br /> | Averaged Perceptron<br /> | Spoustová et al. (2009)<br /> | [http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/compost]<br /> | No<br /> | 97.23%<br /> | Not available<br /> | Unknown<br /> |-<br /> | Stanford Tagger 1.0<br /> | Maximum entropy cyclic dependency network<br /> | Toutanova et al. (2003)<br /> | [http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/tagger.shtml Stanford Tagger]<br /> | No<br /> | 97.24%<br /> | 89.04%<br /> | Unknown<br /> |-<br /> | Stanford Tagger 2.0<br /> | Maximum entropy cyclic dependency network<br /> | Manning (2011)<br /> | [http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/tagger.shtml Stanford Tagger]<br /> | No<br /> | 97.29%<br /> | 89.70%<br /> | Unknown<br /> |-<br /> | Stanford Tagger 2.0<br /> | Maximum entropy cyclic dependency network<br /> | Manning (2011)<br /> | [http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/tagger.shtml Stanford Tagger]<br /> | Yes<br /> | 97.32%<br /> | 90.79%<br /> | Unknown<br /> |-<br /> | LTAG-spinal<br /> | Bidirectional perceptron learning<br /> | Shen et al. (2007)<br /> | [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~xtag/spinal/ LTAG-spinal]<br /> | No<br /> | 97.33%<br /> | Not available<br /> | Unknown<br /> |-<br /> | Morče/COMPOST<br /> | Averaged Perceptron<br /> | Spoustová et al. (2009)<br /> | [http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/compost]<br /> | Yes<br /> | 97.44%<br /> | Not available<br /> | Unknown<br /> |-<br /> | SCCN<br /> | Semi-supervised condensed nearest neighbor<br /> | Søgaard (2011)<br /> | [http://cst.dk/anders/scnn/ SCCN]<br /> | Yes<br /> | 97.50%<br /> | Not available<br /> | Unknown<br /> |}<br /> <br /> (*) TnT: Accuracy is as reported by Giménez and Márquez (2004) for the given test collection. Brants (2000) reports 96.7% token accuracy and 85.5% unknown word accuracy on a 10-fold cross-validation of the Penn WSJ corpus.<br /> <br /> (**) GENiA: Results are for models trained and tested on the given corpora (to be comparable to other results). The distributed GENiA tagger is trained on a mixed training corpus and gets 96.94% on WSJ, and 98.26% on GENiA biomedical English.<br /> <br /> (***) Extra data: Whether system training exploited (usually large amounts of) extra unlabeled text, such as by semi-supervised learning, self-training, or using distributional similarity features, beyond the standard supervised training data.<br /> <br /> ===FTB===<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! System name<br /> ! Short description<br /> ! Main publication<br /> ! Software<br /> ! Extra Data?***<br /> ! All tokens<br /> ! Unknown words<br /> |-<br /> | Morfette<br /> | Perceptron with external lexical information*<br /> | Chrupała et al. (2008), Seddah et al. (2010)<br /> | [http://sites.google.com/site/morfetteweb/ Morfette]<br /> | No<br /> | 97.68%<br /> | 90.52%<br /> |-<br /> | SEM<br /> | CRF with external lexical information*<br /> | Constant et al. (2011)<br /> | [http://www.univ-orleans.fr/lifo/Members/Isabelle.Tellier/SEM.html SEM]<br /> | No<br /> | 97.7%<br /> | Not available<br /> |-<br /> | MElt<br /> | MEMM with external lexical information*<br /> | Denis and Sagot (2009)<br /> | [https://gforge.inria.fr/projects/lingwb/ Alpage linguistic workbench]<br /> | No<br /> | 97.80%<br /> | 91.77%<br /> |}<br /> <br /> (*) External lexical information from the Lefff lexicon (Sagot 2010, [https://gforge.inria.fr/frs/?group_id=482 Alexina project])<br /> <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> * Brants, Thorsten. 2000. [http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/A/A00/A00-1031.pdf TnT -- A Statistical Part-of-Speech Tagger]. &quot;6th Applied Natural Language Processing Conference&quot;.<br /> <br /> * Chrupała, Grzegorz, Dinu, Georgiana and van Genabith, Josef. 2008. [http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2008/pdf/594_paper.pdf Learning Morphology with Morfette]. &quot;LREC 2008&quot;. <br /> <br /> * Collins, Michael. 2002. [http://people.csail.mit.edu/mcollins/papers/tagperc.pdf Discriminative Training Methods for Hidden Markov Models: Theory and Experiments with Perceptron Algorithms]. ''EMNLP 2002''.<br /> <br /> * Constant, Matthieu, Tellier, Isabelle, Duchier, Denys, Dupont, Yoann, Sigogne, Anthony, and Billot, Sylvie. [http://www.lirmm.fr/~lopez/TALN2011/Longs-TALN+RECITAL/Tellier_taln11_submission_54.pdf Intégrer des connaissances linguistiques dans un CRF : application à l'apprentissage d'un segmenteur-étiqueteur du français]. &quot;TALN'11&quot;<br /> <br /> * Denis, Pascal and Sagot, Benoît. 2009. [http://alpage.inria.fr/~sagot/pub/paclic09tagging.pdf Coupling an annotated corpus and a morphosyntactic lexicon for state-of-the-art POS tagging with less human effort]. &quot;PACLIC 2009&quot;<br /> <br /> * Giménez, J., and Márquez, L. 2004. [http://www.lsi.upc.es/~nlp/SVMTool/lrec2004-gm.pdf SVMTool: A general POS tagger generator based on Support Vector Machines]. ''Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'04)''. Lisbon, Portugal. <br /> <br /> * Manning, Christopher D. 2011. Part-of-Speech Tagging from 97% to 100%: Is It Time for Some Linguistics? In Alexander Gelbukh (ed.), Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, 12th International Conference, CICLing 2011, Proceedings, Part I. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6608, pp. 171--189. Springer.<br /> <br /> * Seddah, Djamé, Chrupała, Grzegorz, Çetinoglu, Özlem and Candito, Marie. 2010. [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/W/W10/W10-1410.pdf Lemmatization and Lexicalized Statistical Parsing of Morphologically Rich Languages: the Case of French] &quot;SPMRL 2010 (NAACL 2010 workshop)&quot;<br /> <br /> * Shen, L., Satta, G., and Joshi, A. 2007. [http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P07/P07-1096.pdf Guided learning for bidirectional sequence classification]. ''Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics (ACL 2007)'', pages 760-767.<br /> <br /> * Søgaard, Anders. 2011. Semi-supervised condensed nearest neighbor for part-of-speech tagging. The 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (ACL-HLT). Portland, Oregon.<br /> <br /> * Spoustová, Drahomíra &quot;Johanka&quot;, Jan Hajič, Jan Raab and Miroslav Spousta. 2009. Semi-supervised Training for the Averaged Perceptron POS Tagger. Proceedings of the 12 EACL, pages 763-771.<br /> <br /> * Toutanova, K., Klein, D., Manning, C.D., Yoram Singer, Y. 2003. [http://nlp.stanford.edu/kristina/papers/tagging.pdf Feature-rich part-of-speech tagging with a cyclic dependency network]. ''Proceedings of HLT-NAACL 2003'', pages 252-259.<br /> <br /> * Tsuruoka, Yoshimasa, Yuka Tateishi, Jin-Dong Kim, Tomoko Ohta, John McNaught, Sophia Ananiadou, and Jun'ichi Tsujii. 2005. &quot;[http://www-tsujii.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~tsuruoka/papers/pci05.pdf Developing a Robust Part-of-Speech Tagger for Biomedical Text, Advances in Informatics]&quot; - ''10th Panhellenic Conference on Informatics'', '''LNCS 3746''', pp. 382-392, 2005 <br /> <br /> * Tsuruoka, Yoshimasa and Jun'ichi Tsujii. 2005. &quot;[http://www-tsujii.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~tsuruoka/papers/emnlp05bidir.pdf Bidirectional Inference with the Easiest-First Strategy for Tagging Sequence Data]&quot;, ''Proceedings of HLT/EMNLP 2005'', pp. 467-474.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[POS Induction (State of the art)]]<br /> * [[Part-of-speech tagging]]<br /> * [[State of the art]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:State of the art]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=POS_Induction_(State_of_the_art)&diff=9443 2012-06-25T08:57:27Z

<p>Creek: /* Results */</p> <hr /> <div>==Evaluation==<br /> '''Many-to-1:''' Map every induced label to a gold standard tag greedily (45 labels to 45 tags of the Penn tag set). Use the mapping to compute tag accuracy on the Wall Street Journal portion of the Penn TreeBank. <br /> <br /> ==Results==<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! System name<br /> ! Short description<br /> ! Main publications<br /> ! Software<br /> ! Many-to-1<br /> |-<br /> | Brown+proto<br /> | MRF initialized with Brown prototypes<br /> | Christodoulopoulos, Goldwater and Steedman (2010)<br /> | [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> | 76.1%<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | Logistic regression with features and LBFGS<br /> | Berg-Kirkpatrick et al. (2010)<br /> | [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> | 75.5%<br /> |-<br /> | Clark DMF<br /> | Distributional clustering + morphology + frequency<br /> | Clark (2003)<br /> | [http://www.cs.rhul.ac.uk/home/alexc/pos2.tar.gz alexc]<br /> | 71.2%*<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; according to Christodoulopoulos, Goldwater and Steedman (2010)<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> * [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D/D10/D10-1056.pdf Christos Christodoulopoulos, Sharon Goldwater and Mark Steedman. 2010. Two Decades of Unsupervised POS induction: How far have we come? In Proceedings of EMNLP 2010.]<br /> <br /> * [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N/N10/N10-1083.pdf Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick, Alexandre Bouchard-Cote, John DeNero, and Dan Klein. 2010. Painless Unsupervised Learning with Features. NAACL 2010.]<br /> <br /> * [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E/E03/E03-1009.pdf Alexander Clark. 2003. Combining distributional and morphological information for part of speech induction. In Proceedings of EACL 2003, pages 59–66, Morristown, NJ, USA.]<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[POS Tagging (State of the art)]]<br /> * [[Part-of-speech tagging]]<br /> * [[State of the art]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:State of the art]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=POS_Induction_(State_of_the_art)&diff=9442 2012-06-25T08:56:57Z

<p>Creek: /* Results */</p> <hr /> <div>==Evaluation==<br /> '''Many-to-1:''' Map every induced label to a gold standard tag greedily (45 labels to 45 tags of the Penn tag set). Use the mapping to compute tag accuracy on the Wall Street Journal portion of the Penn TreeBank. <br /> <br /> ==Results==<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! System name<br /> ! Short description<br /> ! Main publications<br /> ! Software<br /> ! Many-to-1<br /> |-<br /> | Brown+proto<br /> | MRF initialized with Brown prototypes<br /> | Christodoulopoulos, Goldwater and Steedman (2010)<br /> | [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> | 76.1%<br /> |-<br /> | [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> | Logistic regression with features and LBFGS<br /> | Berg-Kirkpatrick et al. (2010)<br /> | <br /> | 75.5%<br /> |-<br /> | Clark DMF<br /> | Distributional clustering + morphology + frequency<br /> | Clark (2003)<br /> | [http://www.cs.rhul.ac.uk/home/alexc/pos2.tar.gz alexc]<br /> | 71.2%*<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; according to Christodoulopoulos, Goldwater and Steedman (2010)<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> * [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D/D10/D10-1056.pdf Christos Christodoulopoulos, Sharon Goldwater and Mark Steedman. 2010. Two Decades of Unsupervised POS induction: How far have we come? In Proceedings of EMNLP 2010.]<br /> <br /> * [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N/N10/N10-1083.pdf Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick, Alexandre Bouchard-Cote, John DeNero, and Dan Klein. 2010. Painless Unsupervised Learning with Features. NAACL 2010.]<br /> <br /> * [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E/E03/E03-1009.pdf Alexander Clark. 2003. Combining distributional and morphological information for part of speech induction. In Proceedings of EACL 2003, pages 59–66, Morristown, NJ, USA.]<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[POS Tagging (State of the art)]]<br /> * [[Part-of-speech tagging]]<br /> * [[State of the art]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:State of the art]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Policies_of_the_ACL_wiki&diff=9441 2012-06-25T08:56:00Z

<p>Creek: </p> <hr /> <div>== Copyrights ==<br /> <br /> The ''ACL Wiki for Computational Linguistics'' follows [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights Wikipedia policy on copyrights].<br /> <br /> == Editing ==<br /> <br /> Anybody can edit the text in the ''ACL Wiki for Computational Linguistics'' by setting up an account and logging in to the wiki. Editing without logging in is not permitted [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo].<br /> <br /> == No original research ==<br /> <br /> The ''ACL Wiki for Computational Linguistics'' is not intended for original research. Use proper citations to show that your contributions are not original research.<br /> <br /> [[Category:ACL Wiki]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=People&diff=9440 2012-06-25T08:54:36Z

<p>Creek: /* R */</p> <hr /> <div>This is a list of homepages of researchers in Computational Linguistics, in the form '''last name, first name - affiliation'''. <br /> <br /> See also [[Academic genealogy]], the genealogy of people with academic degrees, based on graduate supervisors being 'parents' and their graduate students being 'children'.<br /> <br /> == A ==<br /> <br /> *[http://littera.deusto.es/prof/abaitua Abaitua, Joseba] - Universidad de Deusto<br /> *[http://tony.abou-assaleh.net Abou-Assaleh, Tony] - Dalhousie University<br /> *[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~ladamic/ Adamic, Lada] - University of Michigan<br /> *[http://www.cond.org/ Adar, Eytan] - University of Washington<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~janal/ Alexandersson, Jan] - German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence<br /> *[http://www.ics.uci.edu/~boris Aleksandrovsky, Boris] UC Irvine<br /> *[http://www-scf.usc.edu/~alcazar/ Alcázar, Asier] - University of Southern California<br /> *[http://alfonseca.org/ Alfonseca, Enrique] - Google<br /> *[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/kidearen_argitalpenak?kidea=1000808989 Alegria, Iñaki] - University of the Basque Country<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~janal/ Alexandersson, Jan] German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence<br /> *[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/james/ Allen, James] - University of Rochester<br /> *[http://www.dc.fi.udc.es/~alonso/ Alonso, Miguel A.]<br /> *[http://www.linguist.jussieu.fr/~amsili/ Amsili, Pascal] - University of Paris 7 - Denis Diderot<br /> *[http://www.aueb.gr/users/ion/ Androutsopoulos, Ion] - Athens University of Economics and Business<br /> *[http://clwww.essex.ac.uk/~doug/ Arnold, Doug] Univ. of Essex<br /> *[http://www.ai.sri.com/~appelt/ Appelt, Doug ] SRI International<br /> *[http://korpus.dsl.dk/staff/ja/ Asmussen, Jörg] - DSL - Society for Danish Language and Literature, Copenhagen<br /> *[http://www.carleton.ca/~asudeh/ Asudeh, Ash] - Carleton University <br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~tania/ Avgustinova, Tania] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> <br /> == B ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~klb Baker, Kathryn] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/ Baldridge, Jason] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~tim/ Baldwin, Timothy] - University of Melbourne<br /> *[http://www.georgetown.edu/cball/cball.html Ball, Catherine] - Georgetown University<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~banerjee Banerjee, Satanjeev] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.lsi.upc.es/~batalla Batalla,Jordi Atserias] - UPC, Spain<br /> *[http://www5.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/Personen/batliner/ Batliner, Anton] - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-N&amp;uuml;rnberg<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~becker Becker, Tilman] - DFKI Saarbruecken, Germany<br /> *[http://faculty.washington.edu/ebender Bender, Emily] - University of Washington<br /> *[http://homepages.infoseek.com/~corpuslinguistics/homepage.html Berber,Tony] Sardinha<br /> *[http://richard.bergmair.eu/ Bergmair, Richard] University of Cambridge<br /> *[http://wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de/~cbiemann/ Biemann, Chris] - University of Leipzig, Germany<br /> *[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/students/kimb Binsted, Kim] University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~sb/ Bird, Steven] - University of Melbourne<br /> *[http://seneca.uab.es/filfrirom/Blanco.html Blanco, Xavier] - Autonomous University of Barcelona<br /> *[http://www.pdg.cnb.uam.es/blaschke/personalPage.html Blaschke, Christian]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~kalina/ Boncheva, Kalina] Univ. of Sheffield]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~kalina/ Bontcheva, Kalina] - Univ. of Sheffield<br /> *[http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/fcbond/ Bond, Francis] - Nanyang Technological University, Singapore<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/bos/ Bos, Johan] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~boufaden/ Boufaden, Narjès] - University of Montreal<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~gosse Bouma, Gosse] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.di.fc.ul.pt/~ahb/ Branco, Antonio] - University of Lisbon<br /> *[http://www.karlbranting.net Branting, Karl]<br /> *[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~thorsten Brants, Thorsten] - University of Saarland<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~brawer Brawer, Sascha] - University of the Saarland<br /> *[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~ebreck Breck, Eric] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://clwww.essex.ac.uk/~andrewb/ Bredenkamp, Andrew]<br /> *[http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/ Breen, Jim] - Monash University<br /> *[http://www.cog.jhu.edu/faculty/brent.html Brent,Michael R.] Johns Hopkins University<br /> *[http://www.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/~brewka/ Brewka] - Gerhard, University of Leipzig<br /> *[http://www.xsoft.com/ Breyman, Clark] Xerox Linguistic Technologies<br /> *[http://research.microsoft.com/%7Ebrill/ Brill, Eric] - Microsoft Research<br /> *[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/ejb/ Briscoe, Ted] - University of Cambridge<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~paulb Buitelaar, Paul] - DFKI<br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/razvan/ Bunescu, Razvan] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> <br /> == C ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.hinocatv.ne.jp/~price/ Caldwell, Price] - Meisei University<br /> *[http://www.acs.ilstu.edu/faculty/mecalif/calif.htm Califf,Mary Elaine] - Illinois State University<br /> *[http://ilk.uvt.nl/~sander/ Canisius, Sander] - Tilburg University<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/carberry.html Carberry, Sandra] - Univ. of Delaware, Univ. of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Faculty/Claire_Cardie.html Cardie, Claire] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/lab/nlp/carroll/carroll.html Carroll, John] - University of Sussex<br /> *[http://jones.ling.indiana.edu/~dcavar Cavar, Damir] - Indiana University, Bloomington<br /> *[http://tantek.com/map.html Celik, Tantek] - Technorati<br /> *[http://cer.freeshell.org Cer, Daniel] - University of Colorado at Boulder<br /> *[http://nlp.changwon.ac.kr/~jcha/ Cha, Jeongwon] - Changwon National University<br /> *[http://www.cs.uleth.ca/~chali Chali, Yllias] - University of Lethbridge<br /> *[http://www.cs.brown.edu/people/ec/home.html Charniak, Eugene] - Brown University<br /> *[http://iit-iti.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/personnel/chen_boxing_e.html Chen, Boxing] - National Research Council<br /> *[http://www.ciscl.unisi.it/persone/chesi.htm Chesi, Cristiano] - CISCL, University of Siena<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~chiang Chiang, David] - USC Information Sciences Institute<br /> *[http://www.alphabit.net/Docente/docente_eng.htm Chiari, Isabella] - University &quot;La Sapienza&quot; of Rome<br /> *[http://korterm.kaist.ac.kr/kschoi/ Choi, Key-Sun] - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology<br /> *[http://web.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/org/l/linguistics/www/chomsky.home.html Chomsky, Noam] - MIT<br /> *[http://research.microsoft.com/users/church/ Church, Kenneth] - Microsoft Research<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~fabio/ Ciravegna, Fabio] - University of Sheffield<br /> *[http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/work/stephen.clark/ Clark, Stephen] - University of Oxford<br /> *[http://compbio.uchsc.edu/Hunter_lab/Cohen Cohen, Kevin Bretonnel] - U. Colorado School of Medicine<br /> *[http://people.csail.mit.edu/u/m/mcollins/public_html/ Collins, Michael] - MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory<br /> *[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/aac10/ Copestake, Ann] - University of Cambridge<br /> *[http://lands.let.kun.nl/TSpublic/coppen Coppen, Peter-Arno] - University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands<br /> *[http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~gvcormac/ Cormack, Gordon] - University of Waterloo<br /> *[http://www.psych.qub.ac.uk/staff/teaching/cowie/index.aspx Cowie, Roddy] - Queen's University, Belfast<br /> *[http://www.biostat.wisc.edu/~craven/ Craven, Mark] - University of Wisconsin<br /> *[http://www2.ulster.ac.uk/staff/n.creaney.html Creaney, Norman] - University of Ulster<br /> *[http://www.dia.uniroma3.it/~crescenz/ Crescenzi, Valter] - Università Roma Tre<br /> *[http://thor.info.uaic.ro/~dcristea/ Cristea, Dan] - University of Iasi<br /> *[http://www.harlequin.com/ Crowe, Jeremy] - Harlequin Ltd.<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~hamish Cunningham, Hamish] - University of Sheffield<br /> *[http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~jc/ Cussens, James] - University of York<br /> <br /> == D ==<br /> *[http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~dagan/ Dagan, Ido] - Bar Ilan University, Israel<br /> *[http://conversational-technologies.com Dahl, Deborah] - Conversational Technologies<br /> *[http://stl.recherche.univ-lille3.fr/sitespersonnels/dal/index.html Dal, Georgette] - Universite de Lille<br /> *[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~rdale Dale, Robert] - Centre for Language Technology, Macquarie University<br /> *[http://www.cs.utah.edu/~hal/ Daumé III, Hal] - University of Utah<br /> *[http://davies-linguistics.byu.edu Davies, Mark] - Brigham Young University<br /> *[http://cs.haifa.ac.il/~edaya Daya, Ezra] - NICE Systems Ltd.<br /> *[http://www.csi.uottawa.ca/~delannoy Delannoy, Jean-Francois] - University of Ottawa<br /> *[http://www.uqtr.uquebec.ca/~delisle/index.html Delisle, Sylvain] UQTR<br /> *[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/denis Denis, Pascal] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.math.bas.bg/~iad/ Derzhanski, Ivan] - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<br /> *[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~dm/ Detmar Meurers, Walt] - The Ohio State University Linguistics Dept.<br /> *[http://www.limsi.fr/Individu/devil/ Devillers, Laurence] - LIMSI<br /> *[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/kidearen_argitalpenak?kidea=1000808994 Díaz de Ilarraza, Arantza] - University of Basque Country<br /> *[http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/bonnie/ Dorr, Bonnie] - University of Maryland<br /> *[http://www.nyu.edu/pages/linguistics/doughert.html Dougherty, Ray] - New York University<br /> *[http://www.ai.sri.com/~dowding Dowding, John] - SRI<br /> *[http://www.pcug.org.au/~jdowling/ Dowling, Jason] PC Users Group ACT Inc., Canberra, Australia<br /> <br /> == E ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.uni-bielefeld.de/lili/personen/cebert/ Ebert, Christian] - University of Bielefeld<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~eckle/ Eckle-Kohler, Judith]<br /> *[http://www.philipedmonds.com/ Edmonds, Philip] - University of Toronto<br /> *[http://cs.jhu.edu/~jason Eisner, Jason] - Johns Hopkins University<br /> *[http://www.cs.bgu.ac.il/~elhadad/ Elhadad, Michael] - Ben-Gurion University of the Negev<br /> *[http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~marke/ Ellison, T. Mark] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.ik.fh-hannover.de/ik/person/ben/ben.htm Endres-Niggemeyer, Brigitte] FH Hannover<br /> *[http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/info/perso/permanents/enguehard/ Enguehard, Chantal] - Laboratoire d'Informatique de Nantes Atlantique<br /> *[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~erbach/ Erbach, Gregor] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://nl.ijs.si/et/ Erjavec, Tomaz]<br /> *[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/erk/ Erk, Katrin] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.cogsci.uni-osnabrueck.de/~severt/ Evert, Stefan] - University of Osnabrück<br /> <br /> == F ==<br /> <br /> *[http://slt.wcl.ee.upatras.gr/Fakotakis/personal.htm Fakotakis, Nikos] - University of Patras<br /> *[http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/alex/home.htm Fang, Alex Chengyu] - University College London<br /> *[http://www.purl.org/net/fa Feldman, Anna] - Montclair State University<br /> *[http://wordnet.princeton.edu/~fellbaum/ Fellbaum, Christiane] - Princeton University<br /> *[http://ling.cuc.edu.cn/htliu/feng/feng.htm Feng, Zhiwei] - IAL of China<br /> *[http://staff.science.uva.nl/~raquel/ Fernandez, Raquel] - ILLC, University of Amsterdam<br /> *[http://www.cs.umbc.edu/~finin/ Finin, Tim] - University of Maryland<br /> *[http://lingo.stanford.edu/dan/ Flickinger, Dan] - CSLI, Stanford University<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~mlf/ Mikel Forcada] - Universitat d'Alacant<br /> *[http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~fosler Fosler-Lussier, Eric] - The Ohio State University<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~fouvry/ Fouvry, Frederik]<br /> *[http://www.cs.brown.edu/people/hjf/ Fox, Heidi] - Brown University, Metacarta<br /> *[http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~francez Francez, Nissim] - Technion, Israel<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ref/ Frederking, Robert] - Carnegie-Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.ee.ust.hk/~pascale/ Fung, Pascale] - Hong Kong University of Science and Technology<br /> <br /> == G ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~gabr Gabrilovich, Evgeniy]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~robertg/ Gaizauskas, Rob] - University of Sheffield<br /> *[http://www.sics.se/~gamback/ Gamback, Bjorn] - Swedish Institute of Computer Science<br /> *[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/students/narcisbg Gardella, Narcis Bassols] Univ. of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~claire/ Gardent, Claire] Universit&amp;auml;t des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://www.gelbukh.com/ Gelbukh, Alexander] - CIC-IPN<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/people/germann/ Germann, Ulrich] - ISI<br /> *[https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/girju/index.html Girju, Roxana] - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign<br /> *[http://tcc.itc.it/people/giuliano.html Giuliano, Claudio] - ITC-irst<br /> *[http://www.uni-salzburg.at/portal/page?_pageid=425,405845&amp;_dad=portal&amp;_schema=PORTAL Goebl, Hans] - Univeristät Salzburg<br /> *[http://www.cs.ucf.edu/~gomez Gomez, Fernando] ucf<br /> *[http://www.esi.uem.es/~jmgomez Gomez-Hidalgo, Jose-Maria] - UEM<br /> *[http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/faculty/stgries/ Gries, Stefan Th.] - UCSB<br /> *[http://cs.nyu.edu/cs/faculty/grishman/ Grishman, Ralph] - New York University<br /> *[http://das-www.harvard.edu/users/faculty/Barbara_Grosz/Barbara_Grosz.html Grosz, Barbara] - Harvard University<br /> *[http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/people/gruber/ Gruber, Tom] - Stanford University<br /> *[http://www.cs.duke.edu/~cig Guinn, Curry I.] - Duke U.<br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/ Gurevych, Iryna] - Darmstadt University of Technology<br /> *[http://www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/~guvenir/guvenir.html Guvenir, Altay] - Bilkent University<br /> <br /> == H ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.swan.ac.uk/french/web-content/staff/p-ten-hacken.html Hacken, Pius ten] - Swansea University<br /> *[http://www.coling.uni-freiburg.de/~hahn/hahn.html Hahn, Udo] - University of Freiburg<br /> *[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~hajic Hajič, Jan] - Charles University in Prague<br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~cuihang Hang, Cui] - National University of Singapore<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~hansen Hansen-Schirra, Silvia] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://renoir.vill.edu/faculty/hardt/html/home.html Hardt, Daniel] Villanova University<br /> *[http://128.147.244.54/dbmi/profile.cfm?ID=23751 Harkema, Henk] - University of Pittsburgh<br /> *[http://pi7.fernuni-hagen.de/hartrumpf/ Hartrumpf, Sven] - University of Hagen, Germany<br /> *[http://www.cis.udel.edu/~harvey/ Harvey, Terry]<br /> *[http://www.linguistik.uni-erlangen.de/~rrh/ Hausser, Roland] - University of Erlangen, Germany<br /> *[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst Hearst, Marti] - UC Berkeley<br /> *[http://www.cse.ogi.edu/~heeman Heeman, Peter] - OGI<br /> *[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jhender6/ Henderson, James] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.asp.ogi.edu/~hynek/ Hermansky, Hynek] - Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~ulf/ Hermjakob, Ulf] - USC/ISI<br /> *[http://www.esi.uem.es/~jmgomez/ Hidalgo, José María Gómez] - Universidad Europea de Madrid<br /> *[http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/staff/hess.html Hess, Michael] - Univ. of Zurich, Switzerland<br /> *[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~gh Hirst, Graeme] - University of Toronto<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~hobbs/ Jerry Hobbs] - USC/ISI<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~chogan Hogan, Christopher] - Carnegie-Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/people/hovy.html Hovy, Eduard] - ISI<br /> *[http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~jcl2/churen.htm Huang, Chu-Ren] - Academica Sinica<br /> *[http://www.cs.ucf.edu/~hull Hull, Richard] - University of Central Florida<br /> *[http://compbio.uchsc.edu/Hunter_lab/Hunter Hunter, Larry] - U. Colorado School of Medicine<br /> *[http://datamining.typepad.com/data_mining/ Hurst, Matthew] - BuzzMetrics<br /> *[http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/WJHutchins/ Hutchins, John]<br /> *[http://www.cs.pitt.edu/~hwa Hwa, Rebecca] - University of Pittsburgh<br /> <br /> == I ==<br /> <br /> == J ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/pjacobs.html Jacobs, Paul] - General Electric<br /> *[http://www.stanford.edu/~tiflo Jaeger, T. Flroian] - Stanford University<br /> *[http://ist.psu.edu/faculty_pages/jjansen/ Jansen, Jim] - Penn State<br /> *[http://www.cs.nyu.edu/~hengji Ji, Heng] - New York University<br /> *[http://www.cog.brown.edu/~mj Johnson, Mark] - Brown University<br /> *[http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~bernie/ Jones, Bernie] University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.ida.liu.se/~arnjo/ Jönsson, Arne] - Linkoping University<br /> <br /> == K ==<br /> *[http://cs.joensuu.fi/~tkakkone Kakkonen, Tuomo] - University of Joensuu<br /> *[http://www.ai.sri.com/~megumi Kameyama, Megumi] - SRI International<br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~kanmy Kan, Min-Yen] - National University of Singapore<br /> *[http://users.utu.fi/karhumak/ Karhumaki, Juhani] - University of Turku<br /> *[http://www.sics.se/~jussi/ Karlgren, Jussi] - SICS, Sweden<br /> *[http://www2.parc.com/istl/members/karttune/ Karttunen, Lauri]<br /> *[http://elex.amu.edu.pl/ifa/staff/kaszubski.html Kaszubski, Przemys&amp;#322;aw] - Adam Mickiewicz University<br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/rjkate/ Kate, Rohit J.] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~kazakov/ Kazakov, Dimitar] - University of York<br /> *[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/keller/ Keller, Frank] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.cs.dal.ca Keselj, Vlado] Dalhousie University<br /> *[http://www.mabidkhan.com/ Khan, Abid] - University of Peshawar, Pakistan<br /> *[http://www.itri.bton.ac.uk/~Adam.Kilgarriff Kilgarriff, Adam] - University of Brighton<br /> *[http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~sklein/sklein.html Klein, Sheldon] - University of Wisconsin<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~knight/ Knight, Kevin] - ISI<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~kobdani/ Kobdani, Hamidreza] - University of Stuttgart<br /> *[http://www.iccs.inf.ed.ac.uk/~pkoehn/ Koehn, Philipp] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://svenska.gu.se/~svedk Kokkinakis, Dimitrios] - Göteborg University<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~kordoni/ Kordoni, Valia] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://www.kornai.com/ Kornai, Andras]<br /> *[http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/~koskenni/ Koskenniemi, Kimmo] - University of Helsinki<br /> *[http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~kosseim/ Kosseim, Leila] - Concordia University, Montreal<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~zkozareva/ Kozareva, Zornitsa] - University of Alicante<br /> *[http://dis.tpd.tno.nl/mmts/wessel_kraaij.html Kraaij, Wessel] - TNO<br /> *[http://www-sk.let.uu.nl Krauwer, Steven, ELSNET] - Utrecht University<br /> *[http://external.nj.nec.com/homepages/krovetz/ Krovetz, Robert] NEC<br /> *[http://www.peter-kuehnlein.net/ Kuehnlein, Peter] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://jones.ling.indiana.edu/~skuebler/ Kuebler, Sandra] - Indiana University, Bloomington<br /> *[http://www.cs.ucd.ie/staff/nick/ Kushmerick, Nicholas] - University College, Dublin<br /> <br /> == L ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.ling.gu.se/~lager/ Lager, Torbjörn] - Göteborg University<br /> *[http://www.ict.csiro.au/staff/Andrew.Lampert/ Lampert, Andrew] - CSIRO ICT Centre / Macquarie University<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ianlane/ Lane, Ian] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://hlt.fbk.eu/en/people/lavelli/ Lavelli, Alberto] - FBK-IRST<br /> *[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jlawler/index.html Lawler, John] - University of Michigan<br /> *[http://nlp.postech.ac.kr/~gblee Lee, Geunbae] - POSTECH<br /> *[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/llee Lee, Lillian] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~mgl Lee, Mark] - University of Birmingham<br /> *[http://www.ling.lancs.ac.uk/staff/geoff/geoff.htm Leech, Geoffrey] - Professor LAMEL, Lancaster University, UK<br /> *[http://jochenleidner.com/ Leidner, Jochen L.] - Research Scientist, Thomson Reuters Corporation<br /> *[http://sites.google.com/site/olemon Lemon, Oliver] - Heriot-Watt University<br /> *[http://www.ilc.cnr.it/~lenci/ Lenci, Alessandro] - Università di Pisa<br /> *[http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~levow/ Levow, Gina-Anne] - University of Chicago<br /> *[http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~baoli/ Li, Baoli] - Georgia Institute of Technology<br /> *[http://www1.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/~hli/ Li, Haizhou] - Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore<br /> *[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~myl/ Liberman, Mark] - University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~cyl/ Lin, Chin-Yew] USC/ISI<br /> *[http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~lindek/ Lin, Dekang] - University of Alberta<br /> *[http://htliu.yeah.net/ Liu, Haitao] - Communication University of China<br /> *[http://nlp.ict.ac.cn/~liuqun/index_en.htm Liu, Qun] - Institute of Computing Technology, CAS<br /> *[http://mtgroup.ict.ac.cn/~liuyang/ Liu, Yang] - Institute of Computing Technology, CAS<br /> *[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~lopatkova Lopatková, Markéta] Charles University in Prague<br /> *[http://terra.di.fct.unl.pt/~gpl/ Lopes, Gabriel] New University of Lisbon<br /> *[http://www.langnat.com/~loupy/index-en.html Loupy, Claude de] - Universite de Paris X Nanterre<br /> *[http://www.personal.psu.edu/xxl13 Lu, Xiaofei] - Pennsylvania State University<br /> <br /> == M ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~andym/ MacFarlane, Andrew] - City University of London<br /> *[http://www.desilinguist.org Madnani, Nitin] - Educational Testing Service<br /> *[http://www-cs-students.Stanford.EDU/~magerman Magerman, David] - Stanford University<br /> *[http://tcc.itc.it/people/magnini.html Magnini, Bernardo] - ITC-IRST<br /> *[http://www.karacaymalkar.com Malkar, Karacay] - Webportal<br /> *[http://www.rohan.sdsu.edu/~malouf Malouf, Rob] - San Diego State University<br /> *[http://www.sultry.arts.usyd.edu.au/ Manning, Christopher] - University of Sydney<br /> *[http://www.demarcken.org/carl/ de Marcken, Carl] ITA Software<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~marcu/ Marcu, Daniel] - USC/ISI<br /> *[http://overstated.net/about Marlow, Cameron] - Yahoo! Research<br /> *[http://www.limsi.fr/Individu/martin/ Martin,Jean-Claude] - LIMSI<br /> *[http://www.yorku.ca/jmason/ Mason, James A.] - York University<br /> *[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~mpawel Mazur, Pawel] - Wroclaw University of Technology and Macquarie University<br /> *[http://www.informatics.susx.ac.uk/research/nlp/mccarthy/mccarthy.html McCarthy, Diana] - University of Sussex<br /> *[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/mmcconvi McConville, Mark] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://alum.mit.edu/www/davidmcdonald/ McDonald, David] - Smart Information Flow Technologies (SIFT)<br /> *[http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~kathy McKeown, Kathy] Columbia University<br /> *[http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mccoy/ McKoy, Kathy] - University of Delaware<br /> *[http://stp.lingfil.uu.se/~bea Megyesi, B. Beata] - Uppsala University<br /> *[http://cs.nyu.edu/~melamed Melamed, I. Dan] - New York University<br /> *[http://www.latl.unige.ch/personal/paola.html Merlo, Paola] - University of Geneva<br /> *[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~dm/ Meurers, Walt Detmar] OH State Linguistics<br /> *[http://www.csse.uwa.edu.au/~fontor/ Midgley, T. Daniel] - University of Western Australia<br /> *[http://www.cs.unt.edu/~rada Mihalcea, Rada] - University of North Texas<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~elenimi/ Miltsakaki, Eleni] - University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~mariam Milosavljevic, Maria] - Macquarie University<br /> *[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~mineur Mineur, Anne-Marie] University of the Saarland / Utrecht University<br /> *[http://imaginarycartography.com/work.html Minor, Joshua T.] - Cataphora, Inc.<br /> *[http://staff.science.uva.nl/~gilad/ Mishne, Gilad] - University of Amsterdam<br /> *[http://www.wlv.ac.uk/~le1825/main.html Mitkov, Ruslan] - University of Wolverhampton<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~begona/ Moirón, Begoña Villada] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/~molla/ Molla-Aliod, Diego] - University of Zurich<br /> *[http://www.dcs.qmul.ac.uk/~christof/ Monz, Christof] - University of Amsterdam (ILLC)<br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mooney/ Mooney, Raymond J.] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.signiform.com/erik/ Mueller, Erik] - IBM Research<br /> *[http://www.xn--stefan-mller-klb.net/ Müler, Stefan] - Universität Bremen<br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/people/mueller/ Müller, Christof] - Darmstadt University of Technology<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/eines/membre.cgi?id=eng&amp;nom=rafael&amp;tipus=pdi Muñoz, Rafael] - University of Alicante<br /> *[http://www.puran.info Malik, Abbas] - GETALP - LIG, Université de Grenoble<br /> <br /> == N ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ai-lab/people/grad/nahm.html Nahm, Un Yong] - University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.univ-nancy2.fr/pers/namer/ Namer, Fiammetta] - University of Nancy<br /> *[http://www.lr.pi.titech.ac.jp/~nanno/index.cgi?page=Tomoyuki+NANNO Nanno, Tomoyuki] - Tokyo Institute of Technology<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~borja/ Navarro, Borja] - University of Alicante, Spain<br /> *[http://tcc.itc.it/people/negri.html Negri, Matteo] - ITC-irst<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~nerbonne Nerbonne, John] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://cl-www.dfki.uni-sb.de/~neumann Neumann, Guenter] - DFKI, Saarbrücken<br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~nght Ng, Hwee Tou] - National University of Singapore<br /> *[http://www.hlt.utdallas.edu/~vince Ng, Vincent] - University of Texas at Dallas<br /> *[http://jdpowerwebintelligence.com/ Nicolov, Nicolas] - J.D. Power and Associates, McGraw-Hill<br /> *[http://www.slt.atr.co.jp/~night/ Nightingale, Stephen] - ATR Institute International<br /> *[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/mnissim/ Nissim, Malvina] - University of Bologna<br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~niuzheng Niu, Zheng-Yu] - NU Singapore<br /> *[http://w3.msi.vxu.se/~nivre/ Nivre, Joakim] - Växjö University<br /> *[http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/norvig.html Norvig, Peter]<br /> <br /> == O ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/~jon/ Oberlander, Jon] - U. Edinburgh<br /> *[http://people.sabanciuniv.edu/oflazer/ Oflazer, Kemal] - Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey<br /> *[http://www.loa-cnr.it/oltramari.html Oltramari, Alessandro] - Laboratory for Applied Ontology, Italian National Research Council<br /> *[http://www.wlv.ac.uk/~in6093/ Orasan, Constantin] - University of Wolverhampton<br /> *[http://www.bultreebank.org/petya/OsenovaPub.html Osenova, Petya] - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<br /> <br /> == P ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *[http://cst.dk/patrizia/ Paggio, Patrizia] - University of Copenhagen<br /> *[http://www.slt.atr.co.jp/~kpaik/ Paik, Kyonghee] - ATR Spoken Language Translation Research Laboratories<br /> *[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/People/pabo Pang, Bo] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://verbs.colorado.edu/~mpalmer/ Palmer, Martha] - University of Colorado<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~pantel/ Pantel, Patrick] - ISI/University of Southern California<br /> *[http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~becky/ Passonneau, Rebecca] Columbia University and Bellcore<br /> *[http://www.ilsp.gr/homepages/pastra_eng.html/ Pastra, Katerina] Institute for Language and Speech Processing<br /> *[http://www.cs.utah.edu/~sidd Patwardhan, Siddharth] - University of Utah<br /> *[http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/english.html Paulo Pardal] - Joana L&amp;sup2;F] - INESC-ID<br /> *[http://perswww.kuleuven.be/yves_peirsman Peirsman, Yves] - University of Leuven<br /> *[http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse Pedersen, Ted] - University of Minnesota, Duluth<br /> *[http://ai-nlp.info.uniroma2.it/pennacchiotti Pennacchiotti, Marco] - University of Roma Tor Vergata<br /> *[http://www.perry.com/ Perry, John] - UCLA<br /> *[http://tcc.itc.it/people/pianesi.html Pianesi, Fabio] - ITC-irst <br /> *[http://www.resegone.com/mapb/ Piccolino Boniforti, Marco Aldo] - Rovira i Virgili University<br /> *[http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/staff/poesio Poesio, Massimo] - University of Essex<br /> *[http://www.fas.umontreal.ca/ling/olst/polguereE Polguere, Alain] - Université de Montréal<br /> *[http://fas.sfu.ca/0h/cs/people/Faculty/Popowich/popowich Popowich, Fred] - Simon Fraser University<br /> *[http://nlp.ipipan.waw.pl/~adamp/ Przepiórkowski, Adam] - Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw<br /> *[http://www.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk/people/staff/pulman/ Pulman, Stephen] - Oxford University<br /> *[http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~jamesp Pustejovsky, James] - Brandeis University<br /> <br /> == Q ==<br /> <br /> == R ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~radev/ Radev, Dragomir] - University of Michigan<br /> *[http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~rambow/ Rambow, Owen] - CCLS, Columbia University<br /> *[http://www.fask.uni-mainz.de/user/rapp Rapp, Reinhard] - Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet Mainz<br /> *[http://www.cs.buffalo.edu/pub/WWW/faculty/rapaport/rapaport.html Rapaport, William J.] - SUNY Buffalo<br /> *[http://www.cam.sri.com/manny.html Rayner, Manny] SRI International<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/lrau.html Rau, Lisa]<br /> *[http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/users/paul/ Rayson, Paul] - Lancaster University<br /> *[http://sivareddy.in Reddy, Siva] - University of York, Lexical Computing Ltd, UK<br /> *[http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/~ereiter Reiter, Ehud] - University of Aberdeen<br /> *[http://www.dfki.uni-sb.de/~bert Reithinger, Norbert] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://www.reitter-it-media.de/ Reitter, David] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.ai.mit.edu/~jrennie/ Rennie, Jason] - MIT<br /> *[http://umiacs.umd.edu/~resnik Resnik, Philip] - University of Maryland, College Park<br /> *[http://www.cs.utah.edu/~riloff/ Riloff, Ellen] - University of Utah<br /> *[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/ringger/ Ringger, Eric,] - University of Rochester<br /> *[http://www.di.ufpe.br/~jr Robin, Jacques, Federal] - University of Pernambuco, Brazil.<br /> *[http://www.univ-ab.pt/~vjr/ Rocio, Vitor] - Open University, Lisbon<br /> *[http://www.prodrigues.com/ Rodrigues, Paul] - Indiana University, Bloomington<br /> *[http://www.uteroemer.de/ Romer, Ute] University of Hanover<br /> *[http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/mr249/ Rooth, Mats] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu Roth, Dan] - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign<br /> *[http://www.public.asu.edu/~droussi/ Roussinov, Dmitri] - Arizona State University<br /> *[http://www.hi.is/~eirikur/ Rögnvaldsson, Eiríkur] - University of Iceland<br /> *[http://www.uteroemer.de/ Römer, Ute] - University of Hanover<br /> *[http://people.csail.mit.edu/arum Rumshisky, Anna] - MIT<br /> *[http://rykov-cl.narod.ru/ Rykov, Vladimir]<br /> <br /> == S ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~christer Samuelsson, Christer] Bell Labs<br /> *[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/kidearen_argitalpenak?kidea=1000809006 Sarasola, Kepa] - University of the Basque Country<br /> *[http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~anoop/ Sarkar, Anoop] - currently at Simon Fraser University, formerly at University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/yutaka.sasaki/ Sasaki, Yutaka] - University of Manchester<br /> *[http://www.cog.jhu.edu/~savova/ Savova, Virginia] - MIT<br /> *[http://www.dei.unipd.it/~satta Satta, Giorgio] University of Padua<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~uschaefer Schaefer, Ulrich] - German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence<br /> *[http://www7.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/~scheler Scheler] - Gabriele, TU München<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~mike/ Schiehlen, Michael] - University of Stuttgart<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~schmid/ Schmid, Helmut] - University of Stuttgart<br /> *[http://www.kde.cs.uni-kassel.de/schmitz Schmitz, Christoph] - Universität Kassel<br /> *[http://www.schulteimwalde.de/ Schulte im Walde, Sabine] - Institute for Natural Language Processing, University of Stuttgart<br /> *[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~rolfs Schwitter, Rolf] - Macquarie University<br /> *[http://www.informatics.sussex.ac.uk/users/drs22/ Scott, Donia] - University of Sussex<br /> *[http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/sekine Sekine, Satoshi] - New York University<br /> *[http://www.latl.unige.ch/personal/vseretan Seretan, Violeta] - University of Geneva<br /> *[http://sites.google.com/site/khaledshaalan/ Shaalan, Khaled] - Cairo University<br /> *[http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~shamsbaa/ Shams, Armin] - Metro College of Management Sciences, Manchester<br /> *[http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~shieber/ Shieber, Stuart] - Harvard University<br /> *[http://mysite.verizon.net/sidner Sidner, Candy] - BAE Systems, AIT<br /> *[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/sikorski/ Sikorski, Teresa] - University of Rochester<br /> *[http://www.lingsoft.fi/~silvonen/ Silvonen, Mikko] - Lingsoft, Inc.<br /> *[http://www.bultreebank.org/kivs/ Simov, Kiril] - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<br /> *[http://ltrc.iiit.net/anil Singh, Anil Kumar] - Language Technologies Research Centre (LTRC), International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Hyderabad, India<br /> *[http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/general/facultyhomes/jonathan.html Slocum, Jonathan] - The University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~nasmith Smith, Noah] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.cog.jhu.edu/faculty/smolensky.html Smolensky, Paul] - Johns Hopkins University<br /> *[http://www.ccl.umist.ac.uk/harold/ Somers, Harold] UMIST, Manchester<br /> *[http://www.ece.uiuc.edu/faculty/faculty.asp?rws Sproat, Richard] - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign<br /> *[http://www.coling.uni-freiburg.de/~staab/staab.html Staab, Steffen] - Freiburg University<br /> *[http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/linguistics/people/stabler/stabler.htm Stabler, Edward] - UCLA<br /> *[http://slt.wcl.ee.upatras.gr/stamatatos/personal.html Stamatatos, Efstathios] - University of Patras<br /> *[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~suzanne/ Stevenson, Suzanne] - University of Toronto<br /> *[http://isl.ira.uka.de/~stiefel Stiefelhagen, Rainer] - Universität Karlsruhe<br /> *[http://www.coling.uni-freiburg.de/~strube/strube.html Strube, Michael] - University of Freiburg<br /> *[http://lvs004.googlepages.com Subramaniam, L. Venkata] - IBM India Research Lab<br /> *[http://www.csi.uottawa.ca/~szpak/ Szpakowicz, Stan] - University of Ottawa<br /> *[http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> <br /> == T ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.sfu.ca/~mtaboada Taboada, Maite] - Simon Fraser University<br /> *[http://hnk.ffzg.hr/mt/ Tadic, Marko] - Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb<br /> *[http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/~tapanain Tapanainen, Pasi] - University of Helsinki<br /> *[http://www8.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/inf8/en/thabet.html Thabet, Iman] - University of Erlangen-Nuremberg<br /> *[http://www.siit.tu.ac.th/dirctory/ft_fac/thanaruk.html Theeramunkong, Thanaruk] - Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University<br /> *[http://www.objs.com/thompson.htm Thompson, Craig] - Object Services and Consulting, Inc.<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~tiedeman/blog/index.php?category=1 Tiedemann, Jörg] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://lia.univ-avignon.fr/fileadmin/documents/Users/Intranet/chercheurs/torres/ Torres-Moreno, Juan-Manuel] - LIA, Université d'Avignon (France)<br /> *[http://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa-people/traum.html Traum, David] - TECFA, Universite de Geneve<br /> *[http://www.hum.uit.no/a/trond/ Trosterud, Trond] - University of Tromsø<br /> *[http://www.racai.ro/~tufis/ Tufis, Dan] - Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Romanian Academy<br /> *[http://www.apperceptual.com/ Turney, Peter] - National Research Council of Canada<br /> <br /> == U ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~hansu Uszkoreit, Hans] - University of the Saarland and DFKI Saarbrücken<br /> <br /> == V ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.q-go.com/ van de Burgt, Stan P.] - Q-go.com<br /> *[http://www.ccl.kuleuven.be/~vincent/ccl/ Vandeghinste, Vincent] - K.U.Leuven<br /> *[http://ilk.uvt.nl/~antalb/ van den Bosch, Antal] - Tilburg University<br /> *[http://www.media.mit.edu/~nwv/ Van Dyke, Neil] - MIT Media Lab<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/ van Noord, Gertjan] University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.ua.es/personal/chelo.vargas Vargas, Chelo Sierra] - Universidad de Alicante<br /> *[http://grid.let.rug.nl/~mettina/ Veenstra, Mettina] University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~marc/home.html Verhagen, Marc] - Brandeis University<br /> *[http://www.up.univ-mrs.fr/veronis/ Véronis, Jean] - Université de Provence<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~vicedo/vicedo_en.html Vicedo, Jose Luis] - Alicante University<br /> *[http://www.inf.unisinos.br/~renata/ Vieira, Renata] - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil<br /> *[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~av208/ Villavicencio, Aline] - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil<br /> *[http://home.planet.nl/~weiss075/ Vossen, Piek] Irion Technologies<br /> *[http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/~avoutila/ Voutilainen, Atro] - University of Helsinki<br /> <br /> == W ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~wahlster/ Wahlster, Wolfgang] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://www.uindy.gr/faculty/cv/wallace_manolis/ Wallace, Manolis] - National Technical University of Athens<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~yww/ Wang, William Yang] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.nigelward.com/ Ward, Nigel]<br /> *[http://www.ribbitsoft.com/research/watson/index.html Watson, Bruce] Ribbit Soft.<br /> *[http://hiplab.newcastle.edu.au/~pwatters Watters, Paul A. ] U. of Newcastle, Australia<br /> *[http://www.nick-webb.net Webb, Nick] - SUNY Albany<br /> *[http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~rw37/ Weber, Rosina] - Drexel University<br /> *[http://www.ucsc.cmb.ac.lk/People/rw Weerasinghe, Ruvan] - University of Colombo School of Computing<br /> *[http://www.latl.unige.ch/personal/eric_f.html Wehrli, Eric] - University of Geneva<br /> *[http://www.cs.tu-berlin.de/~ww/ Weisweber, Wilhelm] - Technical University of Berlin<br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de Weimer, Markus] - University of Technology Darmstadt<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bonnie Webber, Bonnie Lynn] - University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~yorick Wilks, Yorick] - University of Sheffield<br /> *[http://cs.haifa.ac.il/~shuly Wintner, Shuly] - University of Haifa, Israel<br /> *[http://www.se.cuhk.edu.hk/~kfwong/ Wong, Kam-Fai] - Chinese University of Hong Kong<br /> *[http://explorer.csse.uwa.edu.au/resume Wong, Wilson] - University of Western Australia<br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ywwong/ Wong, Yuk Wah] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~wroec/ Wroe, Chris] - University of Manchester<br /> *[http://www.cs.ust.hk/faculty/dekai/bio.html Wu, Dekai] - HKUST<br /> <br /> == X ==<br /> *[http://faculty.washington.edu/fxia/ Xia, Fei] - University of Washington<br /> *[http://www1.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/~dyxiong/ Xiong, Deyi] - Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore<br /> <br /> == Y ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/yangarbe/ Yangarber, Roman] - University of Helsinki<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/yarowsky.html Yarowsky, David] - University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.icl.pku.edu.cn/member/yusw/ Yu, Shiwen] - Peking University<br /> *[http://www.denizyuret.com/ Yuret, Deniz] - Koç University<br /> <br /> == Z ==<br /> <br /> *[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~zabokrtsky Žabokrtský, Zdeněk] - Charles University in Prague<br /> *[http://ai-nlp.info.uniroma2.it/zanzotto Zanzotto, Fabio Massimo] - University of Roma Tor Vergata<br /> *[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~zeman/ Zeman, Dan] - Univerzita Karlova v&amp;nbsp;Praze<br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/ Zesch, Torsten] - Darmstadt University of Technology<br /> *[http://www1.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/~mzhang/ Zhang, Min] - Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore<br /> *[http://bcmi.sjtu.edu.cn/~zhaohai/ Zhao, Hai] - City University of Hong Kong<br /> *[http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~jerryzhu/ Zhu, Xiaojin (Jerry)] - University of Wisconsin, Madison<br /> *[http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~ingrid/ Zukerman, Ingrid] - Monash University</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=People&diff=9439 2012-06-25T08:54:09Z

<p>Creek: /* S */</p> <hr /> <div>This is a list of homepages of researchers in Computational Linguistics, in the form '''last name, first name - affiliation'''. <br /> <br /> See also [[Academic genealogy]], the genealogy of people with academic degrees, based on graduate supervisors being 'parents' and their graduate students being 'children'.<br /> <br /> == A ==<br /> <br /> *[http://littera.deusto.es/prof/abaitua Abaitua, Joseba] - Universidad de Deusto<br /> *[http://tony.abou-assaleh.net Abou-Assaleh, Tony] - Dalhousie University<br /> *[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~ladamic/ Adamic, Lada] - University of Michigan<br /> *[http://www.cond.org/ Adar, Eytan] - University of Washington<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~janal/ Alexandersson, Jan] - German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence<br /> *[http://www.ics.uci.edu/~boris Aleksandrovsky, Boris] UC Irvine<br /> *[http://www-scf.usc.edu/~alcazar/ Alcázar, Asier] - University of Southern California<br /> *[http://alfonseca.org/ Alfonseca, Enrique] - Google<br /> *[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/kidearen_argitalpenak?kidea=1000808989 Alegria, Iñaki] - University of the Basque Country<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~janal/ Alexandersson, Jan] German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence<br /> *[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/james/ Allen, James] - University of Rochester<br /> *[http://www.dc.fi.udc.es/~alonso/ Alonso, Miguel A.]<br /> *[http://www.linguist.jussieu.fr/~amsili/ Amsili, Pascal] - University of Paris 7 - Denis Diderot<br /> *[http://www.aueb.gr/users/ion/ Androutsopoulos, Ion] - Athens University of Economics and Business<br /> *[http://clwww.essex.ac.uk/~doug/ Arnold, Doug] Univ. of Essex<br /> *[http://www.ai.sri.com/~appelt/ Appelt, Doug ] SRI International<br /> *[http://korpus.dsl.dk/staff/ja/ Asmussen, Jörg] - DSL - Society for Danish Language and Literature, Copenhagen<br /> *[http://www.carleton.ca/~asudeh/ Asudeh, Ash] - Carleton University <br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~tania/ Avgustinova, Tania] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> <br /> == B ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~klb Baker, Kathryn] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/ Baldridge, Jason] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~tim/ Baldwin, Timothy] - University of Melbourne<br /> *[http://www.georgetown.edu/cball/cball.html Ball, Catherine] - Georgetown University<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~banerjee Banerjee, Satanjeev] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.lsi.upc.es/~batalla Batalla,Jordi Atserias] - UPC, Spain<br /> *[http://www5.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/Personen/batliner/ Batliner, Anton] - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-N&amp;uuml;rnberg<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~becker Becker, Tilman] - DFKI Saarbruecken, Germany<br /> *[http://faculty.washington.edu/ebender Bender, Emily] - University of Washington<br /> *[http://homepages.infoseek.com/~corpuslinguistics/homepage.html Berber,Tony] Sardinha<br /> *[http://richard.bergmair.eu/ Bergmair, Richard] University of Cambridge<br /> *[http://wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de/~cbiemann/ Biemann, Chris] - University of Leipzig, Germany<br /> *[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/students/kimb Binsted, Kim] University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~sb/ Bird, Steven] - University of Melbourne<br /> *[http://seneca.uab.es/filfrirom/Blanco.html Blanco, Xavier] - Autonomous University of Barcelona<br /> *[http://www.pdg.cnb.uam.es/blaschke/personalPage.html Blaschke, Christian]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~kalina/ Boncheva, Kalina] Univ. of Sheffield]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~kalina/ Bontcheva, Kalina] - Univ. of Sheffield<br /> *[http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/fcbond/ Bond, Francis] - Nanyang Technological University, Singapore<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/bos/ Bos, Johan] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~boufaden/ Boufaden, Narjès] - University of Montreal<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~gosse Bouma, Gosse] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.di.fc.ul.pt/~ahb/ Branco, Antonio] - University of Lisbon<br /> *[http://www.karlbranting.net Branting, Karl]<br /> *[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~thorsten Brants, Thorsten] - University of Saarland<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~brawer Brawer, Sascha] - University of the Saarland<br /> *[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~ebreck Breck, Eric] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://clwww.essex.ac.uk/~andrewb/ Bredenkamp, Andrew]<br /> *[http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/ Breen, Jim] - Monash University<br /> *[http://www.cog.jhu.edu/faculty/brent.html Brent,Michael R.] Johns Hopkins University<br /> *[http://www.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/~brewka/ Brewka] - Gerhard, University of Leipzig<br /> *[http://www.xsoft.com/ Breyman, Clark] Xerox Linguistic Technologies<br /> *[http://research.microsoft.com/%7Ebrill/ Brill, Eric] - Microsoft Research<br /> *[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/ejb/ Briscoe, Ted] - University of Cambridge<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~paulb Buitelaar, Paul] - DFKI<br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/razvan/ Bunescu, Razvan] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> <br /> == C ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.hinocatv.ne.jp/~price/ Caldwell, Price] - Meisei University<br /> *[http://www.acs.ilstu.edu/faculty/mecalif/calif.htm Califf,Mary Elaine] - Illinois State University<br /> *[http://ilk.uvt.nl/~sander/ Canisius, Sander] - Tilburg University<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/carberry.html Carberry, Sandra] - Univ. of Delaware, Univ. of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Faculty/Claire_Cardie.html Cardie, Claire] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/lab/nlp/carroll/carroll.html Carroll, John] - University of Sussex<br /> *[http://jones.ling.indiana.edu/~dcavar Cavar, Damir] - Indiana University, Bloomington<br /> *[http://tantek.com/map.html Celik, Tantek] - Technorati<br /> *[http://cer.freeshell.org Cer, Daniel] - University of Colorado at Boulder<br /> *[http://nlp.changwon.ac.kr/~jcha/ Cha, Jeongwon] - Changwon National University<br /> *[http://www.cs.uleth.ca/~chali Chali, Yllias] - University of Lethbridge<br /> *[http://www.cs.brown.edu/people/ec/home.html Charniak, Eugene] - Brown University<br /> *[http://iit-iti.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/personnel/chen_boxing_e.html Chen, Boxing] - National Research Council<br /> *[http://www.ciscl.unisi.it/persone/chesi.htm Chesi, Cristiano] - CISCL, University of Siena<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~chiang Chiang, David] - USC Information Sciences Institute<br /> *[http://www.alphabit.net/Docente/docente_eng.htm Chiari, Isabella] - University &quot;La Sapienza&quot; of Rome<br /> *[http://korterm.kaist.ac.kr/kschoi/ Choi, Key-Sun] - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology<br /> *[http://web.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/org/l/linguistics/www/chomsky.home.html Chomsky, Noam] - MIT<br /> *[http://research.microsoft.com/users/church/ Church, Kenneth] - Microsoft Research<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~fabio/ Ciravegna, Fabio] - University of Sheffield<br /> *[http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/work/stephen.clark/ Clark, Stephen] - University of Oxford<br /> *[http://compbio.uchsc.edu/Hunter_lab/Cohen Cohen, Kevin Bretonnel] - U. Colorado School of Medicine<br /> *[http://people.csail.mit.edu/u/m/mcollins/public_html/ Collins, Michael] - MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory<br /> *[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/aac10/ Copestake, Ann] - University of Cambridge<br /> *[http://lands.let.kun.nl/TSpublic/coppen Coppen, Peter-Arno] - University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands<br /> *[http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~gvcormac/ Cormack, Gordon] - University of Waterloo<br /> *[http://www.psych.qub.ac.uk/staff/teaching/cowie/index.aspx Cowie, Roddy] - Queen's University, Belfast<br /> *[http://www.biostat.wisc.edu/~craven/ Craven, Mark] - University of Wisconsin<br /> *[http://www2.ulster.ac.uk/staff/n.creaney.html Creaney, Norman] - University of Ulster<br /> *[http://www.dia.uniroma3.it/~crescenz/ Crescenzi, Valter] - Università Roma Tre<br /> *[http://thor.info.uaic.ro/~dcristea/ Cristea, Dan] - University of Iasi<br /> *[http://www.harlequin.com/ Crowe, Jeremy] - Harlequin Ltd.<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~hamish Cunningham, Hamish] - University of Sheffield<br /> *[http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~jc/ Cussens, James] - University of York<br /> <br /> == D ==<br /> *[http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~dagan/ Dagan, Ido] - Bar Ilan University, Israel<br /> *[http://conversational-technologies.com Dahl, Deborah] - Conversational Technologies<br /> *[http://stl.recherche.univ-lille3.fr/sitespersonnels/dal/index.html Dal, Georgette] - Universite de Lille<br /> *[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~rdale Dale, Robert] - Centre for Language Technology, Macquarie University<br /> *[http://www.cs.utah.edu/~hal/ Daumé III, Hal] - University of Utah<br /> *[http://davies-linguistics.byu.edu Davies, Mark] - Brigham Young University<br /> *[http://cs.haifa.ac.il/~edaya Daya, Ezra] - NICE Systems Ltd.<br /> *[http://www.csi.uottawa.ca/~delannoy Delannoy, Jean-Francois] - University of Ottawa<br /> *[http://www.uqtr.uquebec.ca/~delisle/index.html Delisle, Sylvain] UQTR<br /> *[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/denis Denis, Pascal] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.math.bas.bg/~iad/ Derzhanski, Ivan] - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<br /> *[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~dm/ Detmar Meurers, Walt] - The Ohio State University Linguistics Dept.<br /> *[http://www.limsi.fr/Individu/devil/ Devillers, Laurence] - LIMSI<br /> *[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/kidearen_argitalpenak?kidea=1000808994 Díaz de Ilarraza, Arantza] - University of Basque Country<br /> *[http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/bonnie/ Dorr, Bonnie] - University of Maryland<br /> *[http://www.nyu.edu/pages/linguistics/doughert.html Dougherty, Ray] - New York University<br /> *[http://www.ai.sri.com/~dowding Dowding, John] - SRI<br /> *[http://www.pcug.org.au/~jdowling/ Dowling, Jason] PC Users Group ACT Inc., Canberra, Australia<br /> <br /> == E ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.uni-bielefeld.de/lili/personen/cebert/ Ebert, Christian] - University of Bielefeld<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~eckle/ Eckle-Kohler, Judith]<br /> *[http://www.philipedmonds.com/ Edmonds, Philip] - University of Toronto<br /> *[http://cs.jhu.edu/~jason Eisner, Jason] - Johns Hopkins University<br /> *[http://www.cs.bgu.ac.il/~elhadad/ Elhadad, Michael] - Ben-Gurion University of the Negev<br /> *[http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~marke/ Ellison, T. Mark] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.ik.fh-hannover.de/ik/person/ben/ben.htm Endres-Niggemeyer, Brigitte] FH Hannover<br /> *[http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/info/perso/permanents/enguehard/ Enguehard, Chantal] - Laboratoire d'Informatique de Nantes Atlantique<br /> *[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~erbach/ Erbach, Gregor] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://nl.ijs.si/et/ Erjavec, Tomaz]<br /> *[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/erk/ Erk, Katrin] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.cogsci.uni-osnabrueck.de/~severt/ Evert, Stefan] - University of Osnabrück<br /> <br /> == F ==<br /> <br /> *[http://slt.wcl.ee.upatras.gr/Fakotakis/personal.htm Fakotakis, Nikos] - University of Patras<br /> *[http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/alex/home.htm Fang, Alex Chengyu] - University College London<br /> *[http://www.purl.org/net/fa Feldman, Anna] - Montclair State University<br /> *[http://wordnet.princeton.edu/~fellbaum/ Fellbaum, Christiane] - Princeton University<br /> *[http://ling.cuc.edu.cn/htliu/feng/feng.htm Feng, Zhiwei] - IAL of China<br /> *[http://staff.science.uva.nl/~raquel/ Fernandez, Raquel] - ILLC, University of Amsterdam<br /> *[http://www.cs.umbc.edu/~finin/ Finin, Tim] - University of Maryland<br /> *[http://lingo.stanford.edu/dan/ Flickinger, Dan] - CSLI, Stanford University<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~mlf/ Mikel Forcada] - Universitat d'Alacant<br /> *[http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~fosler Fosler-Lussier, Eric] - The Ohio State University<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~fouvry/ Fouvry, Frederik]<br /> *[http://www.cs.brown.edu/people/hjf/ Fox, Heidi] - Brown University, Metacarta<br /> *[http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~francez Francez, Nissim] - Technion, Israel<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ref/ Frederking, Robert] - Carnegie-Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.ee.ust.hk/~pascale/ Fung, Pascale] - Hong Kong University of Science and Technology<br /> <br /> == G ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~gabr Gabrilovich, Evgeniy]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~robertg/ Gaizauskas, Rob] - University of Sheffield<br /> *[http://www.sics.se/~gamback/ Gamback, Bjorn] - Swedish Institute of Computer Science<br /> *[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/students/narcisbg Gardella, Narcis Bassols] Univ. of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~claire/ Gardent, Claire] Universit&amp;auml;t des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://www.gelbukh.com/ Gelbukh, Alexander] - CIC-IPN<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/people/germann/ Germann, Ulrich] - ISI<br /> *[https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/girju/index.html Girju, Roxana] - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign<br /> *[http://tcc.itc.it/people/giuliano.html Giuliano, Claudio] - ITC-irst<br /> *[http://www.uni-salzburg.at/portal/page?_pageid=425,405845&amp;_dad=portal&amp;_schema=PORTAL Goebl, Hans] - Univeristät Salzburg<br /> *[http://www.cs.ucf.edu/~gomez Gomez, Fernando] ucf<br /> *[http://www.esi.uem.es/~jmgomez Gomez-Hidalgo, Jose-Maria] - UEM<br /> *[http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/faculty/stgries/ Gries, Stefan Th.] - UCSB<br /> *[http://cs.nyu.edu/cs/faculty/grishman/ Grishman, Ralph] - New York University<br /> *[http://das-www.harvard.edu/users/faculty/Barbara_Grosz/Barbara_Grosz.html Grosz, Barbara] - Harvard University<br /> *[http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/people/gruber/ Gruber, Tom] - Stanford University<br /> *[http://www.cs.duke.edu/~cig Guinn, Curry I.] - Duke U.<br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/ Gurevych, Iryna] - Darmstadt University of Technology<br /> *[http://www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/~guvenir/guvenir.html Guvenir, Altay] - Bilkent University<br /> <br /> == H ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.swan.ac.uk/french/web-content/staff/p-ten-hacken.html Hacken, Pius ten] - Swansea University<br /> *[http://www.coling.uni-freiburg.de/~hahn/hahn.html Hahn, Udo] - University of Freiburg<br /> *[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~hajic Hajič, Jan] - Charles University in Prague<br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~cuihang Hang, Cui] - National University of Singapore<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~hansen Hansen-Schirra, Silvia] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://renoir.vill.edu/faculty/hardt/html/home.html Hardt, Daniel] Villanova University<br /> *[http://128.147.244.54/dbmi/profile.cfm?ID=23751 Harkema, Henk] - University of Pittsburgh<br /> *[http://pi7.fernuni-hagen.de/hartrumpf/ Hartrumpf, Sven] - University of Hagen, Germany<br /> *[http://www.cis.udel.edu/~harvey/ Harvey, Terry]<br /> *[http://www.linguistik.uni-erlangen.de/~rrh/ Hausser, Roland] - University of Erlangen, Germany<br /> *[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst Hearst, Marti] - UC Berkeley<br /> *[http://www.cse.ogi.edu/~heeman Heeman, Peter] - OGI<br /> *[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jhender6/ Henderson, James] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.asp.ogi.edu/~hynek/ Hermansky, Hynek] - Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~ulf/ Hermjakob, Ulf] - USC/ISI<br /> *[http://www.esi.uem.es/~jmgomez/ Hidalgo, José María Gómez] - Universidad Europea de Madrid<br /> *[http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/staff/hess.html Hess, Michael] - Univ. of Zurich, Switzerland<br /> *[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~gh Hirst, Graeme] - University of Toronto<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~hobbs/ Jerry Hobbs] - USC/ISI<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~chogan Hogan, Christopher] - Carnegie-Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/people/hovy.html Hovy, Eduard] - ISI<br /> *[http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~jcl2/churen.htm Huang, Chu-Ren] - Academica Sinica<br /> *[http://www.cs.ucf.edu/~hull Hull, Richard] - University of Central Florida<br /> *[http://compbio.uchsc.edu/Hunter_lab/Hunter Hunter, Larry] - U. Colorado School of Medicine<br /> *[http://datamining.typepad.com/data_mining/ Hurst, Matthew] - BuzzMetrics<br /> *[http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/WJHutchins/ Hutchins, John]<br /> *[http://www.cs.pitt.edu/~hwa Hwa, Rebecca] - University of Pittsburgh<br /> <br /> == I ==<br /> <br /> == J ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/pjacobs.html Jacobs, Paul] - General Electric<br /> *[http://www.stanford.edu/~tiflo Jaeger, T. Flroian] - Stanford University<br /> *[http://ist.psu.edu/faculty_pages/jjansen/ Jansen, Jim] - Penn State<br /> *[http://www.cs.nyu.edu/~hengji Ji, Heng] - New York University<br /> *[http://www.cog.brown.edu/~mj Johnson, Mark] - Brown University<br /> *[http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~bernie/ Jones, Bernie] University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.ida.liu.se/~arnjo/ Jönsson, Arne] - Linkoping University<br /> <br /> == K ==<br /> *[http://cs.joensuu.fi/~tkakkone Kakkonen, Tuomo] - University of Joensuu<br /> *[http://www.ai.sri.com/~megumi Kameyama, Megumi] - SRI International<br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~kanmy Kan, Min-Yen] - National University of Singapore<br /> *[http://users.utu.fi/karhumak/ Karhumaki, Juhani] - University of Turku<br /> *[http://www.sics.se/~jussi/ Karlgren, Jussi] - SICS, Sweden<br /> *[http://www2.parc.com/istl/members/karttune/ Karttunen, Lauri]<br /> *[http://elex.amu.edu.pl/ifa/staff/kaszubski.html Kaszubski, Przemys&amp;#322;aw] - Adam Mickiewicz University<br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/rjkate/ Kate, Rohit J.] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~kazakov/ Kazakov, Dimitar] - University of York<br /> *[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/keller/ Keller, Frank] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.cs.dal.ca Keselj, Vlado] Dalhousie University<br /> *[http://www.mabidkhan.com/ Khan, Abid] - University of Peshawar, Pakistan<br /> *[http://www.itri.bton.ac.uk/~Adam.Kilgarriff Kilgarriff, Adam] - University of Brighton<br /> *[http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~sklein/sklein.html Klein, Sheldon] - University of Wisconsin<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~knight/ Knight, Kevin] - ISI<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~kobdani/ Kobdani, Hamidreza] - University of Stuttgart<br /> *[http://www.iccs.inf.ed.ac.uk/~pkoehn/ Koehn, Philipp] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://svenska.gu.se/~svedk Kokkinakis, Dimitrios] - Göteborg University<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~kordoni/ Kordoni, Valia] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://www.kornai.com/ Kornai, Andras]<br /> *[http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/~koskenni/ Koskenniemi, Kimmo] - University of Helsinki<br /> *[http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~kosseim/ Kosseim, Leila] - Concordia University, Montreal<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~zkozareva/ Kozareva, Zornitsa] - University of Alicante<br /> *[http://dis.tpd.tno.nl/mmts/wessel_kraaij.html Kraaij, Wessel] - TNO<br /> *[http://www-sk.let.uu.nl Krauwer, Steven, ELSNET] - Utrecht University<br /> *[http://external.nj.nec.com/homepages/krovetz/ Krovetz, Robert] NEC<br /> *[http://www.peter-kuehnlein.net/ Kuehnlein, Peter] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://jones.ling.indiana.edu/~skuebler/ Kuebler, Sandra] - Indiana University, Bloomington<br /> *[http://www.cs.ucd.ie/staff/nick/ Kushmerick, Nicholas] - University College, Dublin<br /> <br /> == L ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.ling.gu.se/~lager/ Lager, Torbjörn] - Göteborg University<br /> *[http://www.ict.csiro.au/staff/Andrew.Lampert/ Lampert, Andrew] - CSIRO ICT Centre / Macquarie University<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ianlane/ Lane, Ian] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://hlt.fbk.eu/en/people/lavelli/ Lavelli, Alberto] - FBK-IRST<br /> *[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jlawler/index.html Lawler, John] - University of Michigan<br /> *[http://nlp.postech.ac.kr/~gblee Lee, Geunbae] - POSTECH<br /> *[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/llee Lee, Lillian] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~mgl Lee, Mark] - University of Birmingham<br /> *[http://www.ling.lancs.ac.uk/staff/geoff/geoff.htm Leech, Geoffrey] - Professor LAMEL, Lancaster University, UK<br /> *[http://jochenleidner.com/ Leidner, Jochen L.] - Research Scientist, Thomson Reuters Corporation<br /> *[http://sites.google.com/site/olemon Lemon, Oliver] - Heriot-Watt University<br /> *[http://www.ilc.cnr.it/~lenci/ Lenci, Alessandro] - Università di Pisa<br /> *[http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~levow/ Levow, Gina-Anne] - University of Chicago<br /> *[http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~baoli/ Li, Baoli] - Georgia Institute of Technology<br /> *[http://www1.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/~hli/ Li, Haizhou] - Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore<br /> *[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~myl/ Liberman, Mark] - University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~cyl/ Lin, Chin-Yew] USC/ISI<br /> *[http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~lindek/ Lin, Dekang] - University of Alberta<br /> *[http://htliu.yeah.net/ Liu, Haitao] - Communication University of China<br /> *[http://nlp.ict.ac.cn/~liuqun/index_en.htm Liu, Qun] - Institute of Computing Technology, CAS<br /> *[http://mtgroup.ict.ac.cn/~liuyang/ Liu, Yang] - Institute of Computing Technology, CAS<br /> *[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~lopatkova Lopatková, Markéta] Charles University in Prague<br /> *[http://terra.di.fct.unl.pt/~gpl/ Lopes, Gabriel] New University of Lisbon<br /> *[http://www.langnat.com/~loupy/index-en.html Loupy, Claude de] - Universite de Paris X Nanterre<br /> *[http://www.personal.psu.edu/xxl13 Lu, Xiaofei] - Pennsylvania State University<br /> <br /> == M ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~andym/ MacFarlane, Andrew] - City University of London<br /> *[http://www.desilinguist.org Madnani, Nitin] - Educational Testing Service<br /> *[http://www-cs-students.Stanford.EDU/~magerman Magerman, David] - Stanford University<br /> *[http://tcc.itc.it/people/magnini.html Magnini, Bernardo] - ITC-IRST<br /> *[http://www.karacaymalkar.com Malkar, Karacay] - Webportal<br /> *[http://www.rohan.sdsu.edu/~malouf Malouf, Rob] - San Diego State University<br /> *[http://www.sultry.arts.usyd.edu.au/ Manning, Christopher] - University of Sydney<br /> *[http://www.demarcken.org/carl/ de Marcken, Carl] ITA Software<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~marcu/ Marcu, Daniel] - USC/ISI<br /> *[http://overstated.net/about Marlow, Cameron] - Yahoo! Research<br /> *[http://www.limsi.fr/Individu/martin/ Martin,Jean-Claude] - LIMSI<br /> *[http://www.yorku.ca/jmason/ Mason, James A.] - York University<br /> *[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~mpawel Mazur, Pawel] - Wroclaw University of Technology and Macquarie University<br /> *[http://www.informatics.susx.ac.uk/research/nlp/mccarthy/mccarthy.html McCarthy, Diana] - University of Sussex<br /> *[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/mmcconvi McConville, Mark] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://alum.mit.edu/www/davidmcdonald/ McDonald, David] - Smart Information Flow Technologies (SIFT)<br /> *[http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~kathy McKeown, Kathy] Columbia University<br /> *[http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mccoy/ McKoy, Kathy] - University of Delaware<br /> *[http://stp.lingfil.uu.se/~bea Megyesi, B. Beata] - Uppsala University<br /> *[http://cs.nyu.edu/~melamed Melamed, I. Dan] - New York University<br /> *[http://www.latl.unige.ch/personal/paola.html Merlo, Paola] - University of Geneva<br /> *[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~dm/ Meurers, Walt Detmar] OH State Linguistics<br /> *[http://www.csse.uwa.edu.au/~fontor/ Midgley, T. Daniel] - University of Western Australia<br /> *[http://www.cs.unt.edu/~rada Mihalcea, Rada] - University of North Texas<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~elenimi/ Miltsakaki, Eleni] - University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~mariam Milosavljevic, Maria] - Macquarie University<br /> *[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~mineur Mineur, Anne-Marie] University of the Saarland / Utrecht University<br /> *[http://imaginarycartography.com/work.html Minor, Joshua T.] - Cataphora, Inc.<br /> *[http://staff.science.uva.nl/~gilad/ Mishne, Gilad] - University of Amsterdam<br /> *[http://www.wlv.ac.uk/~le1825/main.html Mitkov, Ruslan] - University of Wolverhampton<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~begona/ Moirón, Begoña Villada] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/~molla/ Molla-Aliod, Diego] - University of Zurich<br /> *[http://www.dcs.qmul.ac.uk/~christof/ Monz, Christof] - University of Amsterdam (ILLC)<br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mooney/ Mooney, Raymond J.] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.signiform.com/erik/ Mueller, Erik] - IBM Research<br /> *[http://www.xn--stefan-mller-klb.net/ Müler, Stefan] - Universität Bremen<br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/people/mueller/ Müller, Christof] - Darmstadt University of Technology<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/eines/membre.cgi?id=eng&amp;nom=rafael&amp;tipus=pdi Muñoz, Rafael] - University of Alicante<br /> *[http://www.puran.info Malik, Abbas] - GETALP - LIG, Université de Grenoble<br /> <br /> == N ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ai-lab/people/grad/nahm.html Nahm, Un Yong] - University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.univ-nancy2.fr/pers/namer/ Namer, Fiammetta] - University of Nancy<br /> *[http://www.lr.pi.titech.ac.jp/~nanno/index.cgi?page=Tomoyuki+NANNO Nanno, Tomoyuki] - Tokyo Institute of Technology<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~borja/ Navarro, Borja] - University of Alicante, Spain<br /> *[http://tcc.itc.it/people/negri.html Negri, Matteo] - ITC-irst<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~nerbonne Nerbonne, John] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://cl-www.dfki.uni-sb.de/~neumann Neumann, Guenter] - DFKI, Saarbrücken<br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~nght Ng, Hwee Tou] - National University of Singapore<br /> *[http://www.hlt.utdallas.edu/~vince Ng, Vincent] - University of Texas at Dallas<br /> *[http://jdpowerwebintelligence.com/ Nicolov, Nicolas] - J.D. Power and Associates, McGraw-Hill<br /> *[http://www.slt.atr.co.jp/~night/ Nightingale, Stephen] - ATR Institute International<br /> *[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/mnissim/ Nissim, Malvina] - University of Bologna<br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~niuzheng Niu, Zheng-Yu] - NU Singapore<br /> *[http://w3.msi.vxu.se/~nivre/ Nivre, Joakim] - Växjö University<br /> *[http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/norvig.html Norvig, Peter]<br /> <br /> == O ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/~jon/ Oberlander, Jon] - U. Edinburgh<br /> *[http://people.sabanciuniv.edu/oflazer/ Oflazer, Kemal] - Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey<br /> *[http://www.loa-cnr.it/oltramari.html Oltramari, Alessandro] - Laboratory for Applied Ontology, Italian National Research Council<br /> *[http://www.wlv.ac.uk/~in6093/ Orasan, Constantin] - University of Wolverhampton<br /> *[http://www.bultreebank.org/petya/OsenovaPub.html Osenova, Petya] - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<br /> <br /> == P ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *[http://cst.dk/patrizia/ Paggio, Patrizia] - University of Copenhagen<br /> *[http://www.slt.atr.co.jp/~kpaik/ Paik, Kyonghee] - ATR Spoken Language Translation Research Laboratories<br /> *[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/People/pabo Pang, Bo] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://verbs.colorado.edu/~mpalmer/ Palmer, Martha] - University of Colorado<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~pantel/ Pantel, Patrick] - ISI/University of Southern California<br /> *[http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~becky/ Passonneau, Rebecca] Columbia University and Bellcore<br /> *[http://www.ilsp.gr/homepages/pastra_eng.html/ Pastra, Katerina] Institute for Language and Speech Processing<br /> *[http://www.cs.utah.edu/~sidd Patwardhan, Siddharth] - University of Utah<br /> *[http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/english.html Paulo Pardal] - Joana L&amp;sup2;F] - INESC-ID<br /> *[http://perswww.kuleuven.be/yves_peirsman Peirsman, Yves] - University of Leuven<br /> *[http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse Pedersen, Ted] - University of Minnesota, Duluth<br /> *[http://ai-nlp.info.uniroma2.it/pennacchiotti Pennacchiotti, Marco] - University of Roma Tor Vergata<br /> *[http://www.perry.com/ Perry, John] - UCLA<br /> *[http://tcc.itc.it/people/pianesi.html Pianesi, Fabio] - ITC-irst <br /> *[http://www.resegone.com/mapb/ Piccolino Boniforti, Marco Aldo] - Rovira i Virgili University<br /> *[http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/staff/poesio Poesio, Massimo] - University of Essex<br /> *[http://www.fas.umontreal.ca/ling/olst/polguereE Polguere, Alain] - Université de Montréal<br /> *[http://fas.sfu.ca/0h/cs/people/Faculty/Popowich/popowich Popowich, Fred] - Simon Fraser University<br /> *[http://nlp.ipipan.waw.pl/~adamp/ Przepiórkowski, Adam] - Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw<br /> *[http://www.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk/people/staff/pulman/ Pulman, Stephen] - Oxford University<br /> *[http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~jamesp Pustejovsky, James] - Brandeis University<br /> <br /> == Q ==<br /> <br /> == R ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~radev/ Radev, Dragomir] - University of Michigan<br /> *[http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~rambow/ Rambow, Owen] - CCLS, Columbia University<br /> *[http://www.fask.uni-mainz.de/user/rapp Rapp, Reinhard] - Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet Mainz<br /> *[http://www.cs.buffalo.edu/pub/WWW/faculty/rapaport/rapaport.html Rapaport, William J.] - SUNY Buffalo<br /> *[http://www.cam.sri.com/manny.html Rayner, Manny] SRI International<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/lrau.html Rau, Lisa]<br /> *[http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/users/paul/ Rayson, Paul] - Lancaster University<br /> *[http://sivareddy.in Reddy, Siva] - University of York, Lexical Computing Ltd, UK<br /> *[http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/~ereiter Reiter, Ehud] - University of Aberdeen<br /> *[http://www.dfki.uni-sb.de/~bert Reithinger, Norbert] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://www.reitter-it-media.de/ Reitter, David] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.ai.mit.edu/~jrennie/ Rennie, Jason] - MIT<br /> *[http://umiacs.umd.edu/~resnik Resnik, Philip] - University of Maryland, College Park<br /> *[http://www.cs.utah.edu/~riloff/ Riloff, Ellen] - University of Utah<br /> *[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/ringger/ Ringger, Eric,] - University of Rochester<br /> *[http://www.di.ufpe.br/~jr Robin, Jacques, Federal] - University of Pernambuco, Brazil.<br /> *[http://www.univ-ab.pt/~vjr/ Rocio, Vitor] - Open University, Lisbon<br /> *[http://www.prodrigues.com/ Rodrigues, Paul] - Indiana University, Bloomington<br /> *[http://www.uteroemer.de/ Romer, Ute] University of Hanover<br /> *[http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/mr249/ Rooth, Mats] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu Roth, Dan] - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign<br /> *[http://www.public.asu.edu/~droussi/ Roussinov, Dmitri] - Arizona State University<br /> *[http://www.hi.is/~eirikur/ Rögnvaldsson, Eiríkur] - University of Iceland<br /> *[http://www.uteroemer.de/ Römer, Ute] - University of Hanover<br /> *[http://people.csail.mit.edu/arum Rumshisky, Anna] - MIT<br /> *[http://rykov-cl.narod.ru/ Rykov, Vladimir]<br /> *[http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> <br /> == S ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~christer Samuelsson, Christer] Bell Labs<br /> *[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/kidearen_argitalpenak?kidea=1000809006 Sarasola, Kepa] - University of the Basque Country<br /> *[http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~anoop/ Sarkar, Anoop] - currently at Simon Fraser University, formerly at University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/yutaka.sasaki/ Sasaki, Yutaka] - University of Manchester<br /> *[http://www.cog.jhu.edu/~savova/ Savova, Virginia] - MIT<br /> *[http://www.dei.unipd.it/~satta Satta, Giorgio] University of Padua<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~uschaefer Schaefer, Ulrich] - German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence<br /> *[http://www7.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/~scheler Scheler] - Gabriele, TU München<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~mike/ Schiehlen, Michael] - University of Stuttgart<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~schmid/ Schmid, Helmut] - University of Stuttgart<br /> *[http://www.kde.cs.uni-kassel.de/schmitz Schmitz, Christoph] - Universität Kassel<br /> *[http://www.schulteimwalde.de/ Schulte im Walde, Sabine] - Institute for Natural Language Processing, University of Stuttgart<br /> *[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~rolfs Schwitter, Rolf] - Macquarie University<br /> *[http://www.informatics.sussex.ac.uk/users/drs22/ Scott, Donia] - University of Sussex<br /> *[http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/sekine Sekine, Satoshi] - New York University<br /> *[http://www.latl.unige.ch/personal/vseretan Seretan, Violeta] - University of Geneva<br /> *[http://sites.google.com/site/khaledshaalan/ Shaalan, Khaled] - Cairo University<br /> *[http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~shamsbaa/ Shams, Armin] - Metro College of Management Sciences, Manchester<br /> *[http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~shieber/ Shieber, Stuart] - Harvard University<br /> *[http://mysite.verizon.net/sidner Sidner, Candy] - BAE Systems, AIT<br /> *[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/sikorski/ Sikorski, Teresa] - University of Rochester<br /> *[http://www.lingsoft.fi/~silvonen/ Silvonen, Mikko] - Lingsoft, Inc.<br /> *[http://www.bultreebank.org/kivs/ Simov, Kiril] - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<br /> *[http://ltrc.iiit.net/anil Singh, Anil Kumar] - Language Technologies Research Centre (LTRC), International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Hyderabad, India<br /> *[http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/general/facultyhomes/jonathan.html Slocum, Jonathan] - The University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~nasmith Smith, Noah] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.cog.jhu.edu/faculty/smolensky.html Smolensky, Paul] - Johns Hopkins University<br /> *[http://www.ccl.umist.ac.uk/harold/ Somers, Harold] UMIST, Manchester<br /> *[http://www.ece.uiuc.edu/faculty/faculty.asp?rws Sproat, Richard] - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign<br /> *[http://www.coling.uni-freiburg.de/~staab/staab.html Staab, Steffen] - Freiburg University<br /> *[http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/linguistics/people/stabler/stabler.htm Stabler, Edward] - UCLA<br /> *[http://slt.wcl.ee.upatras.gr/stamatatos/personal.html Stamatatos, Efstathios] - University of Patras<br /> *[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~suzanne/ Stevenson, Suzanne] - University of Toronto<br /> *[http://isl.ira.uka.de/~stiefel Stiefelhagen, Rainer] - Universität Karlsruhe<br /> *[http://www.coling.uni-freiburg.de/~strube/strube.html Strube, Michael] - University of Freiburg<br /> *[http://lvs004.googlepages.com Subramaniam, L. Venkata] - IBM India Research Lab<br /> *[http://www.csi.uottawa.ca/~szpak/ Szpakowicz, Stan] - University of Ottawa<br /> *[http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> <br /> == T ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.sfu.ca/~mtaboada Taboada, Maite] - Simon Fraser University<br /> *[http://hnk.ffzg.hr/mt/ Tadic, Marko] - Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb<br /> *[http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/~tapanain Tapanainen, Pasi] - University of Helsinki<br /> *[http://www8.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/inf8/en/thabet.html Thabet, Iman] - University of Erlangen-Nuremberg<br /> *[http://www.siit.tu.ac.th/dirctory/ft_fac/thanaruk.html Theeramunkong, Thanaruk] - Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University<br /> *[http://www.objs.com/thompson.htm Thompson, Craig] - Object Services and Consulting, Inc.<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~tiedeman/blog/index.php?category=1 Tiedemann, Jörg] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://lia.univ-avignon.fr/fileadmin/documents/Users/Intranet/chercheurs/torres/ Torres-Moreno, Juan-Manuel] - LIA, Université d'Avignon (France)<br /> *[http://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa-people/traum.html Traum, David] - TECFA, Universite de Geneve<br /> *[http://www.hum.uit.no/a/trond/ Trosterud, Trond] - University of Tromsø<br /> *[http://www.racai.ro/~tufis/ Tufis, Dan] - Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Romanian Academy<br /> *[http://www.apperceptual.com/ Turney, Peter] - National Research Council of Canada<br /> <br /> == U ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~hansu Uszkoreit, Hans] - University of the Saarland and DFKI Saarbrücken<br /> <br /> == V ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.q-go.com/ van de Burgt, Stan P.] - Q-go.com<br /> *[http://www.ccl.kuleuven.be/~vincent/ccl/ Vandeghinste, Vincent] - K.U.Leuven<br /> *[http://ilk.uvt.nl/~antalb/ van den Bosch, Antal] - Tilburg University<br /> *[http://www.media.mit.edu/~nwv/ Van Dyke, Neil] - MIT Media Lab<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/ van Noord, Gertjan] University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.ua.es/personal/chelo.vargas Vargas, Chelo Sierra] - Universidad de Alicante<br /> *[http://grid.let.rug.nl/~mettina/ Veenstra, Mettina] University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~marc/home.html Verhagen, Marc] - Brandeis University<br /> *[http://www.up.univ-mrs.fr/veronis/ Véronis, Jean] - Université de Provence<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~vicedo/vicedo_en.html Vicedo, Jose Luis] - Alicante University<br /> *[http://www.inf.unisinos.br/~renata/ Vieira, Renata] - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil<br /> *[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~av208/ Villavicencio, Aline] - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil<br /> *[http://home.planet.nl/~weiss075/ Vossen, Piek] Irion Technologies<br /> *[http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/~avoutila/ Voutilainen, Atro] - University of Helsinki<br /> <br /> == W ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~wahlster/ Wahlster, Wolfgang] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://www.uindy.gr/faculty/cv/wallace_manolis/ Wallace, Manolis] - National Technical University of Athens<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~yww/ Wang, William Yang] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.nigelward.com/ Ward, Nigel]<br /> *[http://www.ribbitsoft.com/research/watson/index.html Watson, Bruce] Ribbit Soft.<br /> *[http://hiplab.newcastle.edu.au/~pwatters Watters, Paul A. ] U. of Newcastle, Australia<br /> *[http://www.nick-webb.net Webb, Nick] - SUNY Albany<br /> *[http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~rw37/ Weber, Rosina] - Drexel University<br /> *[http://www.ucsc.cmb.ac.lk/People/rw Weerasinghe, Ruvan] - University of Colombo School of Computing<br /> *[http://www.latl.unige.ch/personal/eric_f.html Wehrli, Eric] - University of Geneva<br /> *[http://www.cs.tu-berlin.de/~ww/ Weisweber, Wilhelm] - Technical University of Berlin<br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de Weimer, Markus] - University of Technology Darmstadt<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bonnie Webber, Bonnie Lynn] - University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~yorick Wilks, Yorick] - University of Sheffield<br /> *[http://cs.haifa.ac.il/~shuly Wintner, Shuly] - University of Haifa, Israel<br /> *[http://www.se.cuhk.edu.hk/~kfwong/ Wong, Kam-Fai] - Chinese University of Hong Kong<br /> *[http://explorer.csse.uwa.edu.au/resume Wong, Wilson] - University of Western Australia<br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ywwong/ Wong, Yuk Wah] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~wroec/ Wroe, Chris] - University of Manchester<br /> *[http://www.cs.ust.hk/faculty/dekai/bio.html Wu, Dekai] - HKUST<br /> <br /> == X ==<br /> *[http://faculty.washington.edu/fxia/ Xia, Fei] - University of Washington<br /> *[http://www1.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/~dyxiong/ Xiong, Deyi] - Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore<br /> <br /> == Y ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/yangarbe/ Yangarber, Roman] - University of Helsinki<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/yarowsky.html Yarowsky, David] - University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.icl.pku.edu.cn/member/yusw/ Yu, Shiwen] - Peking University<br /> *[http://www.denizyuret.com/ Yuret, Deniz] - Koç University<br /> <br /> == Z ==<br /> <br /> *[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~zabokrtsky Žabokrtský, Zdeněk] - Charles University in Prague<br /> *[http://ai-nlp.info.uniroma2.it/zanzotto Zanzotto, Fabio Massimo] - University of Roma Tor Vergata<br /> *[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~zeman/ Zeman, Dan] - Univerzita Karlova v&amp;nbsp;Praze<br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/ Zesch, Torsten] - Darmstadt University of Technology<br /> *[http://www1.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/~mzhang/ Zhang, Min] - Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore<br /> *[http://bcmi.sjtu.edu.cn/~zhaohai/ Zhao, Hai] - City University of Hong Kong<br /> *[http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~jerryzhu/ Zhu, Xiaojin (Jerry)] - University of Wisconsin, Madison<br /> *[http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~ingrid/ Zukerman, Ingrid] - Monash University</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=People&diff=9438 2012-06-25T08:53:24Z

<p>Creek: /* R */</p> <hr /> <div>This is a list of homepages of researchers in Computational Linguistics, in the form '''last name, first name - affiliation'''. <br /> <br /> See also [[Academic genealogy]], the genealogy of people with academic degrees, based on graduate supervisors being 'parents' and their graduate students being 'children'.<br /> <br /> == A ==<br /> <br /> *[http://littera.deusto.es/prof/abaitua Abaitua, Joseba] - Universidad de Deusto<br /> *[http://tony.abou-assaleh.net Abou-Assaleh, Tony] - Dalhousie University<br /> *[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~ladamic/ Adamic, Lada] - University of Michigan<br /> *[http://www.cond.org/ Adar, Eytan] - University of Washington<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~janal/ Alexandersson, Jan] - German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence<br /> *[http://www.ics.uci.edu/~boris Aleksandrovsky, Boris] UC Irvine<br /> *[http://www-scf.usc.edu/~alcazar/ Alcázar, Asier] - University of Southern California<br /> *[http://alfonseca.org/ Alfonseca, Enrique] - Google<br /> *[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/kidearen_argitalpenak?kidea=1000808989 Alegria, Iñaki] - University of the Basque Country<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~janal/ Alexandersson, Jan] German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence<br /> *[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/james/ Allen, James] - University of Rochester<br /> *[http://www.dc.fi.udc.es/~alonso/ Alonso, Miguel A.]<br /> *[http://www.linguist.jussieu.fr/~amsili/ Amsili, Pascal] - University of Paris 7 - Denis Diderot<br /> *[http://www.aueb.gr/users/ion/ Androutsopoulos, Ion] - Athens University of Economics and Business<br /> *[http://clwww.essex.ac.uk/~doug/ Arnold, Doug] Univ. of Essex<br /> *[http://www.ai.sri.com/~appelt/ Appelt, Doug ] SRI International<br /> *[http://korpus.dsl.dk/staff/ja/ Asmussen, Jörg] - DSL - Society for Danish Language and Literature, Copenhagen<br /> *[http://www.carleton.ca/~asudeh/ Asudeh, Ash] - Carleton University <br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~tania/ Avgustinova, Tania] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> <br /> == B ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~klb Baker, Kathryn] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/jbaldrid/ Baldridge, Jason] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~tim/ Baldwin, Timothy] - University of Melbourne<br /> *[http://www.georgetown.edu/cball/cball.html Ball, Catherine] - Georgetown University<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~banerjee Banerjee, Satanjeev] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.lsi.upc.es/~batalla Batalla,Jordi Atserias] - UPC, Spain<br /> *[http://www5.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/Personen/batliner/ Batliner, Anton] - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-N&amp;uuml;rnberg<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~becker Becker, Tilman] - DFKI Saarbruecken, Germany<br /> *[http://faculty.washington.edu/ebender Bender, Emily] - University of Washington<br /> *[http://homepages.infoseek.com/~corpuslinguistics/homepage.html Berber,Tony] Sardinha<br /> *[http://richard.bergmair.eu/ Bergmair, Richard] University of Cambridge<br /> *[http://wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de/~cbiemann/ Biemann, Chris] - University of Leipzig, Germany<br /> *[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/students/kimb Binsted, Kim] University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~sb/ Bird, Steven] - University of Melbourne<br /> *[http://seneca.uab.es/filfrirom/Blanco.html Blanco, Xavier] - Autonomous University of Barcelona<br /> *[http://www.pdg.cnb.uam.es/blaschke/personalPage.html Blaschke, Christian]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~kalina/ Boncheva, Kalina] Univ. of Sheffield]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~kalina/ Bontcheva, Kalina] - Univ. of Sheffield<br /> *[http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/fcbond/ Bond, Francis] - Nanyang Technological University, Singapore<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/bos/ Bos, Johan] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~boufaden/ Boufaden, Narjès] - University of Montreal<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~gosse Bouma, Gosse] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.di.fc.ul.pt/~ahb/ Branco, Antonio] - University of Lisbon<br /> *[http://www.karlbranting.net Branting, Karl]<br /> *[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~thorsten Brants, Thorsten] - University of Saarland<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~brawer Brawer, Sascha] - University of the Saarland<br /> *[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~ebreck Breck, Eric] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://clwww.essex.ac.uk/~andrewb/ Bredenkamp, Andrew]<br /> *[http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/ Breen, Jim] - Monash University<br /> *[http://www.cog.jhu.edu/faculty/brent.html Brent,Michael R.] Johns Hopkins University<br /> *[http://www.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/~brewka/ Brewka] - Gerhard, University of Leipzig<br /> *[http://www.xsoft.com/ Breyman, Clark] Xerox Linguistic Technologies<br /> *[http://research.microsoft.com/%7Ebrill/ Brill, Eric] - Microsoft Research<br /> *[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/ejb/ Briscoe, Ted] - University of Cambridge<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~paulb Buitelaar, Paul] - DFKI<br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/razvan/ Bunescu, Razvan] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> <br /> == C ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.hinocatv.ne.jp/~price/ Caldwell, Price] - Meisei University<br /> *[http://www.acs.ilstu.edu/faculty/mecalif/calif.htm Califf,Mary Elaine] - Illinois State University<br /> *[http://ilk.uvt.nl/~sander/ Canisius, Sander] - Tilburg University<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/carberry.html Carberry, Sandra] - Univ. of Delaware, Univ. of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Faculty/Claire_Cardie.html Cardie, Claire] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/lab/nlp/carroll/carroll.html Carroll, John] - University of Sussex<br /> *[http://jones.ling.indiana.edu/~dcavar Cavar, Damir] - Indiana University, Bloomington<br /> *[http://tantek.com/map.html Celik, Tantek] - Technorati<br /> *[http://cer.freeshell.org Cer, Daniel] - University of Colorado at Boulder<br /> *[http://nlp.changwon.ac.kr/~jcha/ Cha, Jeongwon] - Changwon National University<br /> *[http://www.cs.uleth.ca/~chali Chali, Yllias] - University of Lethbridge<br /> *[http://www.cs.brown.edu/people/ec/home.html Charniak, Eugene] - Brown University<br /> *[http://iit-iti.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/personnel/chen_boxing_e.html Chen, Boxing] - National Research Council<br /> *[http://www.ciscl.unisi.it/persone/chesi.htm Chesi, Cristiano] - CISCL, University of Siena<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~chiang Chiang, David] - USC Information Sciences Institute<br /> *[http://www.alphabit.net/Docente/docente_eng.htm Chiari, Isabella] - University &quot;La Sapienza&quot; of Rome<br /> *[http://korterm.kaist.ac.kr/kschoi/ Choi, Key-Sun] - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology<br /> *[http://web.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/org/l/linguistics/www/chomsky.home.html Chomsky, Noam] - MIT<br /> *[http://research.microsoft.com/users/church/ Church, Kenneth] - Microsoft Research<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~fabio/ Ciravegna, Fabio] - University of Sheffield<br /> *[http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/work/stephen.clark/ Clark, Stephen] - University of Oxford<br /> *[http://compbio.uchsc.edu/Hunter_lab/Cohen Cohen, Kevin Bretonnel] - U. Colorado School of Medicine<br /> *[http://people.csail.mit.edu/u/m/mcollins/public_html/ Collins, Michael] - MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory<br /> *[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/aac10/ Copestake, Ann] - University of Cambridge<br /> *[http://lands.let.kun.nl/TSpublic/coppen Coppen, Peter-Arno] - University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands<br /> *[http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~gvcormac/ Cormack, Gordon] - University of Waterloo<br /> *[http://www.psych.qub.ac.uk/staff/teaching/cowie/index.aspx Cowie, Roddy] - Queen's University, Belfast<br /> *[http://www.biostat.wisc.edu/~craven/ Craven, Mark] - University of Wisconsin<br /> *[http://www2.ulster.ac.uk/staff/n.creaney.html Creaney, Norman] - University of Ulster<br /> *[http://www.dia.uniroma3.it/~crescenz/ Crescenzi, Valter] - Università Roma Tre<br /> *[http://thor.info.uaic.ro/~dcristea/ Cristea, Dan] - University of Iasi<br /> *[http://www.harlequin.com/ Crowe, Jeremy] - Harlequin Ltd.<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~hamish Cunningham, Hamish] - University of Sheffield<br /> *[http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~jc/ Cussens, James] - University of York<br /> <br /> == D ==<br /> *[http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~dagan/ Dagan, Ido] - Bar Ilan University, Israel<br /> *[http://conversational-technologies.com Dahl, Deborah] - Conversational Technologies<br /> *[http://stl.recherche.univ-lille3.fr/sitespersonnels/dal/index.html Dal, Georgette] - Universite de Lille<br /> *[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~rdale Dale, Robert] - Centre for Language Technology, Macquarie University<br /> *[http://www.cs.utah.edu/~hal/ Daumé III, Hal] - University of Utah<br /> *[http://davies-linguistics.byu.edu Davies, Mark] - Brigham Young University<br /> *[http://cs.haifa.ac.il/~edaya Daya, Ezra] - NICE Systems Ltd.<br /> *[http://www.csi.uottawa.ca/~delannoy Delannoy, Jean-Francois] - University of Ottawa<br /> *[http://www.uqtr.uquebec.ca/~delisle/index.html Delisle, Sylvain] UQTR<br /> *[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/denis Denis, Pascal] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.math.bas.bg/~iad/ Derzhanski, Ivan] - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<br /> *[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~dm/ Detmar Meurers, Walt] - The Ohio State University Linguistics Dept.<br /> *[http://www.limsi.fr/Individu/devil/ Devillers, Laurence] - LIMSI<br /> *[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/kidearen_argitalpenak?kidea=1000808994 Díaz de Ilarraza, Arantza] - University of Basque Country<br /> *[http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/bonnie/ Dorr, Bonnie] - University of Maryland<br /> *[http://www.nyu.edu/pages/linguistics/doughert.html Dougherty, Ray] - New York University<br /> *[http://www.ai.sri.com/~dowding Dowding, John] - SRI<br /> *[http://www.pcug.org.au/~jdowling/ Dowling, Jason] PC Users Group ACT Inc., Canberra, Australia<br /> <br /> == E ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.uni-bielefeld.de/lili/personen/cebert/ Ebert, Christian] - University of Bielefeld<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~eckle/ Eckle-Kohler, Judith]<br /> *[http://www.philipedmonds.com/ Edmonds, Philip] - University of Toronto<br /> *[http://cs.jhu.edu/~jason Eisner, Jason] - Johns Hopkins University<br /> *[http://www.cs.bgu.ac.il/~elhadad/ Elhadad, Michael] - Ben-Gurion University of the Negev<br /> *[http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~marke/ Ellison, T. Mark] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.ik.fh-hannover.de/ik/person/ben/ben.htm Endres-Niggemeyer, Brigitte] FH Hannover<br /> *[http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/info/perso/permanents/enguehard/ Enguehard, Chantal] - Laboratoire d'Informatique de Nantes Atlantique<br /> *[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~erbach/ Erbach, Gregor] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://nl.ijs.si/et/ Erjavec, Tomaz]<br /> *[http://comp.ling.utexas.edu/erk/ Erk, Katrin] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.cogsci.uni-osnabrueck.de/~severt/ Evert, Stefan] - University of Osnabrück<br /> <br /> == F ==<br /> <br /> *[http://slt.wcl.ee.upatras.gr/Fakotakis/personal.htm Fakotakis, Nikos] - University of Patras<br /> *[http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/alex/home.htm Fang, Alex Chengyu] - University College London<br /> *[http://www.purl.org/net/fa Feldman, Anna] - Montclair State University<br /> *[http://wordnet.princeton.edu/~fellbaum/ Fellbaum, Christiane] - Princeton University<br /> *[http://ling.cuc.edu.cn/htliu/feng/feng.htm Feng, Zhiwei] - IAL of China<br /> *[http://staff.science.uva.nl/~raquel/ Fernandez, Raquel] - ILLC, University of Amsterdam<br /> *[http://www.cs.umbc.edu/~finin/ Finin, Tim] - University of Maryland<br /> *[http://lingo.stanford.edu/dan/ Flickinger, Dan] - CSLI, Stanford University<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~mlf/ Mikel Forcada] - Universitat d'Alacant<br /> *[http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~fosler Fosler-Lussier, Eric] - The Ohio State University<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~fouvry/ Fouvry, Frederik]<br /> *[http://www.cs.brown.edu/people/hjf/ Fox, Heidi] - Brown University, Metacarta<br /> *[http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~francez Francez, Nissim] - Technion, Israel<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ref/ Frederking, Robert] - Carnegie-Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.ee.ust.hk/~pascale/ Fung, Pascale] - Hong Kong University of Science and Technology<br /> <br /> == G ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~gabr Gabrilovich, Evgeniy]<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~robertg/ Gaizauskas, Rob] - University of Sheffield<br /> *[http://www.sics.se/~gamback/ Gamback, Bjorn] - Swedish Institute of Computer Science<br /> *[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/students/narcisbg Gardella, Narcis Bassols] Univ. of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~claire/ Gardent, Claire] Universit&amp;auml;t des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://www.gelbukh.com/ Gelbukh, Alexander] - CIC-IPN<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/people/germann/ Germann, Ulrich] - ISI<br /> *[https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/girju/index.html Girju, Roxana] - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign<br /> *[http://tcc.itc.it/people/giuliano.html Giuliano, Claudio] - ITC-irst<br /> *[http://www.uni-salzburg.at/portal/page?_pageid=425,405845&amp;_dad=portal&amp;_schema=PORTAL Goebl, Hans] - Univeristät Salzburg<br /> *[http://www.cs.ucf.edu/~gomez Gomez, Fernando] ucf<br /> *[http://www.esi.uem.es/~jmgomez Gomez-Hidalgo, Jose-Maria] - UEM<br /> *[http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/faculty/stgries/ Gries, Stefan Th.] - UCSB<br /> *[http://cs.nyu.edu/cs/faculty/grishman/ Grishman, Ralph] - New York University<br /> *[http://das-www.harvard.edu/users/faculty/Barbara_Grosz/Barbara_Grosz.html Grosz, Barbara] - Harvard University<br /> *[http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/people/gruber/ Gruber, Tom] - Stanford University<br /> *[http://www.cs.duke.edu/~cig Guinn, Curry I.] - Duke U.<br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/ Gurevych, Iryna] - Darmstadt University of Technology<br /> *[http://www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/~guvenir/guvenir.html Guvenir, Altay] - Bilkent University<br /> <br /> == H ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.swan.ac.uk/french/web-content/staff/p-ten-hacken.html Hacken, Pius ten] - Swansea University<br /> *[http://www.coling.uni-freiburg.de/~hahn/hahn.html Hahn, Udo] - University of Freiburg<br /> *[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~hajic Hajič, Jan] - Charles University in Prague<br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~cuihang Hang, Cui] - National University of Singapore<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~hansen Hansen-Schirra, Silvia] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://renoir.vill.edu/faculty/hardt/html/home.html Hardt, Daniel] Villanova University<br /> *[http://128.147.244.54/dbmi/profile.cfm?ID=23751 Harkema, Henk] - University of Pittsburgh<br /> *[http://pi7.fernuni-hagen.de/hartrumpf/ Hartrumpf, Sven] - University of Hagen, Germany<br /> *[http://www.cis.udel.edu/~harvey/ Harvey, Terry]<br /> *[http://www.linguistik.uni-erlangen.de/~rrh/ Hausser, Roland] - University of Erlangen, Germany<br /> *[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst Hearst, Marti] - UC Berkeley<br /> *[http://www.cse.ogi.edu/~heeman Heeman, Peter] - OGI<br /> *[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jhender6/ Henderson, James] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.asp.ogi.edu/~hynek/ Hermansky, Hynek] - Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~ulf/ Hermjakob, Ulf] - USC/ISI<br /> *[http://www.esi.uem.es/~jmgomez/ Hidalgo, José María Gómez] - Universidad Europea de Madrid<br /> *[http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/staff/hess.html Hess, Michael] - Univ. of Zurich, Switzerland<br /> *[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~gh Hirst, Graeme] - University of Toronto<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~hobbs/ Jerry Hobbs] - USC/ISI<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~chogan Hogan, Christopher] - Carnegie-Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/people/hovy.html Hovy, Eduard] - ISI<br /> *[http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~jcl2/churen.htm Huang, Chu-Ren] - Academica Sinica<br /> *[http://www.cs.ucf.edu/~hull Hull, Richard] - University of Central Florida<br /> *[http://compbio.uchsc.edu/Hunter_lab/Hunter Hunter, Larry] - U. Colorado School of Medicine<br /> *[http://datamining.typepad.com/data_mining/ Hurst, Matthew] - BuzzMetrics<br /> *[http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/WJHutchins/ Hutchins, John]<br /> *[http://www.cs.pitt.edu/~hwa Hwa, Rebecca] - University of Pittsburgh<br /> <br /> == I ==<br /> <br /> == J ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/pjacobs.html Jacobs, Paul] - General Electric<br /> *[http://www.stanford.edu/~tiflo Jaeger, T. Flroian] - Stanford University<br /> *[http://ist.psu.edu/faculty_pages/jjansen/ Jansen, Jim] - Penn State<br /> *[http://www.cs.nyu.edu/~hengji Ji, Heng] - New York University<br /> *[http://www.cog.brown.edu/~mj Johnson, Mark] - Brown University<br /> *[http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~bernie/ Jones, Bernie] University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.ida.liu.se/~arnjo/ Jönsson, Arne] - Linkoping University<br /> <br /> == K ==<br /> *[http://cs.joensuu.fi/~tkakkone Kakkonen, Tuomo] - University of Joensuu<br /> *[http://www.ai.sri.com/~megumi Kameyama, Megumi] - SRI International<br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~kanmy Kan, Min-Yen] - National University of Singapore<br /> *[http://users.utu.fi/karhumak/ Karhumaki, Juhani] - University of Turku<br /> *[http://www.sics.se/~jussi/ Karlgren, Jussi] - SICS, Sweden<br /> *[http://www2.parc.com/istl/members/karttune/ Karttunen, Lauri]<br /> *[http://elex.amu.edu.pl/ifa/staff/kaszubski.html Kaszubski, Przemys&amp;#322;aw] - Adam Mickiewicz University<br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/rjkate/ Kate, Rohit J.] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~kazakov/ Kazakov, Dimitar] - University of York<br /> *[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/keller/ Keller, Frank] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.cs.dal.ca Keselj, Vlado] Dalhousie University<br /> *[http://www.mabidkhan.com/ Khan, Abid] - University of Peshawar, Pakistan<br /> *[http://www.itri.bton.ac.uk/~Adam.Kilgarriff Kilgarriff, Adam] - University of Brighton<br /> *[http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~sklein/sklein.html Klein, Sheldon] - University of Wisconsin<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~knight/ Knight, Kevin] - ISI<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~kobdani/ Kobdani, Hamidreza] - University of Stuttgart<br /> *[http://www.iccs.inf.ed.ac.uk/~pkoehn/ Koehn, Philipp] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://svenska.gu.se/~svedk Kokkinakis, Dimitrios] - Göteborg University<br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~kordoni/ Kordoni, Valia] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://www.kornai.com/ Kornai, Andras]<br /> *[http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/~koskenni/ Koskenniemi, Kimmo] - University of Helsinki<br /> *[http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~kosseim/ Kosseim, Leila] - Concordia University, Montreal<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~zkozareva/ Kozareva, Zornitsa] - University of Alicante<br /> *[http://dis.tpd.tno.nl/mmts/wessel_kraaij.html Kraaij, Wessel] - TNO<br /> *[http://www-sk.let.uu.nl Krauwer, Steven, ELSNET] - Utrecht University<br /> *[http://external.nj.nec.com/homepages/krovetz/ Krovetz, Robert] NEC<br /> *[http://www.peter-kuehnlein.net/ Kuehnlein, Peter] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://jones.ling.indiana.edu/~skuebler/ Kuebler, Sandra] - Indiana University, Bloomington<br /> *[http://www.cs.ucd.ie/staff/nick/ Kushmerick, Nicholas] - University College, Dublin<br /> <br /> == L ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.ling.gu.se/~lager/ Lager, Torbjörn] - Göteborg University<br /> *[http://www.ict.csiro.au/staff/Andrew.Lampert/ Lampert, Andrew] - CSIRO ICT Centre / Macquarie University<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ianlane/ Lane, Ian] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://hlt.fbk.eu/en/people/lavelli/ Lavelli, Alberto] - FBK-IRST<br /> *[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jlawler/index.html Lawler, John] - University of Michigan<br /> *[http://nlp.postech.ac.kr/~gblee Lee, Geunbae] - POSTECH<br /> *[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/llee Lee, Lillian] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~mgl Lee, Mark] - University of Birmingham<br /> *[http://www.ling.lancs.ac.uk/staff/geoff/geoff.htm Leech, Geoffrey] - Professor LAMEL, Lancaster University, UK<br /> *[http://jochenleidner.com/ Leidner, Jochen L.] - Research Scientist, Thomson Reuters Corporation<br /> *[http://sites.google.com/site/olemon Lemon, Oliver] - Heriot-Watt University<br /> *[http://www.ilc.cnr.it/~lenci/ Lenci, Alessandro] - Università di Pisa<br /> *[http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~levow/ Levow, Gina-Anne] - University of Chicago<br /> *[http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~baoli/ Li, Baoli] - Georgia Institute of Technology<br /> *[http://www1.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/~hli/ Li, Haizhou] - Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore<br /> *[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~myl/ Liberman, Mark] - University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~cyl/ Lin, Chin-Yew] USC/ISI<br /> *[http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~lindek/ Lin, Dekang] - University of Alberta<br /> *[http://htliu.yeah.net/ Liu, Haitao] - Communication University of China<br /> *[http://nlp.ict.ac.cn/~liuqun/index_en.htm Liu, Qun] - Institute of Computing Technology, CAS<br /> *[http://mtgroup.ict.ac.cn/~liuyang/ Liu, Yang] - Institute of Computing Technology, CAS<br /> *[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~lopatkova Lopatková, Markéta] Charles University in Prague<br /> *[http://terra.di.fct.unl.pt/~gpl/ Lopes, Gabriel] New University of Lisbon<br /> *[http://www.langnat.com/~loupy/index-en.html Loupy, Claude de] - Universite de Paris X Nanterre<br /> *[http://www.personal.psu.edu/xxl13 Lu, Xiaofei] - Pennsylvania State University<br /> <br /> == M ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~andym/ MacFarlane, Andrew] - City University of London<br /> *[http://www.desilinguist.org Madnani, Nitin] - Educational Testing Service<br /> *[http://www-cs-students.Stanford.EDU/~magerman Magerman, David] - Stanford University<br /> *[http://tcc.itc.it/people/magnini.html Magnini, Bernardo] - ITC-IRST<br /> *[http://www.karacaymalkar.com Malkar, Karacay] - Webportal<br /> *[http://www.rohan.sdsu.edu/~malouf Malouf, Rob] - San Diego State University<br /> *[http://www.sultry.arts.usyd.edu.au/ Manning, Christopher] - University of Sydney<br /> *[http://www.demarcken.org/carl/ de Marcken, Carl] ITA Software<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~marcu/ Marcu, Daniel] - USC/ISI<br /> *[http://overstated.net/about Marlow, Cameron] - Yahoo! Research<br /> *[http://www.limsi.fr/Individu/martin/ Martin,Jean-Claude] - LIMSI<br /> *[http://www.yorku.ca/jmason/ Mason, James A.] - York University<br /> *[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~mpawel Mazur, Pawel] - Wroclaw University of Technology and Macquarie University<br /> *[http://www.informatics.susx.ac.uk/research/nlp/mccarthy/mccarthy.html McCarthy, Diana] - University of Sussex<br /> *[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/mmcconvi McConville, Mark] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://alum.mit.edu/www/davidmcdonald/ McDonald, David] - Smart Information Flow Technologies (SIFT)<br /> *[http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~kathy McKeown, Kathy] Columbia University<br /> *[http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mccoy/ McKoy, Kathy] - University of Delaware<br /> *[http://stp.lingfil.uu.se/~bea Megyesi, B. Beata] - Uppsala University<br /> *[http://cs.nyu.edu/~melamed Melamed, I. Dan] - New York University<br /> *[http://www.latl.unige.ch/personal/paola.html Merlo, Paola] - University of Geneva<br /> *[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~dm/ Meurers, Walt Detmar] OH State Linguistics<br /> *[http://www.csse.uwa.edu.au/~fontor/ Midgley, T. Daniel] - University of Western Australia<br /> *[http://www.cs.unt.edu/~rada Mihalcea, Rada] - University of North Texas<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~elenimi/ Miltsakaki, Eleni] - University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~mariam Milosavljevic, Maria] - Macquarie University<br /> *[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~mineur Mineur, Anne-Marie] University of the Saarland / Utrecht University<br /> *[http://imaginarycartography.com/work.html Minor, Joshua T.] - Cataphora, Inc.<br /> *[http://staff.science.uva.nl/~gilad/ Mishne, Gilad] - University of Amsterdam<br /> *[http://www.wlv.ac.uk/~le1825/main.html Mitkov, Ruslan] - University of Wolverhampton<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~begona/ Moirón, Begoña Villada] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/~molla/ Molla-Aliod, Diego] - University of Zurich<br /> *[http://www.dcs.qmul.ac.uk/~christof/ Monz, Christof] - University of Amsterdam (ILLC)<br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mooney/ Mooney, Raymond J.] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.signiform.com/erik/ Mueller, Erik] - IBM Research<br /> *[http://www.xn--stefan-mller-klb.net/ Müler, Stefan] - Universität Bremen<br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/people/mueller/ Müller, Christof] - Darmstadt University of Technology<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/eines/membre.cgi?id=eng&amp;nom=rafael&amp;tipus=pdi Muñoz, Rafael] - University of Alicante<br /> *[http://www.puran.info Malik, Abbas] - GETALP - LIG, Université de Grenoble<br /> <br /> == N ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ai-lab/people/grad/nahm.html Nahm, Un Yong] - University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.univ-nancy2.fr/pers/namer/ Namer, Fiammetta] - University of Nancy<br /> *[http://www.lr.pi.titech.ac.jp/~nanno/index.cgi?page=Tomoyuki+NANNO Nanno, Tomoyuki] - Tokyo Institute of Technology<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~borja/ Navarro, Borja] - University of Alicante, Spain<br /> *[http://tcc.itc.it/people/negri.html Negri, Matteo] - ITC-irst<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~nerbonne Nerbonne, John] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://cl-www.dfki.uni-sb.de/~neumann Neumann, Guenter] - DFKI, Saarbrücken<br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~nght Ng, Hwee Tou] - National University of Singapore<br /> *[http://www.hlt.utdallas.edu/~vince Ng, Vincent] - University of Texas at Dallas<br /> *[http://jdpowerwebintelligence.com/ Nicolov, Nicolas] - J.D. Power and Associates, McGraw-Hill<br /> *[http://www.slt.atr.co.jp/~night/ Nightingale, Stephen] - ATR Institute International<br /> *[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/mnissim/ Nissim, Malvina] - University of Bologna<br /> *[http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~niuzheng Niu, Zheng-Yu] - NU Singapore<br /> *[http://w3.msi.vxu.se/~nivre/ Nivre, Joakim] - Växjö University<br /> *[http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/norvig.html Norvig, Peter]<br /> <br /> == O ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/~jon/ Oberlander, Jon] - U. Edinburgh<br /> *[http://people.sabanciuniv.edu/oflazer/ Oflazer, Kemal] - Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey<br /> *[http://www.loa-cnr.it/oltramari.html Oltramari, Alessandro] - Laboratory for Applied Ontology, Italian National Research Council<br /> *[http://www.wlv.ac.uk/~in6093/ Orasan, Constantin] - University of Wolverhampton<br /> *[http://www.bultreebank.org/petya/OsenovaPub.html Osenova, Petya] - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<br /> <br /> == P ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *[http://cst.dk/patrizia/ Paggio, Patrizia] - University of Copenhagen<br /> *[http://www.slt.atr.co.jp/~kpaik/ Paik, Kyonghee] - ATR Spoken Language Translation Research Laboratories<br /> *[http://www.cs.cornell.edu/People/pabo Pang, Bo] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://verbs.colorado.edu/~mpalmer/ Palmer, Martha] - University of Colorado<br /> *[http://www.isi.edu/~pantel/ Pantel, Patrick] - ISI/University of Southern California<br /> *[http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~becky/ Passonneau, Rebecca] Columbia University and Bellcore<br /> *[http://www.ilsp.gr/homepages/pastra_eng.html/ Pastra, Katerina] Institute for Language and Speech Processing<br /> *[http://www.cs.utah.edu/~sidd Patwardhan, Siddharth] - University of Utah<br /> *[http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/english.html Paulo Pardal] - Joana L&amp;sup2;F] - INESC-ID<br /> *[http://perswww.kuleuven.be/yves_peirsman Peirsman, Yves] - University of Leuven<br /> *[http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse Pedersen, Ted] - University of Minnesota, Duluth<br /> *[http://ai-nlp.info.uniroma2.it/pennacchiotti Pennacchiotti, Marco] - University of Roma Tor Vergata<br /> *[http://www.perry.com/ Perry, John] - UCLA<br /> *[http://tcc.itc.it/people/pianesi.html Pianesi, Fabio] - ITC-irst <br /> *[http://www.resegone.com/mapb/ Piccolino Boniforti, Marco Aldo] - Rovira i Virgili University<br /> *[http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/staff/poesio Poesio, Massimo] - University of Essex<br /> *[http://www.fas.umontreal.ca/ling/olst/polguereE Polguere, Alain] - Université de Montréal<br /> *[http://fas.sfu.ca/0h/cs/people/Faculty/Popowich/popowich Popowich, Fred] - Simon Fraser University<br /> *[http://nlp.ipipan.waw.pl/~adamp/ Przepiórkowski, Adam] - Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw<br /> *[http://www.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk/people/staff/pulman/ Pulman, Stephen] - Oxford University<br /> *[http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~jamesp Pustejovsky, James] - Brandeis University<br /> <br /> == Q ==<br /> <br /> == R ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~radev/ Radev, Dragomir] - University of Michigan<br /> *[http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~rambow/ Rambow, Owen] - CCLS, Columbia University<br /> *[http://www.fask.uni-mainz.de/user/rapp Rapp, Reinhard] - Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet Mainz<br /> *[http://www.cs.buffalo.edu/pub/WWW/faculty/rapaport/rapaport.html Rapaport, William J.] - SUNY Buffalo<br /> *[http://www.cam.sri.com/manny.html Rayner, Manny] SRI International<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/lrau.html Rau, Lisa]<br /> *[http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/users/paul/ Rayson, Paul] - Lancaster University<br /> *[http://sivareddy.in Reddy, Siva] - University of York, Lexical Computing Ltd, UK<br /> *[http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/~ereiter Reiter, Ehud] - University of Aberdeen<br /> *[http://www.dfki.uni-sb.de/~bert Reithinger, Norbert] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://www.reitter-it-media.de/ Reitter, David] - University of Edinburgh<br /> *[http://www.ai.mit.edu/~jrennie/ Rennie, Jason] - MIT<br /> *[http://umiacs.umd.edu/~resnik Resnik, Philip] - University of Maryland, College Park<br /> *[http://www.cs.utah.edu/~riloff/ Riloff, Ellen] - University of Utah<br /> *[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/ringger/ Ringger, Eric,] - University of Rochester<br /> *[http://www.di.ufpe.br/~jr Robin, Jacques, Federal] - University of Pernambuco, Brazil.<br /> *[http://www.univ-ab.pt/~vjr/ Rocio, Vitor] - Open University, Lisbon<br /> *[http://www.prodrigues.com/ Rodrigues, Paul] - Indiana University, Bloomington<br /> *[http://www.uteroemer.de/ Romer, Ute] University of Hanover<br /> *[http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/mr249/ Rooth, Mats] - Cornell University<br /> *[http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu Roth, Dan] - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign<br /> *[http://www.public.asu.edu/~droussi/ Roussinov, Dmitri] - Arizona State University<br /> *[http://www.hi.is/~eirikur/ Rögnvaldsson, Eiríkur] - University of Iceland<br /> *[http://www.uteroemer.de/ Römer, Ute] - University of Hanover<br /> *[http://people.csail.mit.edu/arum Rumshisky, Anna] - MIT<br /> *[http://rykov-cl.narod.ru/ Rykov, Vladimir]<br /> *[http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> <br /> == S ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *[http://coli.uni-sb.de/~christer Samuelsson, Christer] Bell Labs<br /> *[http://ixa.si.ehu.es/Ixa/Argitalpenak/kidearen_argitalpenak?kidea=1000809006 Sarasola, Kepa] - University of the Basque Country<br /> *[http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~anoop/ Sarkar, Anoop] - currently at Simon Fraser University, formerly at University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/yutaka.sasaki/ Sasaki, Yutaka] - University of Manchester<br /> *[http://www.cog.jhu.edu/~savova/ Savova, Virginia] - MIT<br /> *[http://www.dei.unipd.it/~satta Satta, Giorgio] University of Padua<br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~uschaefer Schaefer, Ulrich] - German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence<br /> *[http://www7.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/~scheler Scheler] - Gabriele, TU München<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~mike/ Schiehlen, Michael] - University of Stuttgart<br /> *[http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~schmid/ Schmid, Helmut] - University of Stuttgart<br /> *[http://www.kde.cs.uni-kassel.de/schmitz Schmitz, Christoph] - Universität Kassel<br /> *[http://www.schulteimwalde.de/ Schulte im Walde, Sabine] - Institute for Natural Language Processing, University of Stuttgart<br /> *[http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~rolfs Schwitter, Rolf] - Macquarie University<br /> *[http://www.informatics.sussex.ac.uk/users/drs22/ Scott, Donia] - University of Sussex<br /> *[http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/sekine Sekine, Satoshi] - New York University<br /> *[http://www.latl.unige.ch/personal/vseretan Seretan, Violeta] - University of Geneva<br /> *[http://sites.google.com/site/khaledshaalan/ Shaalan, Khaled] - Cairo University<br /> *[http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~shamsbaa/ Shams, Armin] - Metro College of Management Sciences, Manchester<br /> *[http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~shieber/ Shieber, Stuart] - Harvard University<br /> *[http://mysite.verizon.net/sidner Sidner, Candy] - BAE Systems, AIT<br /> *[http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/sikorski/ Sikorski, Teresa] - University of Rochester<br /> *[http://www.lingsoft.fi/~silvonen/ Silvonen, Mikko] - Lingsoft, Inc.<br /> *[http://www.bultreebank.org/kivs/ Simov, Kiril] - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<br /> *[http://ltrc.iiit.net/anil Singh, Anil Kumar] - Language Technologies Research Centre (LTRC), International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Hyderabad, India<br /> *[http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/general/facultyhomes/jonathan.html Slocum, Jonathan] - The University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~nasmith Smith, Noah] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.cog.jhu.edu/faculty/smolensky.html Smolensky, Paul] - Johns Hopkins University<br /> *[http://www.ccl.umist.ac.uk/harold/ Somers, Harold] UMIST, Manchester<br /> *[http://www.ece.uiuc.edu/faculty/faculty.asp?rws Sproat, Richard] - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign<br /> *[http://www.coling.uni-freiburg.de/~staab/staab.html Staab, Steffen] - Freiburg University<br /> *[http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/linguistics/people/stabler/stabler.htm Stabler, Edward] - UCLA<br /> *[http://slt.wcl.ee.upatras.gr/stamatatos/personal.html Stamatatos, Efstathios] - University of Patras<br /> *[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~suzanne/ Stevenson, Suzanne] - University of Toronto<br /> *[http://isl.ira.uka.de/~stiefel Stiefelhagen, Rainer] - Universität Karlsruhe<br /> *[http://www.coling.uni-freiburg.de/~strube/strube.html Strube, Michael] - University of Freiburg<br /> *[http://lvs004.googlepages.com Subramaniam, L. Venkata] - IBM India Research Lab<br /> *[http://www.csi.uottawa.ca/~szpak/ Szpakowicz, Stan] - University of Ottawa<br /> <br /> == T ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.sfu.ca/~mtaboada Taboada, Maite] - Simon Fraser University<br /> *[http://hnk.ffzg.hr/mt/ Tadic, Marko] - Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb<br /> *[http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/~tapanain Tapanainen, Pasi] - University of Helsinki<br /> *[http://www8.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/inf8/en/thabet.html Thabet, Iman] - University of Erlangen-Nuremberg<br /> *[http://www.siit.tu.ac.th/dirctory/ft_fac/thanaruk.html Theeramunkong, Thanaruk] - Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University<br /> *[http://www.objs.com/thompson.htm Thompson, Craig] - Object Services and Consulting, Inc.<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~tiedeman/blog/index.php?category=1 Tiedemann, Jörg] - University of Groningen<br /> *[http://lia.univ-avignon.fr/fileadmin/documents/Users/Intranet/chercheurs/torres/ Torres-Moreno, Juan-Manuel] - LIA, Université d'Avignon (France)<br /> *[http://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa-people/traum.html Traum, David] - TECFA, Universite de Geneve<br /> *[http://www.hum.uit.no/a/trond/ Trosterud, Trond] - University of Tromsø<br /> *[http://www.racai.ro/~tufis/ Tufis, Dan] - Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Romanian Academy<br /> *[http://www.apperceptual.com/ Turney, Peter] - National Research Council of Canada<br /> <br /> == U ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~hansu Uszkoreit, Hans] - University of the Saarland and DFKI Saarbrücken<br /> <br /> == V ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.q-go.com/ van de Burgt, Stan P.] - Q-go.com<br /> *[http://www.ccl.kuleuven.be/~vincent/ccl/ Vandeghinste, Vincent] - K.U.Leuven<br /> *[http://ilk.uvt.nl/~antalb/ van den Bosch, Antal] - Tilburg University<br /> *[http://www.media.mit.edu/~nwv/ Van Dyke, Neil] - MIT Media Lab<br /> *[http://www.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/ van Noord, Gertjan] University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.ua.es/personal/chelo.vargas Vargas, Chelo Sierra] - Universidad de Alicante<br /> *[http://grid.let.rug.nl/~mettina/ Veenstra, Mettina] University of Groningen<br /> *[http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~marc/home.html Verhagen, Marc] - Brandeis University<br /> *[http://www.up.univ-mrs.fr/veronis/ Véronis, Jean] - Université de Provence<br /> *[http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~vicedo/vicedo_en.html Vicedo, Jose Luis] - Alicante University<br /> *[http://www.inf.unisinos.br/~renata/ Vieira, Renata] - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil<br /> *[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~av208/ Villavicencio, Aline] - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil<br /> *[http://home.planet.nl/~weiss075/ Vossen, Piek] Irion Technologies<br /> *[http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/~avoutila/ Voutilainen, Atro] - University of Helsinki<br /> <br /> == W ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.dfki.de/~wahlster/ Wahlster, Wolfgang] - Universität des Saarlandes<br /> *[http://www.uindy.gr/faculty/cv/wallace_manolis/ Wallace, Manolis] - National Technical University of Athens<br /> *[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~yww/ Wang, William Yang] - Carnegie Mellon University<br /> *[http://www.nigelward.com/ Ward, Nigel]<br /> *[http://www.ribbitsoft.com/research/watson/index.html Watson, Bruce] Ribbit Soft.<br /> *[http://hiplab.newcastle.edu.au/~pwatters Watters, Paul A. ] U. of Newcastle, Australia<br /> *[http://www.nick-webb.net Webb, Nick] - SUNY Albany<br /> *[http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~rw37/ Weber, Rosina] - Drexel University<br /> *[http://www.ucsc.cmb.ac.lk/People/rw Weerasinghe, Ruvan] - University of Colombo School of Computing<br /> *[http://www.latl.unige.ch/personal/eric_f.html Wehrli, Eric] - University of Geneva<br /> *[http://www.cs.tu-berlin.de/~ww/ Weisweber, Wilhelm] - Technical University of Berlin<br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de Weimer, Markus] - University of Technology Darmstadt<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bonnie Webber, Bonnie Lynn] - University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~yorick Wilks, Yorick] - University of Sheffield<br /> *[http://cs.haifa.ac.il/~shuly Wintner, Shuly] - University of Haifa, Israel<br /> *[http://www.se.cuhk.edu.hk/~kfwong/ Wong, Kam-Fai] - Chinese University of Hong Kong<br /> *[http://explorer.csse.uwa.edu.au/resume Wong, Wilson] - University of Western Australia<br /> *[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ywwong/ Wong, Yuk Wah] - University of Texas at Austin<br /> *[http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~wroec/ Wroe, Chris] - University of Manchester<br /> *[http://www.cs.ust.hk/faculty/dekai/bio.html Wu, Dekai] - HKUST<br /> <br /> == X ==<br /> *[http://faculty.washington.edu/fxia/ Xia, Fei] - University of Washington<br /> *[http://www1.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/~dyxiong/ Xiong, Deyi] - Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore<br /> <br /> == Y ==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/yangarbe/ Yangarber, Roman] - University of Helsinki<br /> *[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cliff-group/94/yarowsky.html Yarowsky, David] - University of Pennsylvania<br /> *[http://www.icl.pku.edu.cn/member/yusw/ Yu, Shiwen] - Peking University<br /> *[http://www.denizyuret.com/ Yuret, Deniz] - Koç University<br /> <br /> == Z ==<br /> <br /> *[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~zabokrtsky Žabokrtský, Zdeněk] - Charles University in Prague<br /> *[http://ai-nlp.info.uniroma2.it/zanzotto Zanzotto, Fabio Massimo] - University of Roma Tor Vergata<br /> *[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~zeman/ Zeman, Dan] - Univerzita Karlova v&amp;nbsp;Praze<br /> *[http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/ Zesch, Torsten] - Darmstadt University of Technology<br /> *[http://www1.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/~mzhang/ Zhang, Min] - Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore<br /> *[http://bcmi.sjtu.edu.cn/~zhaohai/ Zhao, Hai] - City University of Hong Kong<br /> *[http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~jerryzhu/ Zhu, Xiaojin (Jerry)] - University of Wisconsin, Madison<br /> *[http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~ingrid/ Zukerman, Ingrid] - Monash University</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Parsing_(State_of_the_art)&diff=9437 2012-06-25T08:52:28Z

<p>Creek: </p> <hr /> <div>* '''Performance measure:''' PARSEVAL - the [http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/evalb/ evalb] program<br /> * '''Training data:''' sections 2-21 of Wall Street Journal corpus<br /> * '''Testing data:''' section 23 of Wall Street Journal corpus<br /> <br /> <br /> == Table of results ==<br /> <br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! System name<br /> ! Short description<br /> ! Main publications<br /> ! Software<br /> ! Results (PARSEVAL)<br /> ! Comments<br /> |-<br /> | Charniak &amp; Johnson's Parser<br /> | Lexicalized N-Best PCFG + Discriminative reranking<br /> | Johnson and Charniak (2005)<br /> | [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> | 91.4%<br /> | also works well on Brown <br /> |-<br /> | Self-trained Charniak &amp; Johnson Parser<br /> | Above + self-training on ~2 million raw sentences from NANC<br /> | McClosky, Charniak, and Johnson (2006)<br /> | [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]<br /> | 92.1%<br /> | also works well on Brown <br /> |-<br /> | Collins' Parser<br /> | Lexicalized PCFG<br /> | Collins (1999), Bikel (2004)<br /> | [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~dbikel/software.html Dan Bikel's implementation]<br /> | ?<br /> | ?<br /> |-<br /> | Berkeley Parser<br /> | Automatically induced PCFG<br /> | Petrov et al. (2006), Petrov and Klein (2007)<br /> | [http://nlp.cs.berkeley.edu/Main.html#Parsing Berkeley Parser]<br /> | 90.1%<br /> | works well also for Chinese and German<br /> |-<br /> | Link Grammar<br /> | Dependency grammar<br /> | Temperley, Sleator, Lafferty, others (1995-2006)<br /> | [http://www.abisource.com/projects/link-grammar/ Actively supported project]<br /> | ?<br /> | Persian, Arabic, Chinese, German, Russian dictionaries have been developed.<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Bikel, D. (2004). ''[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~dbikel/papers/thesis.pdf On The Parameter Space of Generative Lexicalized Statistical Parsing Models]''. PhD Thesis, Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania.<br /> <br /> Collins, M. (1999). ''[http://people.csail.mit.edu/mcollins/papers/thesis.ps Head-driven Statistical Models for Natural Language Parsing]''. PhD Thesis, Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania.<br /> <br /> Charniak, E. and Johnson, M. (2005). [http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P05/P05-1022.pdf Coarse-to-fine n-best parsing and MaxEnt discriminative reranking]. ''Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the ACL'', pages 173–180, Ann Arbor, June 2005.<br /> <br /> McClosky, D., Charniak, E., and Johnson, M. (2006) [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N/N06/N06-1020.pdf Effective Self-Training for Parsing]. ''Proceedings of HLT/NAACL 2006'', pages 152-159, New York City, USA, June 2006.<br /> <br /> Petrov, S., Barrett, L., Thibaux, R., and Klein, D. (2006). [http://nlp.cs.berkeley.edu/pubs/Petrov-Barrett-Thibaux-Klein_2006_Learning_paper.pdf Learning accurate, compact, and interpretable tree annotation]. ''Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the ACL'', pages 433–440, Sydney.<br /> <br /> Petrov, S., and Klein, D. (2007). [http://nlp.cs.berkeley.edu/pubs/Petrov-Klein_2007_Inference_paper.pdf Improved inference for unlexicalized parsing]. ''Proceedings of NAACL 2007'', pages 404-411.<br /> <br /> Sleator, Daniel &amp; Davy Temperly (1993) &quot;[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/link/pub/www/papers/ps/LG-IWPT93.pdf Parsing English with a Link Grammar]&quot;, ''Third International Workshop on Parsing Technologies''.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[State of the art]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * PARSEVAL - the [http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/evalb/ evalb] program<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:State of the art]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Paraphrase_Identification_(State_of_the_art)&diff=9436 2012-06-25T08:51:36Z

<p>Creek: </p> <hr /> <div>* '''source''': [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/downloads/607D14D9-20CD-47E3-85BC-A2F65CD28042/default.aspx Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus] (MSRP)<br /> * '''task''': given a pair of sentences, classify them as paraphrases or not paraphrases<br /> * '''see''': Dolan et al. (2004)<br /> * '''train''': 4,076 sentence pairs (2,753 positive: 67.5%)<br /> * '''test''': 1,725 sentence pairs (1,147 positive: 66.5%)<br /> <br /> <br /> == Sample data ==<br /> <br /> * '''Sentence 1''': Amrozi accused his brother, whom he called &quot;the witness&quot;, of deliberately distorting his evidence.<br /> * '''Sentence 2''': Referring to him as only &quot;the witness&quot;, Amrozi accused his brother of deliberately distorting his evidence.<br /> * '''Class''': 1 (true paraphrase)<br /> <br /> <br /> == Table of results ==<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Algorithm<br /> ! Reference<br /> ! Description<br /> ! Accuracy<br /> ! F<br /> |-<br /> | FHS<br /> | Finch et al. (2005)<br /> | supervised combination of MT evaluation measures as features<br /> | 75.0%<br /> | 82.7%<br /> |-<br /> | KM<br /> | Kozareva and Montoyo (2006)<br /> | supervised combination of lexical and semantic features<br /> | 76.6%<br /> | 79.6%<br /> |-<br /> | RMLMG<br /> | Rus et al. (2008)<br /> | unsupervised graph subsumption<br /> | 70.6%<br /> | 80.5%<br /> |-<br /> | MCS<br /> | Mihalcea et al. (2006)<br /> | unsupervised combination of several word similarity measures<br /> | 70.3%<br /> | 81.3%<br /> |-<br /> | STS<br /> | Islam and Inkpen (2007)<br /> | unsupervised combination of semantic and string similarity<br /> | 72.6%<br /> | 81.3%<br /> |-<br /> | QKC<br /> | Qiu et al. (2006)<br /> | supervised sentence dissimilarity classification<br /> | 72.0%<br /> | 81.6%<br /> |-<br /> | matrixJcn<br /> | Fernando and Stevenson (2008)<br /> | unsupervised JCN WordNet similarity with matrix<br /> | 74.1%<br /> | 82.4%<br /> |-<br /> | WDDP<br /> | Wan et al. (2006)<br /> | supervised dependency-based features<br /> | 75.6%<br /> | 83.0%<br /> |-<br /> | SHPNM<br /> | Socher et al. (2011)<br /> | supervised recursive autoencoder with dynamic pooling<br /> | 76.8%<br /> | 83.6%<br /> |-<br /> | MTMETRICS<br /> | Madnani et al. (2012)<br /> | supervised combination of eight machine translation metrics<br /> | 77.4%<br /> | 84.1%<br /> |-<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Dolan, B., Quirk, C., and Brockett, C. (2004). [http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/C/C04/C04-1051.pdf Unsupervised construction of large paraphrase corpora: Exploiting massively parallel news sources], ''Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2004)'', Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 350-356.<br /> <br /> Fernando, S., and Stevenson, M. (2008). [http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~samf/clukPaper.pdf A semantic similarity approach to paraphrase detection], ''Computational Linguistics UK (CLUK 2008) 11th Annual Research Colloquium''.<br /> <br /> Finch, A., and H, Y.S., and Sumita, E. (2005). [http://aclweb.org/anthology/I/I05/I05-5003.pdf Using machine translation evaluation techniques to determine sentence-level semantic equivalence], &quot;Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing (IWP 2005)&quot;, Jeju Island, South Korea, pp. 17-24.<br /> <br /> Islam, A., and Inkpen, D. (2007). [http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~diana/publications/ranlp_2007_textsim_camera_ready.pdf Semantic similarity of short texts], ''Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP 2007)'', Borovets, Bulgaria, pp. 291-297.<br /> <br /> Kozareva, Z., and Montoyo, A. (2006). [http://www.dlsi.ua.es/~zkozareva/papers/fintalKozareva.pdf Paraphrase identification on the basis of supervised machine learning techniques], ''Advances in Natural Language Processing: 5th International Conference on NLP (FinTAL 2006)'', Turku, Finland, 524-533.<br /> <br /> Mihalcea, R., Corley, C., and Strapparava, C. (2006). [http://reference.kfupm.edu.sa/content/c/o/corpus_based_and_knowledge_based_measure_3759629.pdf Corpus-based and knowledge-based measures of text semantic similarity], ''Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2006)'', Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 775-780.<br /> <br /> Qiu, L. and Kan, M.Y. and Chua, T.S. (2006). [http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/W/W06/W06-1603.pdf Paraphrase recognition via dissimilarity significance classification], ''Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2006)'', pp. 18-26.<br /> <br /> Rus, V. and McCarthy, P.M. and Lintean, M.C. and McNamara, D.S. and Graesser, A.C. (2008). [http://csep.psyc.memphis.edu/McNamara/pdf/Paraphrase_Identification.pdf Paraphrase identification with lexico-syntactic graph subsumption], ''FLAIRS 2008'', pp. 201-206.<br /> <br /> Socher, R. and Huang, E.H., and Pennington, J. and Ng, A.Y., and Manning, C.D. (2011). [http://www.socher.org/uploads/Main/SocherHuangPenningtonNgManning_NIPS2011.pdf Dynamic pooling and unfolding recursive autoencoders for paraphrase detection], &quot;Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24&quot;<br /> <br /> Wan, S., Dras, M., Dale, R., and Paris, C. (2006). [http://www.alta.asn.au/events/altw2006/proceedings/swan-final.pdf Using dependency-based features to take the &quot;para-farce&quot; out of paraphrase], ''Proceedings of the Australasian Language Technology Workshop (ALTW 2006)'', pp. 131-138.<br /> <br /> Madnani, N., Tetreault, J., and Chodorow, M. (2012). [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/N/N12/N12-1019.pdf Re-examining Machine Translation Metrics for Paraphrase Identification], ''Proceedings of 2012 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL 2012)'', pp. 182-190.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[State of the art]]<br /> * [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbo]<br /> <br /> [[Category:State of the art]]</div>

Creek https://www.aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php?title=Online_NLG_demos&diff=9435 2012-06-25T08:50:07Z

<p>Creek: </p> <hr /> <div>&lt;!-- MoinMoin name: OnlineDemos --&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- Comment: added pollen forecast demo to SumTime --&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- WikiMedia name: OnlineDemos --&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- Page revision: 00000003 --&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- Original date: Tue Sep 11 07:50:07 2007 (1189497007000000) --&gt;<br /> <br /> This page lists demos of NLG systems available online.<br /> <br /> == Pollen Forecast for Scotland ==<br /> [http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/~rturner/ Ross Turner's] [http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/~rturner/cgi_bin/pollen.html Pollen Forecast for Scotland] NLG demo takes as input a pollen value for each of 6 areas of Scotland, and generates a textual pollen forecast.<br /> <br /> <br /> == RISK ==<br /> [http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/~chvenour/nlg/demos/risk.html RISK &amp;ndash; 10 Year Coronary Heart Disease Predictor] aims to show various ways of presenting data. Input: medical data values. Output: tabular overview, textual summary, visual (comic-like), and chart diagram. Java applet.<br /> <br /> == Spatial descriptions for Kirklees in West Yorkshire ==<br /> [http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/~rturner/ Ross Turner's] [http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/~rturner/cgi_bin/spatial.html Spatial descriptions for Kirklees in West Yorkshire] NLG demo takes as input a latitude and a longitude value, and generates a short spacial description relative to other places in the area.<br /> <br /> == STOP ==<br /> http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/research/stop/ <br /> produces personalised smoking-cessation<br /> leaflets, based on responses to a smoking questionnaire. The online version of STOP is<br /> a simplified version of the main STOP system, which is based on paper input and output.<br /> <br /> == SUMTIME ==<br /> http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/research/sumtime/<br /> <br /> SumTime-Mousam generates textual weather forecasts from numerical<br /> weather data. This demo shows how textual descriptions of changes<br /> in wind speed and direction are generated from wind data. <br /> <br /> There is a corresponding [[Data sets for NLG|dataset]] called [[SumTime-Meteo]] available.<br /> <br /> A related demo generates [[#Pollen_Forecast_for_Scotland|pollen forecasts for Scotland]].<br /> This may be easier for non-meteorologists to<br /> understand, and the demo shows the human corpus<br /> texts as well as the computer-generated texts.<br /> <br /> == TEMSIS ==<br /> http://www.dfki.de/service/nlg-demo/<br /> automatically generates air quality reports for the Franco-German border area <br /> in the Moselle-Saar region.<br /> <br /> <br /> = currenty offline =<br /> <br /> == ILEX ==<br /> http://www.hcrc.ed.ac.uk/ilex/demos/museum.cgi<br /> is a virtual museum system; it automatically produces<br /> descriptions of museum items, taking into account the educational importance <br /> of particular aspects of the objects. &lt;small&gt;(NLG functionality currently unavailable?)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> == Peba-II ==<br /> http://www.dynamicmultimedia.com.au/peba/<br /> is an on-line animal encyclopedia<br /> that produces descriptions and comparisons of animals as web pages.<br /> <br /> == Power ==<br /> http://www.mri.mq.edu.au/%7Epeba/PowerTNG/ <br /> is another virtual museum which dynamically<br /> generates descriptions of museum objects.<br /> <br /> == PERSONAGE ==<br /> [https://nlds.soe.ucsc.edu/personage/demo PERSONAGE] can produce utterances expressing various personality types on a continuous scale. You can compare and recommend various restaurants in New York City, and vary the personality trait parameters to produce a new output utterance.<br /> <br /> == Project Reporter ==<br /> http://www.cogentex.com/products/reporter/demo.html (link exists, but servlet seems to be down)<br /> generates dynamic web-based project status reports from files created with Microsoft Project <br /> or other compatible project management software. Reports feature hyperlinked textual <br /> descriptions [http://www.thai-sbobet.com sbobet]of project elements, as well as coordinated multimodal display with <br /> an interactive Gantt chart applet.<br /> <br /> == StockReporter ==<br /> http://www.mri.mq.edu.au/stockreporter/<br /> is a system which produces descriptions of stock market data.<br /> <br /> == XIG - CStar Italian Generator ==<br /> http://ecate.itc.it:1024/projects/cstar/cstar.html <br /> is a system for generating Italian sentences from the interlingua content representation <br /> Interchange Format) adopted inside the C-STAR II project, <br /> whose target is to build a speech to speech<br /> translation system able to treat spontaneous speech. The application domain is tourist information.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Software]]<br /> {{SIGGEN Wiki}}</div>

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